Guia documentacion formacion formadores perinatal

PROYECTO DE HUMANIZACIÓN DE LA ATENCIÓN PERINATAL
CURSO DE FORMACIÓN DE FORMADORES
Proyecto de Humanización de la Atención Perinatal en Andalucía. 1
Curso de Formación de Formadores.
MATERIAL DE APOYO DOCENTE
FORMACION DE FORMADORES SANITARIOS/AS IMPLICADOS/AS EN
ATENCIÓN PERINATAL

En este documento se detallan las referencias de cada uno de los materiales de apoyo
incluídos en la memoria USB. La organización en carpetas y la numeración de los
archivos se corresponde con los listados que a continuación se presentarán.
INDICE
1) PROYECTO HUMANIZACIÓN DE ATENCIÓN PERINATAL EN ANDALUCÍA.. PG.4
Contiene documentos relacionados y/o elaborados a partir del presente proyecto.
2) LITERATURA CIENTÍFICA…………………………………………………………....PG.5
Incluye una selección de artículos científicos de los últimos cinco años, clasificados en
diferentes apartados temáticos relacionados con “atención al parto” y “atención
neonatal”. En cada apartado se diferencian los artículos de revisión de la base
Cochrane del resto de artículos.
2.1. ATENCION AL PARTO………………………………………………….. PG.5
2.1.1. RASURADO DE PERINE Y ENEMAS………….……………PG.5
2.1.2. ACOMPAÑAMIENTO…………………………………………..PG.7
2.1.3. DILATACIÓN………………………………………………….. PG.10
2.1.4. DOLOR………………………………………………………… PG.15
2.1.5. POSICIÓN…………………………………………………….. PG.19
2.1.6. EPISIOTOMIAS………………………………………………. PG.21
2.1.7. PARTOS INSTRUMENTALES……………………………… PG.24
2.1.8. CESÁREAS……………………………………………..……… PG.28
2.1.9. PINZAMIENTO CORDON UMBILICAL………………………PG.32

2.2. ATENCION NEONATAL……………………………………………….. PG.34
2.2.1. LACTANCIA MATERNA Y CONTACTO PIEL CON PIEL… PG.34
2.2.2. CUIDADOS CENTRADOS EN EL DESARROLLO……….. PG.40
2.2.3. CUIDADOS CENTRADOS EN LA FAMILIA……………….. PG.43
2.2.4. MÉTODO CANGURO………………………………………... PG.45
2.2.5. ALIMENTACIÓN (UNIDADES NEONATALES)……..….… PG.48
2.2.6. DOLOR Y ETICA……………………………………………… PG.51
2.2.7.INFECCIONES………………………………………………… PG.55
3) LEGISLACIÓN……………………………………………………………………… PG.56
Contiene documentos legislativos vinculados a la atención obstétrica y neonatal.
4) GUÍAS, PROTOCOLOS, RECOMENDACIONES……………………………… PG.58
Incluye tanto guías y protocolos de atención, como recomendaciones de organismos
nacionales e internacionales sobre diferentes prácticas obstétricas y neonatales.
5) OTROS DOCUMENTOS…………………………………………………………… PG.65
Incorpora otros documentos relacionados con la materia de interés no incluídos en las
categorías previas. Se identifican dos subapartados específicos dedicados a la
atención a la discapacidad y atención a la inmigración.
6) PRESENTACIONES POWER POINT……………………………………………. PG.69
Incorpora presentaciones power point sobre los diferentes contenidos tratados en el
curso de “Formación de Formadores/as Sanitarios/as implicados/as en atención
perinatal, 2008”.
7) VIDEOS……………………………………………………………………………... PG.70
Se incluyen nueve videos ilustrativos de la temática de interés.
8) DIRECTORIO Y CONTACTOS SSPA……………………………………………. PG.70

1. PROYECTO HUMANIZACION DE LA ATENCIÓN PERINATAL EN ANDALUCIA
1) Presentación del proyecto
2) Buenas prácticas para la Humanización de la Atención Perinatal
3) Sistema de información y evaluación del proyecto: Indicadores
4) Sistema de información y evaluación del proyecto: Cuestionario de
autoevaluación
5) Convenio de colaboración: Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo - Consejería de
Salud de la Junta de Andalucía (BOE 2007)
6) Convenio de colaboración: Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo - Consejería de
Salud de la Junta de Andalucía (BOE 2008)
7) Red de formación “Humanización de Atención Perinatal”: Finalidad y Aspectos
organizativos
8) Iniciativa de uso de la Red Guadalinfo “Telematrona”

2. LITERATURA CIENTÍFICA
2.1. ATENCIÓN AL PARTO
2.1.1. RASURADO DEL PERINÉ Y ENEMAS
Revisiones Cochrane (Rasurado del periné y Enemas)
1. Basevi V, Lavender T. Rasurado perineal sistemático en el ingreso a la sala de
partos. (Revisión Cochrane traducida). En: La Biblioteca Cochrane Plus, 2008
Número 2. Oxford: Update Software Ltd. Disponible a: http://www.update-
software.com. (Traducida de The Cochrane Library, 2008. Chichester, UK: John
Wiley & Sons, Ltd.).
2. Cuervo LG, Rodríguez MN, Delgado MB. Enemas en el trabajo de parto.
(Revisión Cochrane traducida). En: La Biblioteca Cochrane Plus, 2007 Número 2.
Oxford: Update Software Ltd. Disponible a: http://www.update-software.com.
(Traducida de The Cochrane Library, 2007. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons,
Ltd.).
3. Reveiz,-L; Gaitan,-H-G; Cuervo,-L-G. Enemas durante el trabajo de parto
Oxford: Update Software Ltd. Disponible en: http://www.update-software.com
(Traducida de The Cochrane Library, 2008 Issu 2. Chichester UK: JOhn Wiley ¬
Sons. Ltd).

Otros artículos científicos (Rasurado del Periné y Enemas)
4. Berghella V, Baxter JK, Chauhan SP. Evidence-based labor and delivery
management. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2008 Nov;199(5):445-54.
5. Hofmeyr,-G-J. Evidence-based intrapartum care. Best practice and research.
Clinical obstetrics and gynaecology. 2005; 19:103-15.
6. Kitzinger,-S; Green,-J-M; Chalmers,-B; Keirse,-M; Lindstrom,-K; Hemminki,-E. Why
do women go along with this stuff?. Part I. Birth. 2006 Jun; 33(2): 154-8
7. Klein MC; Sakala C; Simkin P; Davis-Floyd R; Rooks JP; Pincus J. Why do women
go along with this stuff?. Birth. 2006 Sep; 33(3): 245-50
8. Kovavisarach,-E; Jirasettasiri,-P. Randomised controlled trial of perineal shaving
versus hair cutting in parturients on admission in labor. Journal-of-the-Medical-
Association-of-Thailand; Chotmaihet-thangphaet. 2005; 88:1167-71
9. Sweidan, Mary; Mahfoud, Ziyad; Dejong, Jocelyn. Hospital Policies and Practices
Concerning Normal Childbirth in Jordan. Studies in Family Planning 2008; 39 (1):
59-68
10. Turan, Janet Molzan; Bulut, Aysen; Nalbant, Hacer; OrtaylI, Nuriye; Erbaydar,
Tugrul. Challenges for the Adoption of Evidence-Based Maternity Care in Turkey.
Social Science & Medicine May 2006; 62 (9): 2196-2204.

2.1.2. ACOMPAÑAMIENTO
Revisiones Cochrane (Acompañamiento)
11. Hodnett ED, Gates S, Hofmeyr G J, Sakala C. Apoyo continuo para las mujeres
durante el parto. (Revisión Cochrane traducida). En: La Biblioteca Cochrane Plus,
2008 Número 2. Oxford: Update Software Ltd. Disponible a: http://www.update-
12. Sibley,-L-M; Sipe,-T-A; Brown,-C-M; Diallo,-M-M; McNatt,-K; Habarta,-N.
Entrenamiento del asistente del parto tradicional para mejorar los hábitos sanitarios
y los resultados del embarazo (Revisión Cochrane traducida). En: La Biblioteca
Cochrane Plus, 2008 Número 2. Oxford: Update Software Ltd. Disponible en:
http://www.update-software.com. (Traducida de The Cochrane Library, 2008 Issue
2. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.).
Otros artículos científicos (Acompañamiento)
13. Berg,-M; Terstad,-A. Swedish women's experiences of doula support during
childbirth. Midwifery. 2006 Dec; 22(4): 330-8
14. Breedlove,G. Perceptions of social support from pregnant and parenting teens
using community-based doulas.J Perinat Educ. 2005; 14(3): 15-22
15. Bruggemann,-O-M; Parpinelli,-M-A; Osis,-M-J; Cecatti,-J-G; Neto,-A-S. Support to
woman by a companion of her choice during childbirth: a randomized controlled
trial. Reprod-Health. 2007; 4: 5
16. Campbell,D; Scott,K; Klaus,M; Falk,M. Female relatives or friends trained as labor
doulas: Outcomes at 6 to 8 weeks postpartum. Birth:-Issues-in-Perinatal-Care. Vol
34(3) Sep 2007, 220-227.
17. Campbell,-D-A; Lake,-M-F; Falk,-M; Backstrand,-J-R. A randomized control trial of
continuous support in labor by a lay doula. J-Obstet-Gynecol-Neonatal-Nurs. 2006
Jul-Aug; 35(4): 456-64

18. Green,-J; Amis,-D; Hotelling,-B-A. Care practice #3: continuous labor support. J-
Perinat-Educ. 2007 Summer; 16(3): 25-8
19. Hodnett ED, Stremler R, Willan AR, Weston JA, Lowe NK, Simpson KR, Fraser
WD, Gafni A; SELAN (Structured Early Labour Assessment and Care by Nurses)
TrialGroup. Effect on birth outcomes of a formalised approach to care in hospital
labour assessment units: international, randomised controlled trial. BMJ. 2008 Aug
28;337:a1021.
20. Homer,-C-S . Challenging midwifery care, challenging midwives and challenging
the system. Women-Birth. 2006 Sep; 19(3): 79-83
21. Hotelling B, Amis D, Green J, Sakala C. Continuous Labor Support. J Perinat Educ.
2004 Spring;13(2):16-22.
22. Hotelling BA, Humenick SS. Advancing Normal Birth: Organizations, Goals, and
Research. J Perinat Educ. 2005 Spring;14(2):40-48.
23. Janssen,-P-A; Ryan,-E-M; Etches,-D-J; Klein,-M-C; Reime,-B. Outcomes of
planned hospital birth attended by midwives compared with physicians in British
Columbia. Birth. 2007 Jun; 34(2): 140-7
24. Kerber,-K-J; de-Graft-Johnson,-J-E; Bhutta,-Z-A; Okong,-P; Starrs,-A; Lawn,-J-E.
Continuum of care for maternal, newborn, and child health: from slogan to service
delivery. Lancet. 2007 Oct 13; 370(9595): 1358-69
25. Lagendyk E; Thurston E. A case study of volunteers providing labour and childbirth
support in hospitals in Canada. Midwifery 2005;21(1):14-22
26. Leslie MS, Storton S. Step 1: Offers All Birthing Mothers Unrestricted Access to
Birth Companions, Labor Support, Professional Midwifery Care: The Coalition for
Improving Maternity Services. J Perinat Educ. 2007 Winter;16(Suppl 1):10S-19S.
27. Lundgren,-I; Berg,-M. Central concepts in the midwife-woman relationship. Scand-
J-Caring-Sci. 2007 Jun; 21(2): 220-8
28. McLachlan HL, Forster DA, Davey MA, Lumley J, Farrell T, Oats J, Gold L,
Waldenström U, Albers L, Biro MA. COSMOS: COmparing standard Maternity care
with one-to-one midwifery support: a randomised controlled trial. BMC Pregnancy
Childbirth. 2008 Aug 5;8:35.

29. Price S; Noseworthy J; Thornton J.Women's experience with social presence
during childbirth.AmJMaternChildNurs2007;32(3):184-91
30. Salt K. Step 3: Provides Culturally Competent Care: The Coalition for Improving
Maternity Services. J Perinat Educ. 2007 Winter;16(Suppl 1):23S-24S.
31. Shields SG, Ratcliffe SD, Fontaine P, Leeman L. Dystocia in nulliparous women.
Am Fam Physician. 2007 Jun 1;75(11):1671-8.
32. Sleutel,-M; Schultz,-S; Wyble,-K. Nurses' views of factors that help and hinder their
intrapartum care. J-Obstet-Gynecol-Neonatal-Nurs. 2007 May-Jun; 36(3): 203-11.
33. Spear,-H-J. Policies and practices for maternal support options during childbirth
and breastfeeding initiation after cesarean in southeastern hospitals. J-Obstet-
Gynecol-Neonatal-Nurs. 2006 Sep-Oct; 35(5): 634-43.
34. Van-Zandt,-S-E; Edwards,-L; Jordan,-E-T. Lower epidural anesthesia use
associated with labor support by student nurse doulas: implications for intrapartal
nursing practice. Complement-Ther-Clin-Pract. 2005 Aug; 11(3): 153-60.

2.1.3. DILATACIÓN (INDUCCIÓN DEL PARTO, AMNIOTOMÍA, MONITORIZACIÓN FETAL, INGESTAS)
Revisiones Cochrane (Dilatación)
35. Alfirevic Z, Devane D, Gyte GML. Cardiotocografía continua (CTG) como forma
de monitorización fetal electrónica para la evaluación fetal durante el trabajo de
parto. (Revisión Cochrane traducida). En: La Biblioteca Cochrane Plus, 2007
36. Boulvain M, Kelly A, Lohse C, Stan C, Irion O. Métodos mecánicos para la
inducción del trabajo de parto (Revisión Cochrane traducida). En: La Biblioteca
Cochrane Plus, número 4, 2008. Oxford, Update Software Ltd. Disponible en:
http://www.update-software.com. (Traducida de The Cochrane Library, 2008
Issue 4. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.).
37. Boulvain M, Stan C, Irion O. Despegamiento de membranas para la inducción del
trabajo de parto (Revisión Cochrane traducida). En: La Biblioteca Cochrane Plus,
número 4, 2008. Oxford, Update Software Ltd. Disponible en: http://www.update-
software.com. (Traducida de The Cochrane Library, 2008 Issue 4. Chichester,
UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.).
38. Bricker L, Luckas M. Amniotomía como único proceder para la inducción del
trabajo de parto. (Revisión Cochrane traducida). (Revisión Cochrane traducida).
En: La Biblioteca Cochrane Plus, 2008 Número 2. Oxford: Update Software Ltd.
Disponible a: http://www.update-software.com. (Traducida de The Cochrane
Library, 2008. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.).
39. Fawole,-B; Hofmeyr,-G-J. Administración de oxígeno a la madre para el
sufrimiento fetal (Revisión Cochrane traducida). En: La Biblioteca Cochrane Plus,
2008 Número 2. Oxford : Update Software LTD. Disponible en:
http://www.update-software.com (Traducida de The Cochrane Library, 2008 Issue
2. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.).
40. Gülmezoglu AM, Crowther CA, Middleton P. Inducción del trabajo de parto para
mejorar los resultados en mujeres a término o después del término. (Revisión
Cochrane traducida). En: La Biblioteca Cochrane Plus, 2007 Número 2. Oxford:

Update Software Ltd. Disponible a: http://www.update-software.com. (Traducida
de The Cochrane Library, 2007. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.).
41. Hofmeyr GJ, Gülmezoglu AM. Misoprostol vaginal para la maduración cervical y
la inducción del trabajo de parto (Revisión Cochrane traducida). En: La Biblioteca
42. Howarth GR, Botha DJ. Amniotomía más oxitocina intravenosa para la inducción
del trabajo de parto (Revisión Cochrane traducida). En: La Biblioteca Cochrane
Plus, número 4, 2008. Oxford, Update Software Ltd. Disponible en:
43. Hutton E, Mozurkewich E. Prostaglandinas extraamnióticas para la inducción del
trabajo de parto (Revisión Cochrane traducida). En: La Biblioteca Cochrane Plus,
número 4, 2008. Oxford, Update Software Ltd. Disponible en: http://www.update-
44. Kavanagh J, Kelly AJ, Thomas J. Estimulación de las mamas para la maduración
cervical e inducción del trabajo de parto. (Revisión Cochrane traducida). En: La
Biblioteca Cochrane Plus, 2008 Número 2. Oxford: Update Software Ltd.
45. Kelly AJ, Kavanagh J, Thomas J. Prostaglandina vaginal (PGE2 y PGF2a) para
la inducción del trabajo de parto a término (Revisión Cochrane traducida). En: La
Biblioteca Cochrane Plus, número 2, 2008. Oxford, Update Software Ltd.
Disponible en: http://www.update-software.com. (Traducida de The Cochrane
Library, 2008 Issue 2. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.)
46. Kelly AJ, Tan B. Oxitocina intravenosa sola para la maduración cervical y la
inducción del trabajo de parto (Revisión Cochrane traducida). En: La Biblioteca

46b. Lauzon L, Hodnett E. Programas de valoración del trabajo de parto para demorar
el ingreso a las salas de parto (Revisión Cochrane traducida). En: La Biblioteca
47. Luckas M, Bricker L. Prostaglandina intravenosa para la inducción del trabajo de
parto (Revisión Cochrane traducida). En: La Biblioteca Cochrane Plus, número 2,
2008. Oxford, Update Software Ltd. Disponible en: http://www.update-
48. Say L; Gülmezoglu, AM; Hofmeyr GJ. Administración de oxígeno materno para el
retraso de crecimiento fetal presunto (Revisión Cochrane traducida). En: La
Disponible en: http://www.update-software.com (Traducida de The Cochrane
Library, 2008 Issue 2. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.).
49. Smyth RM; Alldred SK; Markham C. Amniotomía para acortar el trabajo de parto
espontáneo (Revisión Cochrane traducida). En: La Biblioteca Cochrane Plus,
2008 Número 2. Oxford: Update Software Ltd. Disponible en: http://www.update-
software.com (Traducida de The Cochrane Library, 2008 Issue 2. Chichester, UK:
John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.).
50. Thomas J, Kelly AJ, Kavanagh J. Estrógenos solos o con amniotomía para la
maduración cervical o inducción del trabajo de parto (Revisión Cochrane
traducida). En: La Biblioteca Cochrane Plus, número 2, 2008. Oxford, Update
Software Ltd. Disponible en: http://www.update-software.com. (Traducida de The
Cochrane Library, 2008 Issue 2. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.).

Otros artículos científicos (Dilatación)
51. Bijlenga D, Birnie E, Mol BW, Bonsel GJ. When outcome is a balance: methods
to measure combined utility for the choice between induction of labour and
expectant management in mild risk pregnancy at term. BMC Pregnancy
Childbirth. 2007 Jul 4;7:10.
52. Bloom SL, Spong CY, Thom E, Varner MW, Rouse DJ, Weininger S, Ramin SM,
Caritis SN, Peaceman A, Sorokin Y, Sciscione A, Carpenter M, Mercer B, Thorp
J, Malone F, Harper M, Iams J, Anderson G; National Institute of Child Health and
Human Development Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units Network. Fetal pulse
oximetry and cesarean delivery. N Engl J Med. 2006 Nov 23;355(21):2195-202.
53. Braems,-G; Norhausen,-I. Induction of labor with prostaglandins for medical
reasons: determining explanatory variables of the induction to delivery time
interval for vaginal deliveries and caesarean section. Eur-J-Obstet-Gynecol-
Reprod-Biol. 2007 ;135(2): 164-9
54. Cluett ER, Pickering RM, Getliffe K, St George Saunders NJ. Randomised
controlled trial of labouring in water compared with standard of augmentation for
management of dystocia in first stage of labour. BMJ. 2004 Feb 7;328(7435):314
55. Devane D, Lalor J. Midwives' visual interpretation of intrapartum
cardiotocographs: intra- and inter-observer agreement. J Adv Nurs. 2005
Oct;52(2):133-41.
56. Dodd JM, Crowther CA, Robinson JS. Oral misoprostol for induction of labour at
term: randomised controlled trial. BMJ. 2006 Mar 4;332(7540):509-13
57. Goer H, Sagady Leslie M, Romano A. Step 6: Does Not Routinely Employ
Practices, Procedures Unsupported by Scientific Evidence: The Coalition for
Improving Maternity Services. J Perinat Educ. 2007 Winter;16(Suppl 1):32S-64S.
58. Levy,R; Vaisbuch,E;Furman,B;Brown,D;Volach,V;Hagay,Z.Induction of labor with
oral misoprostol for premature rupture of membranes at term in women with
unfavorable cervix: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J-
Perinat-Med. 2007; 35(2): 126-9
59. Lothian JA, Amis D, Crenshaw J. Care Practice #4: No Routine Interventions. J
Perinat Educ. 2007 Summer;16(3):29-34.

60. Mackenzie IZ. Induction of labour at the start of the new millennium.
Reproduction. 2006 Jun;131(6):989-98.
61. Mancuso A, De Vivo A, Fanara G, Denaro A, Laganà D, Accardo FM. Effects of
antepartum electronic fetal monitoring on maternal emotional state. Acta Obstet
Gynecol Scand. 2008;87(2):184-9.
62. Marowitz,-A; Jordan,-R. Midwifery management of prelabor rupture of
membranes at term. J-Midwifery-Womens-Health. 2007 May-Jun; 52(3): 199-206
63. Parsons M. A midwifery practice dichotomy on oral intake in labour. Midwifery.
2004 Mar;20(1):72-81.
64. Parsons M, Bidewell J, Griffiths R. A comparative study of the effect of food
consumption on labour and birth outcomes in Australia. Midwifery. 2007
Jun;23(2):131-8.
65. Svardby,-K; Nordstrom,-L; Sellstrom,-E. Primiparas with or without oxytocin
augmentation: a prospective descriptive study. J-Clin-Nurs. 2007 Jan; 16(1): 179-
84
66. Van-der-Ham,-D-P; Nijhuis,-J-G; Mol,-B-W; van-Beek,-J-J; Opmeer,-B-C;
Bijlenga,-D; Groenewout,-M; Arabin,-B; Bloemenkamp,-K-W; van-Wijngaarden,-
W-J; Wouters,-M-G; Pernet,-P-J; Porath,-M-M; Molkenboer,-J-F; Derks,-J-B;
Kars,-M-M; Scheepers,-H-C; Weinans,-M-J; Woiski,-M-D; Wildschut,-H-I;
Willekes,-C. Induction of labour versus expectant management in women with
preterm prelabour rupture of membranes between 34 and 37 weeks (the
PPROMEXIL-trial). BMC-Pregnancy-Childbirth. 2007; 7: 11
67. Withiam M, Shelton J, Fleming E. Central fetal monitoring: effect on perinatal
outcomes and cesarean section rate. Birth 2006;33(4):284-8

2.1.4. DOLOR
Revisiones Cochrane (Dolor)
68. Anim-Somuah M, Smyth R, Howell C. Analgesia epidural versus no epidural o
ninguna analgesia para eltrabajo de parto. (Revisión Cochrane traducida). En: La
Library, 2008. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.)
69. Cepeda MS, Carr DB, Lau J, Alvarez H. Música para el alivio del dolor. (Revisión
70. Cluett E R, Nikodem VC, McCandlish RE, Burns EE. Inmersión en agua para el
embarazo, trabajo de parto y parto. (Revisión Cochrane traducida). En: La
Library, 2007. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.)
71. Simmons SW, Cyna AM, Dennis AT, Hughes D. Analgesia espinal y epidural
combinadas versus analgesia epidural en el trabajo de parto (Revisión Cochrane
traducida). En: La Biblioteca Cochrane Plus, Número 2, 2008. Oxford, Update
Software Ltd. Disponible en: http://www.update-software.com. (Traducida de The
Cochrane Library, 2008 Issue 2. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.).
72. Smith CA, Collins CT, Cyna AM, Crowther CA. Tratamientos complementarios y
alternativos para el manejo del dolor durante el trabajo de parto (Revisión
Cochrane traducida). En: La Biblioteca Cochrane Plus, Número 2, 2008. Oxford,
Update Software Ltd. Disponible en: http://www.update-software.com. (Traducida
de The Cochrane Library, 2008 Issue . Chichester,UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.).
73. Torvaldsen S, Roberts CL, Bell JC, Raynes-Greenow CH. Interrupción de la
analgesia epidural de manera tardía durante el parto para la disminución de los
resultados de parto adversos relacionados con la analgesia epidural (Revisión
Cochrane traducida). En: La Biblioteca Cochrane Plus, Número 2, 2008. Oxford,
Update Software Ltd. Disponible en: http://www.update-software.com. (Traducida
de The Cochrane Library, 2008 Issue 2. Chichester,UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.).

Otros artículos científicos (Dolor)
74. Beilin Y, Guinn NR, Bernstein HH, Zahn J, Hossain S, Bodian CA. Local
anesthetics and mode of delivery: bupivacaine versus ropivacaine versus
levobupivacaine. Anesth Analg. 2007 Sep;105(3):756-63
75. Cluett ER, Pickering RM, Getliffe K, St George Saunders NJ. Randomised
controlled trial of labouring in water compared with standard of augmentation for
management of dystocia in first stage of labour. BMJ. 2004 Feb 7;328(7435):314.
76. Cyna AM, McAuliffe GL, Andrew MI. Hypnosis for pain relief in labour and
childbirth: a systematic review. Br J Anaesth. 2004 Oct;93(4):505-11.
77. Hodnett ED, Stremler R, Willan AR, Weston JA, Lowe NK, Simpson KR, Fraser
WD, Gafni A; SELAN (Structured Early Labour Assessment and Care by Nurses)
Trial Group. Effect on birth outcomes of a formalised approach to care in hospital
labour assessment units: international, randomised controlled trial. BMJ. 2008
Aug 8;337:a1021
78. Klein,-Michael-C. Epidural Analgesia: Does It or Doesn't It?. Birth:-Issues-in-
Perinatal-Care. Vol 33(1) Mar 2006, 74-76.
79. Lally JE, Murtagh MJ, Macphail S, Thomson R. More in hope than expectation: a
systematic review of women's expectations and experience of pain relief in
labour. BMC Med. 2008 Mar 14;6:7.
80. Lieberman E, Davidson K, Lee-Parritz A, Shearer E. Changes in fetal position
during labor and their association with epidural analgesia. Obstet Gynecol. 2005
May;105(5 Pt 1):974-82.
81. Lowe,-N-K. Context and process of informed consent for pharmacologic
strategies in labor pain care. J-Midwifery-Womens-Health. 2004 May-Jun; 49(3):
250-9
82. McCool,-W-F; Packman,-J; Zwerling,-A. Obstetric anesthesia: changes and
choices. J-Midwifery-Womens-Health. 2004 Nov-Dec; 49(6): 505-13
83. Mårtensson L, Wallin G. Sterile water injections as treatment for low-back pain
during labour: a review. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol. 2008 Aug;48(4):369-74.

84. Nencini C, Nencini P. Toxicological aspects of perinatal analgesia. Minerva
Anestesiol. 2005 Sep;71(9):527-32.
85. Patel,-R-R; Peters,-T-J; Murphy,-D-J. Prenatal risk factors for Caesarean section.
Analyses of the ALSPAC cohort of 12,944 women in England. ALSPAC-Study-
Team. Int-J-Epidemiol. 2005 Apr; 34(2): 353-67
86. Rooks,-Judith-P. Nitrous oxide for pain in labor--Why not in the United States?.
Birth:-Issues-in-Perinatal-Care. Vol 34(1) Mar 2007,3-5.
87. Salim,-R; Nachum,-Z; Moscovici,-R; Lavee,-M; Shalev,-E. Continuous compared
with intermittent epidural infusion on progress of labor and patient satisfaction.
Obstet-Gynecol. 2005 Aug; 106(2): 301-6
88. Simkin,-P; Bolding,-A. Update on nonpharmacologic approaches to relieve labor
pain and prevent suffering. J-Midwifery-Womens-Health. 2004 Nov-Dec; 49(6):
489-504
89. Tournaire M, Theau-Yonneau A. Complementary and alternative approaches to
pain relief during labor. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2007
Dec;4(4):409-17.
90. Van-den-Bussche,-Eva; Crombez,-Geert; Eccleston,-Christopher; Sullivan,-
Michael-J.-L. Why women prefer epidural analgesia during childbirth: The role of
beliefs about epidural analgesia and pain catastrophizing. European-Journal-of-
Pain. Vol 11(3) Apr 2007, 275-282.
91. Waldenstrom,-Ulla; Irestedt,-Lars. Obstetric pain relief and its association with
remembrance of labor pain at two months and one year after birth. Journal-of-
Psychosomatic-Obstetrics-and-Gynecology. Vol 27(3) Sep 2006, 147-156.
92. Weiniger,-C-F; Wand,-S; Nadjari,-M; Elchalal,-U; Mankuta,-D; Ginosar,-Y; Matot,-
I. Post-void residual volume in labor: a prospective study comparing parturients
with and without epidural analgesia. Acta-Anaesthesiol-Scand. 2006 Nov; 50(10):
1297-303
93. Wiklund I, Norman M, Uvnäs-Moberg K, Ransjö-Arvidson AB, Andolf E. Epidural
analgesia: Breast-feeding success and related factors. Midwifery. 2007 Oct 31

94. Zwelling,-E; Johnson,-K; Allen,-J How to implement complementary therapies for
laboring women.MCN-Am-J-Matern-Child-Nurs. 2006 Nov-Dec; 31(6): 364-70;
quiz 371-2

2.1.5. POSICIÓN
Revisiones Cochrane (Posición)
95. Gupta JK, Hofmeyr GJ. Posición de la mujer durante el período expulsivo del
trabajo de parto. (Revisión Cochrane traducida). En: La Biblioteca Cochrane Plus,
96. Hunter S, Hofmeyr GJ, Kulier R. Postura de manos/rodillas en la última etapa del
embarazo o trabajo de parto para posición fetaal inadecuada (lateral o posterior).
Ltd.).
Otros artículos científicos (Posición)
97. Altman D, Ragnar I, Ekström A, Tydén T, Olsson SE. Anal sphincter lacerations
and upright delivery postures--a risk analysis from a randomized controlled trial.
Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct. 2007 Feb;18(2):141-6.
98. Gottvall K, Allebeck P, Ekéus C. Risk factors for anal sphincter tears: the
importance of maternal position at birth. BJOG. 2007 Oct;114(10):1266-72.
99. De Jonge A, Lagro-Janssen AL. Birthing positions. A qualitative study into the
views of women about various birthing positions. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol.
2004 Mar;25(1):47-55.
100. De Jonge A, Teunissen TA, Lagro-Janssen AL. Supine position compared to
other positions during the second stage of labor: a meta-analytic review. J
Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol. 2004 Mar;25(1):35-45.
101. Hastings-Tolsma M, Vincent D, Emeis C, Francisco T. Getting through birth in
one piece: protecting the perineum. MCN Am J Matern Child Nurs. 2007 May-
Jun;32(3):158-64.

102. Roberts J, Hanson L. Best practices in second stage labor care: maternal bearing
down and positioning. J Midwifery Womens Health. 2007 May-Jun;52(3):238-45.
103. Romano AM, Lothian JA. Promoting, protecting, and supporting normal birth: a
look at the evidence. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs. 2008;37(1):94-104.
104. Shilling,-T; Romano,-A-M; Difranco,-J-T. Care practice #2: freedom of movement
throughout labor. -Perinat-Educ. 2007 Summer; 16(3): 21-4
105. Souza JP, Miquelutti MA, Cecatti JG, Makuch MY. Maternal position during the
first stage of labor: a systematic review. Reprod Health. 2006 Nov 30;3:10.
106. Stark MA, Rudell B, Haus G. Observing position and movements in hydrotherapy:
a pilot study. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs. 2008 Jan-Feb;37(1):116-22.
107. Terry RR, Westcott J, O'Shea L, Kelly F. Postpartum outcomes in supine delivery
by physicians vs nonsupine delivery by midwives. J Am Osteopath Assoc. 2006
Apr;106(4):199-202.
108. Ragnar I, Altman D, Tydén T, Olsson SE. Comparison of the maternal experience
and duration of labour in two upright delivery positions--a randomised controlled
trial. BJOG. 2006 Feb;113(2):165-70.
109. Roberts CL, Algert CS, Cameron CA, Torvaldsen S. A meta-analysis of upright
positions in the second stage to reduce instrumental deliveries in women with
epidural analgesia. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2005 Aug;84(8):794-8.
110. Roberts CL, Algert CS, Olive E. Impact of first-stage ambulation on mode of
delivery among women with epidural analgesia. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol.
2004 Dec;44(6):489-94.
111. Stremler R, Hodnett E, Petryshen P, Stevens B, Weston J, Willan AR.
Randomized controlled trial of hands-and-knees positioning for occipitoposterior
position in labor. Birth. 2005 Dec;32(4):243-51.
112. Soong B, Barnes M. Maternal position at midwife-attended birth and perineal
trauma: is there an association?. Birth. 2005 sep;32(3):164-9.

2.1.6. EPISIOTOMÍAS
Revisiones Cochrane (Episiotomías)
113. Beckman MM, Garrett AJ. Masaje perineal antes del parto para la reducción del
trauma perineal. (Revisión Cochrane traducida). En: La Biblioteca Cochrane
Plus, 2008 Número 2. Oxford: Update Software Ltd. Disponible a:
http://www.update-software.com. (Traducida de The Cochrane Library, 2008.
Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.).
114. Carroli G, Belizan J. Episiotomy for vaginal birth. (Revisión Cochrane
traducida). En: La Biblioteca Cochrane Plus, 2008 Número 2. Oxford: Update
Software Ltd. Disponible a: http://www.update-software.com. (Traducida de The
Cochrane Library, 2008. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.).
115. Hay-Smith J. Ultrasonido terapéutico para el dolor perineal y la dispareunia
postarto. En: La Biblioteca Cochrane Plus, 2008 Número 2. Oxford: Update
116. Hedayati H, Parsons J, Crowther CA. Anestésicos de aplicación tópica para el
tratamiento del dolor perineal después del parto. En: La Biblioteca Cochrane
117. Kettle C, Hills RK, Ismail KMK. Suturas contínuas versus interrumpidas para la
reparación de la episiotomía o los desfgarros de segundo grado. En: La
Otros artículos cientificos
118. Althabe F, Buekens P, Bergel E, Belizán JM, Campbell MK, Moss N, Hartwell T,
Wright LL; Guidelines Trial Group. A behavioral intervention to improve
obstetrical care. N Engl J Med. 2008 May 1;358(18):1929-40.

119. Andrews,-V; Sultan,-A-H; Thakar,-R; Jones,-P-W. Risk factors for obstetric anal
sphincter injury: a prospective study. Birth. 2006 Jun; 33(2): 117-22
120. Aytan,-H; Tapisiz,-O-L; Tuncay,-G; Avsar,-F-A. Severe perineal lacerations in
nulliparous women and episiotomy type. Eur-J-Obstet-Gynecol-Reprod-Biol.
2005 Jul 1; 121(1): 46-50
121. Buhling,-K-J; Schmidt,-S; Robinson,-J-N; Klapp,-C; Siebert,-G; Dudenhausen,-
J-W. Rate of dyspareunia after delivery in primiparae according to mode of
delivery. Eur-J-Obstet-Gynecol-Reprod-Biol. 2006 Jan 1; 124(1): 42-6
122. Clemons,-J-L; Towers,-G-D; McClure,-G-B; O'Boyle,-A-L. Decreased anal
sphincter lacerations associated with restrictive episiotomy use. Am-J-Obstet-
Gynecol. 2005 May; 192(5): 1620-5
123. Dandolu,-V; Gaughan,-J-P; Chatwani,-A-J; Harmanli,-O; Mabine,-B;
Hernandez,-E. Risk of recurrence of anal sphincter lacerations. Obstet-Gynecol.
2005 Apr; 105(4): 831-5
124. Dandolu,-V; Lawrence,-L; Gaughan,-J-P; Grotegut,-C; Harmanli,-O-H; Jaspan,-
D; Hernandez,-E. Trends in the rate of shoulder dystocia over two decades. J-
Matern-Fetal-Neonatal-Med. 2005 Nov; 18(5): 305-10
125. DiPiazza,-D; Richter,-H-E; Chapman,-V; Cliver,-S-P; Neely,-C; Chen,-C-C;
Burgio,-K-L. Risk factors for anal sphincter tear in multiparas. Obstet-Gynecol.
2006 Jun; 107(6): 1233-7
126. Fitzgerald,-M-P; Weber,-A-M; Howden,-N; Cundiff,-G-W; Brown,-M-B. Risk
factors for anal sphincter tear during vaginal delivery. Obstet-Gynecol. 2007
Jan; 109(1): 29-34
127. Hartmann K, Viswanathan M, Palmieri R, Gartlehner G, Thorp J Jr, Lohr KN.
Outcomes of routine episiotomy: a systematic review. JAMA. 2005 May
4;293(17):2141-8.
128. Hatem,-M; Pasquier,-J-C; Fraser,-W; Lepire,-E. Factors associated with
postpartum urinary/anal incontinence in primiparous women in Quebec. J-
Obstet-Gynaecol-Can. 2007 Mar; 29(3): 232-9
129. Hudelist,-G; Gelle'n,-J; Singer,-C; Ruecklinger,-E; Czerwenka,-K; Kandolf,-O;
Keckstein,-J. Factors predicting severe perineal trauma during childbirth: role of

forceps delivery routinely combined with mediolateral episiotomy. Am-J-Obstet-
Gynecol. 2005 Mar; 192(3): 875-81
130. Kudish,-B; Blackwell,-S; Mcneeley,-S-G; Bujold,-E; Kruger,-M; Hendrix,-S-L;
Sokol,-R. Operative vaginal delivery and midline episiotomy: a bad combination
for the perineum. Am-J-Obstet-Gynecol. 2006 Sep; 195(3): 749-54
131. Lowder,-J-L; Burrows,-L-J; Krohn,-M-A; Weber,-A-M. Risk factors for primary
and subsequent anal sphincter lacerations: a comparison of cohorts by parity
and prior mode of delivery. Am-J-Obstet-Gynecol. 2007 Apr; 196(4): 344.e1-5
132. Power,-D; Fitzpatrick,-M; O'Herlihy,-C. Obstetric anal sphincter injury: how to
avoid, how to repair: a literature review. J-Fam-Pract. 2006 Mar; 55(3): 193-200
133. Wheeler,-T-L 2nd; Richter,-H-E. Delivery method, anal sphincter tears and fecal
incontinence: new information on a persistent problem. Curr-Opin-Obstet-
Gynecol. 2007 Oct; 19(5): 474-9
134. Williams,-A; Herron-Marx,-S; Carolyn,-H. The prevalence of enduring postnatal
perineal morbidity and its relationship to perineal trauma.Midwifery. 2007 Dec;
23(4): 392-403
135. Williams,-M-K; Chames,-M-C . Risk factors for the breakdown of perineal
laceration repair after vaginal delivery. Am-J-Obstet-Gynecol. 2006 Sep;
195(3): 755-9
136. Youssef,-R; Ramalingam,-U; Macleod,-M; Murphy,-D-J. Cohort study of
maternal and neonatal morbidity in relation to use of episiotomy at instrumental
vaginal delivery. BJOG. 2005 Jul; 112(7): 941-5

2.1.7. PARTOS INSTRUMENTALES
Revisiones Cochrane (Partos instrumentales)
137. Liabsuetrakul T, Choobun T, Peeyananjarassri K, Islam M. Profilaxis antibiótica
para el parto vaginal instrumentado. (Revisión Cochrane traducida). En: La
Otros artículos científicos (Partos instrumentales)
138. Abenhaim HA, Morin L, Benjamin A, Kinch RA. Effect of instrument preference
for operative deliveries on obstetrical and neonatal outcomes. Eur J Obstet
Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2007 Oct;134(2):164-8.
139. Andrews V, Sultan AH, Thakar R, Jones PW. Risk factors for obstetric anal
sphincter injury: a prospective study. Birth. 2006 Jun;33(2):117-22.
140. Attilakos G, Sibanda T, Winter C, Johnson N, Draycott T. A randomised
controlled trial of a new handheld vacuum extraction device. BJOG. 2005
Nov;112(11):1510-5
141. Aukee P, Sundström H, Kairaluoma MV. The role of mediolateral episiotomy
during labour: analysis of risk factors for obstetric anal sphincter tears. Acta
Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2006;85(7):856-60
142. Baumann,-P; Hammoud,-A-O; McNeeley,-S-G; DeRose,-E; Kudish,-B;
Hendrix,-S. Factors associated with anal sphincter laceration in 40,923
primiparous women. International-urogynecology-journal-and-pelvic-floor-
dysfunction 2007; 18:985-90
143. Benedetto C, Marozio L, Prandi G, Roccia A, Blefari S, Fabris C. Short-term
maternal and neonatal outcomes by mode of delivery. A case-controlled study.
Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2007 Nov;135(1):35-40.
144. Ben-Haroush A, Melamed N, Kaplan B, Yogev Y. Predictors of failed operative
vaginal delivery: a single-center experience. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2007
Sep;197(3):308.e1-5.

145. Caughey AB, Sandberg PL, Zlatnik MG, Thiet MP, Parer JT, Laros RK Jr.
Forceps compared with vacuum: rates of neonatal and maternal morbidity.
Obstet Gynecol. 2005 Nov;106(5 Pt 1):908-12.
146. Clark SL, Vines VL, Belfort MA. Fetal injury associated with routine vacuum use
during cesarean delivery. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2008 Apr;198(4):e4
147. Damron DP, Capeless EL. Operative vaginal delivery: a comparison of forceps
and vacuum for success rate and risk of rectal sphincter injury. Am J Obstet
Gynecol. 2004 Sep;191(3):907-10.
148. Dandolu V, Chatwani A, Harmanli O, Floro C, Gaughan JP, Hernandez E. Risk
factors for obstetrical anal sphincter lacerations. Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor
Dysfunct. 2005 Jul-Aug;16(4):304-7.
149. Dandolu V, Gaughan JP, Chatwani AJ, Harmanli O, Mabine B, Hernandez E.
Risk of recurrence of anal sphincter lacerations. Obstet Gynecol. 2005
Apr;105(4):831-5.
150. Doumouchtsis SK, Arulkumaran S. Head trauma after instrumental births. Clin
Perinatol. 2008 Mar;35(1):69-83, viii.
151. Dupuis O, Silveira R, Dupont C, Mottolese C, Kahn P, Dittmar A, Rudigoz RC.
Comparison of "instrument-associated" and "spontaneous" obstetric depressed
skull fractures in a cohort of 68 neonates. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2005
Jan;192(1):165-70.
152. Fitzgerald MP, Weber AM, Howden N, Cundiff GW, Brown MB; Pelvic Floor
Disorders Network. Risk factors for anal sphincter tear during vaginal delivery.
Obstet Gynecol. 2007 Jan;109(1):29-34.
153. Homer C, Dahlen H. Obstetric-induced incontinence:A black hole of preventable
morbidity? An alternative opinion. Australian and New Zealand Journal of
Obstetrics and Gynecology 2007; 47:86-90
154. Hudelist G, Gelle'n J, Singer C, Ruecklinger E, Czerwenka K, Kandolf O,
Keckstein J. Factors predicting severe perineal trauma during childbirth: role of
forceps delivery routinely combined with mediolateral episiotomy. Am J Obstet
Gynecol. 2005 Mar;192(3):875-81.

155. Kicklighter SD, Wolfe D, Perciaccante JV. Subgaleal hemorrhage with dural
tear and parietal-lobe herniation in association with a vacuum extraction. J
Perinatol. 2007 Dec;27(12):797-9.
156. Kudish B, Blackwell S, Mcneeley SG, Bujold E, Kruger M, Hendrix SL, Sokol R.
Operative vaginal delivery and midline episiotomy: a bad combination for the
perineum. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2006 Sep;195(3):749-54.
157. Liu S, Heaman M, Joseph KS, Liston RM, Huang L, Sauve R, Kramer MS;
Maternal Health Study Group of the Canadian Perinatal Surveillance System.
Risk of maternal postpartum readmission associated with mode of delivery.
Obstet Gynecol. 2005 Apr;105(4):836-42.
158. Macleod M, Murphy DJ. Operative vaginal delivery and the use of episiotomy--a
survey of practice in the United Kingdom and Ireland. Eur J Obstet Gynecol
Reprod Biol. 2008 Feb;136(2):178-83
159. Musahl C, Schick U. Severe brain injury with rupture of the superior sagittal
sinus after vacuum extraction birth. J Neurosurg Pediatrics. 2008 Jun;1(6):471-
3.
160. Olagundoye V, MacKenzie IZ. The impact of a trial of instrumental delivery in
theatre on neonatal outcome. BJOG. 2007 May;114(5):603-8.
161. Oñate Vergara E, Sota Busselo I, Cortajarena Altuna M, Collado Espiga V,
Echeverría Lecuona J, Gaztañaga Expósito R, Nogués Pérez A, Paisán
Grisolia I. Arterial stroke after birth trauma. An Pediatr (Barc). 2006
Apr;64(4):379-84.
162. Perone N. Risk factors for primary and subsequent anal sphincter lacerations: A
comparison of cohorts by parity and prior mode of delivery. Am J Obstet
Gynecol. 2007 Dec;197(6):688-9; author reply 689.
163. Powell J, Gilo N, Foote M, Gil K, Lavin JP. Vacuum and forceps training in
residency: experience and self-reported competency. J Perinatol. 2007
Jun;27(6):343-6.
164. Pretlove SJ, Thompson PJ, Toozs-Hobson PM, Radley S, Khan KS. Does the
mode of delivery predispose women to anal incontinence in the first year
postpartum? A comparative systematic review. BJOG. 2008 Mar;115(4):421-34.

165. Simonson C, Barlow P, Dehennin N, Sphel M, Toppet V, Murillo D, Rozenberg
S. Neonatal complications of vacuum-assisted delivery. Obstet Gynecol. 2007
Mar;109(3):626-33.
166. Smith LJ. Impact of birthing practices on the breastfeeding dyad.J Midwifery
Womens Health. 2007 Nov-Dec;52(6):621-30.
167. Thornton MJ, Lubowski DZ.. Obstetric-induced incontinence: a black hole of
preventable morbidity. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol. 2006 Dec;46(6):468-73.
168. Uotila JT, Taurio K, Salmelin R, Kirkinen P. Traumatic experience with vacuum
extraction--influence of personal preparation, physiology, and treatment during
labor. J Perinat Med. 2005;33(5):373-8.Williams A, Herron-Marx S, Knibb R.
The prevalence of enduring postnatal perineal morbidity and its relationship to
type of birth and birth risk factors. J Clin Nurs. 2007 Mar;16(3):549-61
169. Williams A, Herron-Marx S, Hicks C. The prevalence of enduring postnatal
perineal morbidity and its relationship to perineal trauma. J Clin Nurs 2007;
16(3):549-61

2.1.8. CESÁREAS
Revisiones Cochrane (Cesáreas)
170. Afolabi BB, Lesi FEA, Merah NA. Anestesia regional versus general para la
cesárea. (Revisión Cochrane traducida). En: La Biblioteca Cochrane Plus, 2008
software.com. (Traducida de The Cochrane Library, 2008. Chichester, UK:
John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.)
171. Dodd JM, Crowther CA. Repetición de cesárea electiva versus inducción del
trabajo de parto para mujeres con un parto por cesárea anterior. (Revisión
172. Dodd JM, Crowther CA, Huertas E, Guise JM, Horey D. Cesárea repetida
electiva planificada versus parto vaginal planificado en mujeres con un parto
por cesárea previo. (Revisión Cochrane traducida). En: La Biblioteca Cochrane
173. Hofmeyr GJ, Hannah ME. Planned caesarean section for term breech delivery.
(Revisión Cochrane traducida). En:La Biblioteca Cochrane Plus,2008 Número
2. Oxford: Update Software Ltd. Disponible a: http://www.update-software.com.
(Traducida de The Cochrane Library, 2008. Chichester,UK: John Wiley & Sons,
Ltd.).
174. Lavender T, Hofmeyr GJ, Neilson JP, Kingdon C, Gyte GML. Cesárea por
razones no médicas para el embarazo a término. (Revisión Cochrane
175. Ng K, Parsons J, Cyna AM, Middleton P. Anestesia raquídea versus epidural
para la cesárea. (Revisión Cochrane traducida). En: La Biblioteca Cochrane

Otros artículos científicos (Cesáreas)
176. Bahl,-R; Strachan,-B; Murphy,-D-J. Outcome of subsequent pregnancy three
years after previous operative delivery in the second stage of labour: cohort
study. BMJ. 2004 Feb 7; 328(7435): 311
177. Bhattacharya,-S; Porter,-M; Harrild,-K; Naji,-A; Mollison,-J; van-Teijlingen,-E;
Campbell,-D-M; Hall,-M-H; Templeton,-A. Absence of conception after
caesarean section: voluntary or involuntary?. BJOG. 2006 Mar; 113(3): 268-75
178. Cakmak,-Havva; Kuguoglu,-Sema. Comparison of the breastfeeding patterns of
mothers who delivered their babies per vagina and via cesarean section: An
observational study using the LATCH breastfeeding charting system.
International-Journal-of-Nursing-Studies. Vol 44(7) Sep 2007, 1128-1137.
179. Chaillet,-N; Dumont,-A. Evidence-based strategies for reducing cesarean
section rates: a meta-analysis. Birth. 2007 Mar; 34(1): 53-64
180. Christilaw,-J-E. Cesarean section by choice: constructing a reproductive rights
framework for the debate. Int-J-Gynaecol-Obstet. 2006 Sep; 94(3): 262-8
181. Crawford,-P; Kaufmann,-L . How safe is vaginal birth after cesarean section for
the mother and fetus?. J-Fam-Pract. 2006 Feb; 55(2): 149-51
182. Ehrenberg,-H-M; Durnwald,-C-P; Catalano,-P; Mercer,-B-M. The influence of
obesity and diabetes on the risk of cesarean delivery. Am-J-Obstet-Gynecol.
2004 Sep; 191(3): 969-74
183. Gerten,-K-A; Coonrod,-D-V; Bay,-R-C; Chambliss,-L-R. Cesarean delivery and
respiratory distress syndrome: does labor make a difference?. Am-J-Obstet-
Gynecol. 2005 Sep; 193(3 Pt 2): 1061-4
184. Gourounti,-K; Sandall,-J. Admission cardiotocography versus intermittent
auscultation of fetal heart rate: effects on neonatal Apgar score, on the rate of

caesarean sections and on the rate of instrumental delivery--a systematic
review. Int-J-Nurs-Stud. 2007 Aug; 44(6): 1029-35
185. Hansen,-A-K; Wisborg,-K; Uldbjerg,-N; Henriksen,-T-B. Elective caesarean
section and respiratory morbidity in the term and near-term neonate. Acta-
Obstet-Gynecol-Scand. 2007; 86(4): 389-94
186. Hernández-Díaz S, Van Marter LJ, Werler MM, Louik C, Mitchell AA. Risk
factors for persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn. Pediatrics. 2007
Aug;120(2):e272-82.
187. Karlstrom,-A; Engstrom-Olofsson,-R; Norbergh,-K-G; Sjoling,-M; Hildingsson,-I.
Postoperative pain after cesarean birth affects breastfeeding and infant care. J-
Obstet-Gynecol-Neonatal-Nurs. 2007 Sep-Oct; 36(5): 430-40
188. Leeman,-L-M; Plante,-L-A. Patient-choice vaginal delivery?. Ann-Fam-Med.
2006 May-Jun; 4(3): 265-8
189. Liu EH, Sia AT. Rates of caesarean section and instrumental vaginal delivery in
nulliparous women after low concentration epidural infusions or opioid
analgesia: systematic review. BMJ. 2004 Jun 12;328(7453):1410.
190. McCourt,-C; Weaver,-J; Statham,-H; Beake,-S; Gamble,-J; Creedy,-D-K.
Elective cesarean section and decision making: a critical review of the literature.
Birth. 2007 Mar; 34(1): 65-79
191. MacDorman,-Marian-F; Declercq,-Eugene; Menacker,-Fay; Malloy,-Michael-H.
Infant and Neonatal Mortality for Primary Cesarean and Vaginal Births to
Women with "No Indicated Risk," United States, 1998-2001 Birth Cohorts.
Birth:-Issues-in-Perinatal-Care. Vol 33(3) Sep 2006, 175-182.
192. Many,-A; Helpman,-L; Vilnai,-Y; Kupferminc,-M-J; Lessing,-J-B; Dollberg,-S
Neonatal respiratory morbidity after elective cesarean section.. J-Matern-Fetal-
Neonatal-Med. 2006 Feb; 19(2): 75-8
193. Menacker,-F; Declercq,-E; Macdorman,-M-F. Cesarean delivery: background,
trends, and epidemiology. Semin-Perinatol. 2006 Oct; 30(5): 235-41
194. Montgomery AA, Emmett CL, Fahey T, Jones C, Ricketts I, Patel RR, Peters
TJ, Murphy DJ; DiAMOND Study Group. Two decision aids for mode of delivery

among women with previous caesarean section: randomised controlled trial.
BMJ. 2007 Jun 23;334(7607):1305.
195. Nerum,-H; Halvorsen,-L; Sorlie,-T; Oian,-P. Maternal request for cesarean
section due to fear of birth: can it be changed through crisis-oriented
counseling?. Birth. 2006 Sep; 33(3): 221-8
196. Porter,-M; van-Teijlingen,-E; Chi-Ying-Yip,-L; Bhattacharya,-S. Satisfaction with
cesarean section: qualitative analysis of open-ended questions in a large postal
survey. Birth. 2007 Jun; 34(2): 148-54
197. Press,-Joshua-Z; Klein,-Michael-C; Kaczorowski,-Janusz; Liston,-Robert-M;
von-Dadelszen,-Peter. Does cesarean section reduce postpartum urinary
incontinence? A systematic review. Birth:-Issues-in-Perinatal-Care. Vol 34(3)
Sep 2007, 228-237.
198. Renner,-R-M; Eden,-K-B; Osterweil,-P; Chan,-B-K; Guise,-J-M. Informational
factors influencing patient's childbirth preferences after prior cesarean. Am-J-
Obstet-Gynecol. 2007 May; 196(5): e14-6
199. Villar J, Carroli G, Zavaleta N, Donner A, Wojdyla D, Faundes A, Velazco A,
Bataglia V, Langer A, Narváez A, Valladares E, Shah A, Campodónico L,
Romero M, Reynoso S, de Pádua KS, Giordano D, Kublickas M, Acosta A;
World Health Organization 2005 Global Survey on Maternal and Perinatal
Health Research Group. Maternal and neonatal individual risks and benefits
associated with caesarean delivery: multicentre prospective study. BMJ. 2007
Nov 17;335(7628):1025.
200. Wax JR. Maternal request cesarean versus planned spontaneous vaginal
delivery: maternal morbidity and short term outcomes. Semin Perinatol. 2006
Oct;30(5):247-52.

2.1.9. PINZAMIENTO CORDÓN UMBILICAL
Revisiones Cochrane (Pinzamiento Cordón Umbilical))
201. McDonald S, Middleton P. Efecto del momento de clampeo del cordón umbilical
en recién nacidos a término sobre los resultados en la madre y el neonato.
(Revisión Cochrane traducida). En: La Biblioteca Cochrane Plus, 2008 Número
(Traducida de The Cochrane Library, 2008. Chichester, UK: John Wiley &
Sons, Ltd.).
202. Rabe H, Reynolds G, Diaz-Rossello J. Clampeo precoz versus clampeo tardío
del cordón umbilical en prematuros. (Revisión Cochrane traducida). En: La
Otros artículos científicos (Pinzamiento Cordón Umbilical)
203. Alistair P. Delayed cord clamping in preterm infants.Pediatrics 2006;117:1434-5
204. Armstrong L, Stevenson B. Effect of delayed sampling on umbilical cord arterial
and venous lactate and blood gases in clamped and unclamped vessels. Arch
Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2006; 91:342-5.
205. Baenziger O, Stolkin F, Keel M, von Siebenthal K, Fauchere JC, Das Kundu S,
Dietz V, Bucher HU, Wolf M. The influence of the timing of cord clamping on
postnatal cerebral oxigenation in preterm neonates: A randomized, controlled
trial. Pediatrics 2007; 199:455-9.
206. Ceriani JM, Carroli G, Pellegrini L, Otaño L, Ferreira M, Ricci C, Casas O,
Giordano D, Lardizábal J. Pediatrics 2006; 117: 779-86
207. Diaz Rosello JL. Early umbilical cord clamping and cor-blood banking. The
Lancet 2006; 368:840
208. Hutchon D. Delayed cord clamping may also be beneficial in rich settings. BMJ
2006; 333:1073.

209. Hutton E, Hassan E. Late vs Early Clamping of the umbilical cord in full-term
neonates. JAMA 2007; 297 (11): 1241-52.
210. Laínez B, Bergel E, Cafferata ML, Belizán JM. ¿Pinzamiento precoz o tardío del
cordón umbilical? Una revisión sistemática de la literatura médica. An Pediatr
(Barc) 2005; 63(1):14-21.
211. Morley GM. The optimal time to clamp the umbilical cord. Arch Dis Child Fetal
Neonatal Ed 2008; 93 (1): 77
212. Van Rheenen P, Brabin BJ. A practical approach to timing cord clamping in
resource poor settings. BMJ 2006; 333:954-8.
213. Weeks A. Umbilical cord clamping after birth. BMJ 2007; 335:312-3.

2.2. ATENCIÓN NEONATAL
2.2.1. LACTANCIA MATERNA Y CONTACTO PIEL CON PIEL
Revisiones Cochrane (Lactancia materna y Contacto piel con piel)
1. Anderson GC, Moore E, Hepworth J, Bergman N. Contacto piel-a-piel temprano
para las madres y sus recién nacidos sanos. (Revisión Cochrane traducida). En: La
2. Britton C, McCormick FM, Renfrew MJ, Wade A, King SE. Apoyo para la lactancia
materna. (Revisión Cochrane traducida). En: La Biblioteca Cochrane Plus, 2007
3. Dyson L, McCormick F, Renfrew MJ. Intervenciones para promover el inicio de la
lactancia materna. (Revisión Cochrane traducida). En: La Biblioteca Cochrane
4. Donnelly A, Snowden HM, Renfrew MJ, Woolridge MW. Lotes comerciales de alta
hospitalaria para mujeres que amamantan. (Revisión Cochrane traducida). En: La
5. Kramer MS, Kakuma R. Duración óptima de la lactancia materna exclusiva.
Ltd.).
6. Snowden HM, Renfrew MJ, Woolridge MW. Tratamientos para la ingurgitación
mamaria durante la lactancia. (Revisión Cochrane traducida). En: La Biblioteca

Cochrane Plus, 2007 Número 2. Oxford: Update Software Ltd. Disponible a:
7. Osborn DA, Sinn J. Fórmulas que contienen proteínas hidrolizadas para la
prevención de alergias y de la intolerancia alimentaria en lactantes. (Revisión
Update Software Ltd. Disponible a: http://www.update-software.com. (Traducida de
The Cochrane Library, 2008. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.).
7b. Van der Wijden C, Kleijnen J, Van den Berk T. Amenorrea de la lactancia para la
planificación familiar. (Revisión Cochrane traducida). En: La Biblioteca Cochrane
Otros artículos científicos
8. Bergstrom A, Okong P, Ransjo-Arvidson A. Inmediate maternal thermal response
to skin to skin care of newborn. Acta Paediatr 2007 May; 96 (5):655-8.
9. Britton JR, Britton HL, Gronwaldt V. Breastfeeding, sensitivity, and attachment.
Pediatrics. 2006 Nov;118(5):e1436-43.
10. Bryan,-D-L; Hart,-P-H; Forsyth,-K-D; Gibson,-R-A. Immunomodulatory constituents
of human milk change in response to infant bronchiolitis. Pediatr-Allergy-Immunol.
2007 Sep; 18(6): 495-502
11. Cerezo MA, Trenado RM, Pons-Salvador G. Early mother-infant interaction and
factors negatively affecting parenting. Psicothema. 2006 Aug;18(3):544-50.
12. Chertok I. The importance of exclusive breastfeeding in infants at risk for celiac
disease. MCN-Am-J-Matern-Child-Nurs 2007 Jan-Fe;32(1): 50-4.
13. Erlandsson K, Dsilna A, Fagerberg I, Christensson K. Skin-to-skin care with the
father after cesarean birth and its effect on newborn crying and prefeeding
behavior. Birth. 2007 Jun;34(2):105-14.

14. Flores-Quijano,-M-E; Cordova,-A; Contreras-Ramirez,-V; Farias-Hernandez,-L;
Cruz-Tolentino,-M; Casanueva,-E. Risk for postpartum depression, breastfeeding
practices, and mammary gland permeability. J-Hum-Lact. 2008 Feb; 24(1): 50-7
15. Freeman,-K; Bonuck,-K-A; Trombley,-M. Breastfeeding and infant illness in low-
income, minority women: a prospective cohort study of the dose-response
relationship. J-Hum-Lact. 2008 Feb; 24(1): 14-22; quiz 23-6
16. Gagnon,-A-J; Leduc,-G; Waghorn,-K; Yang,-H; Platt,-R-W. In-hospital formula
supplementation of healthy breastfeeding newborns. J-Hum-Lact. 2005 Nov; 21(4):
397-405
17. Galligan,-M.Proposed guidelines for skin-to-skin treatment of neonatal
hypothermia.MCN-Am-J-Matern-Child-Nurs.2006;31(5):298-304
18. Gartner,-L-M; Morton,-J; Lawrence,-R-A; Naylor,-A-J; O'Hare,-D; Schanler,-R-J;
Eidelman,-A-I. Breastfeeding and the use of human milk. Pediatrics. 2005 Feb;
115(2): 496-506
19. Gribble,-K-D Breastfeeding of a medically fragile foster child. J-Hum-Lact. 2005
Feb; 21(1): 42-6
20. Harit,-D; Faridi,-M-M; Aggarwal,-A; Sharma,-S-B Lipid profile of term infants on
exclusive breastfeeding and mixed feeding: a comparative study. Eur-J-Clin-Nutr.
2008 Feb; 62(2): 203-9
21. Hoppu,-U; Rinne,-M; Salo-Vaananen,-P; Lampi,-A-M; Piironen,-V; Isolauri,-E.
Vitamin C in breast milk may reduce the risk of atopy in the infant. Eur-J-Clin-Nutr.
2005 Jan; 59(1): 123-8
22. Hurst,-N-. Recognizing and treating delayed or failed lactogenesis II. J-Midwifery-
Womens-Health. 2007 Nov-Dec; 52(6): 588-94
23. Jonas,-W; Wiklund,-I; Nissen,-E; Ransjo-Arvidson,-A-B; Uvnas-Moberg,-K Newborn
skin temperature two days postpartum during breastfeeding related to different
labour ward practices. Early-Hum-Dev. 2007 Jan; 83(1): 55-62
24. Kennell J, McGrath S. Starting the process of mother-infant bonding. Acta Paediatr.
2005 Jun;94(6):775-7.
25. Kent,J. How breastfeeding works. J Midwifery Womens Health 2007; 52(6): 564-70

26. Kent,-J-C; Mitoulas,-L-R; Cregan,-M-D; Ramsay,-D-T; Doherty,-D-A; Hartmann,-P-
E. Volume and frequency of breastfeedings and fat content of breast milk
throughout the day. Pediatrics. 2006 Mar; 117(3): e387-95
27. Klement E, Cohen R, Boxman J, Joseph A, Reif S. Breastfedding and risk of
inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Am J Clin
Nutr 2004 Nov; 80(5):1342-52.
28. Leung,-A-K; Sauve,-R-S. Breast is best for babies. J-Natl-Med-Assoc. 2005 Jul;
97(7): 1010-9
29. Limpvanuspong,-B; Patrachai,-S; Suthutvoravut,-S; O-Prasertsawat,-P. Impact of
bottle feeding prohibition on exclusively breastfeeding. .J-Med-Assoc-Thai. 2007
Oct; 90(10): 1977-80.
30. Marlier,-L; Schaal,-B. Human newborns prefer human milk: conspecific milk odor is
attractive without postnatal exposure. Child-Dev. 2005 Jan-Feb; 76(1): 155-68
31. Martin,-R-M; Gunnell,-D; Smith,-G-D. Breastfeeding in infancy and blood pressure
in later life: systematic review and meta-analysis. AmJEpidemiol 2005;161(1):15-26
32. Merten S, Dratva J, Ackermann-Liebrich U. Do baby-friendly hospitals influence
breastfeeding duration on a national level? Pediatrics 2005 Nov; 116 (5):e702-8.
33. Miralles,-O; Sanchez,-J; Palou,-A; Pico,-C. A physiological role of breast milk leptin
in body weight control in developing infants. Obesity 2006 Aug; 14(8): 1371-7
34. Moore,-E-R; Anderson,-G-C. Randomized controlled trial of very early mother-infant
skin-to-skin contact and breastfeeding status. SO: J-Midwifery-Womens-Health.
2007 Mar-Apr; 52(2): 116-25
35. Mulder,-P-J. A concept analysis of effective breastfeeding. J-Obstet-Gynecol-
Neonatal-Nurs. 2006 May-Jun; 35(3): 332-9
36. Newburg,-D-S; Ruiz,-G-M; Morrow,-A-L. Human milk glycans protect infants
against enteric pathogens. Annu-Rev-Nutr.2005;25:37-58
37. Newburg D, Walker W. Protection of the neonate by the innate immune system of
developing gut and of human milk. Pediatr Res 2007 Jan; 61(1):2-8

38. Owen CG, Martin RM, Whincup PH, Smith GD, Cook DG. Effect of infant feeding
on the risk of obesity across the life course: a quantitative review of published
evidence. Pediatrics 2005 May; 115(5): 1367-77.
39. Perez,-P-F; Dore,-J; Leclerc,-M; Levenez,-F; Benyacoub,-J; Serrant,-P; Segura-
Roggero,-I; Schiffrin,-E-J; Donnet-Hughes,-A. Bacterial imprinting of the neonatal
immune system: lessons from maternal cells? Pediatrics. 2007 Mar; 119(3): 724-32
40. Porter RH. The biological significance of skin-to-skin contact and maternal odours.
Acta Paediatr. 2004 Dec;93(12):1560-2.
41. Righard L. The baby is breastfeeding--not the mother. Birth. 2008 Mar;35(1):1-2.
42. Ruhl,-R. Effects of dietary retinoids and carotenoids on immune development. Proc-
Nutr-Soc. 2007 Aug; 66(3): 458-69
43. Sadeharju,-K; Knip,-M; Virtanen,-S-M; Savilahti,-E; Tauriainen,-S; Koskela,-P;
Akerblom,-H-K; Hyoty,-H Maternal antibodies in breast milk protect the child from
enterovirus infections. Pediatrics. 2007 May; 119(5): 941-6
44. Schack-Nielsen,-L; Michaelsen,-K-F. Advances in our understanding of the biology
of human milk and its effects on the offspring. J-Nutr. 2007 Feb; 137(2): 503S-510S
45. Schack-Nielsen,-L; Michaelsen,-K-F. Breast feeding and future health. Curr-Opin-
Clin-Nutr-Metab-Care. 2006 May; 9(3): 289-96
46. Singhal A, Cole T, Fewtrell M, Lucas A. Breastmilk feeding and lipoprotein profile in
adolescents born preterm: follow-up of a prospective randomised study. Lancet
2004 May; 363(9421): 1571-8.
47. Symonds,-M-E. Integration of physiological and molecular mechanisms of the
developmental origins of adult disease: new concepts and insights. Proc-Nutr-Soc.
2007 Aug; 66(3): 442-50
48. Walters MW, Boggs KM, Ludington-Hoe S, Price KM, Morrison B. Kangaroo care at
birth for full term infants: a pilot study. MCN Am J Matern Child Nurs. 2007 Nov-
Dec;32(6):375-81.
49. Winberg,-Jan. Mother and newborn baby: Mutual regulation of physiology and
behavior--A selective review. Developmental-Psychobiology 2005; 47(3): 217-229.

50. Wockel,-A; Abou-Dakn,-M; Beggel,-A; Arck,-P. Inflammatory breast diseases during
lactation: health effects on the newborn-a literature review. Mediators-Inflamm.
2008; 298760: 1-7

2.2.2. UNIDADES NEONATALES: CUIDADOS CENTRADOS EN EL DESARROLLO
Revisiones Cochrane (Cuidados Centrados en el Desarrollo)
51. Gray PH, Flenady V. Atención en la cuna versus atención en incubadora para
niños prematuros. (Revisión Cochrane traducida). En: La Biblioteca Cochrane Plus,
52. McCall EM, Alderdice FA, Halliday HL, Jenkins JG, Vohra S. Intervenciones para la
prevención de la hipotermia en recién nacidos prematuros o con bajo peso al
nacer. (Revisión Cochrane traducida). En: La Biblioteca Cochrane Plus, 2007
53. Spittle AJ, Orton J, Doyle LW, Boyd R. Programas de intervención del desarrollo
tempranos después del alta hospitalaria para la prevención de trastornos motores y
cognitivos en neonatos prematuros (Revisión Cochrane traducida). En: La
54. Symington A, Pinelli J. Atención orientada al desarrollo para promover el desarrollo
y prevenir la morbilidad en lactantes prematuros (Revisión Cochrane traducida).
En: La Biblioteca Cochrane Plus, 2008 Número 4. Oxford: Update Software Ltd.
55. Vickers A, Ohlsson A, Lacy JB, Horsley A. Masajes para promover el crecimiento y
el desarrollo de lactantes prematuros o de bajo peso al nacer. (Revisión Cochrane

Otros artículos científicos (Cuidados Centrados en el Desarrollo)
56. Als H, Duffy F, McAnulty G, Rivkin M, Vajapeyam S, Mulkern R, Warfield S, Huppi
P, Butler S, Conneman N, Fischer C, Eichenwald E. Early experience alters brain
function and structure. Pediatrics 2004; 113(4): 846-57.
57. Bertelle V, Mabin D, Adrien J, Sizun J. Sleep of preterm neonates under
developmental care or regular environmental conditions. Early Hum Dev 2005;
81(7):595-600.
58. Blauw-Hospers CH, Hadders-Algra M. A systematic review of the effects of early
intervention on motor development. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2005 Jun;47(6):421-32.
59. Bonnier C. Evaluation of early stimulation programs for enhancing brain
development. Acta Paediatr. 2008 Jul;97(7):853-8.
59b.Fernández P, Cruz N. Efecto del ruido en ambiente hospitalario neonatal. Ciencia
y Trabajo 2006; 20: 65-73.
60. Laudert S, Liu WF, Blackington S, Perkins B, Martin S, Macmillan-York E, Graven
S, Handyside J; NIC/Q 2005 Physical Environment Exploratory Group.
Implementing potentially better practices to support the neurodevelopment of
infants in the NICU. J Perinatol. 2007 Dec;27 Suppl 2:S75-93.
61. Lawhon G, Hedlund RE. Newborn individualized developmental care and
assessment program training and education. J Perinat Neonatal Nurs. 2008 Apr-
Jun;22(2):133-44.
62. Limperopoulos C, Gauvreau KK, O'Leary H, Moore M, Bassan H, Eichenwald EC,
Soul JS, Ringer SA, Di Salvo DN, Duplessis AJ. Cerebral Hemodynamic Changes
During Intensive Care of Preterm Infants. Pediatrics. 2008 Oct 17.
63. Livingston K, Beider S, Kant A, Gallardo C, Joseph M, Gold J. Touch and Massage
for Medically Fragile Infants. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2007:1-10.
64. Perapoch-Lopez,-J; Pallas-Alonso,-C-R; Linde-Sillo,-M-A; Moral-Pumarega,-M-T;
Benito-Castro,-F; Lopez-Maestro,-M; Caserio-Carbonero,-S; de-la-Cruz-Bertolo,-J.
Cuidados centrados en el desarrollo. Situacion en las unidades de neonatologia de
España. An-Pediatr-(Barc). 2006 Feb; 64(2): 132-9

65. Pierrat V, Goubet N, Peifer K, Sizun J. How can we evaluate developmental care
practices prior to their implementation in a neonatal intensive care unit? Early Hum
Dev. 2007 Jul;83(7):415-8.
66. Schaal B, Hummel T, Soussignan R. Olfaction in the fetal and premature infant :
functional status and clinical implications. Clin Perinatol 2004 Jun; 31(2):261-85.
67. Sehgal A, Stack J. Developmentally supportive care and NIDCAP. Indian J Pediatr.
2006 nov; 73(11): 1007-10.
68. Sizun J, Westrup B. Early developmental care for preterm neonates: a call for more
research. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2004 Sep;89(5):F384-8.
69. Thomas KA, Uran A. How the NICU environment sounds to a preterm infant:
update. MCN Am J Matern Child Nurs. 2007 Jul-Aug;32(4):250-3.
70. Vandenberg KA. Individualized developmental care for high risk newborns in the
NICU: a practice guideline. Early Hum Dev. 2007 Jul;83(7):433-42.
71. Vandenberg KA. State systems development in high-risk newborns in the neonatal
intensive care unit: identification and management of sleep, alertness, and crying. J
Perinat Neonatal Nurs. 2007 Apr-Jun;21(2):130-9.
72. Van der Pal SM, Maguire CM, Cessie SL, Veen S, Wit JM, Walther FJ, Bruil J. Staff
opinions regarding the NIDCAP. Early Hum Dev. 2007 Jul;83(7):425-32.
73. Westrup B, Böhm B, Lagercrantz H, Stjernqvist K. Preschool outcome in children
born very prematurely and cared for according to the Newborn Individualized
Developmental Care and Assessment Program (NIDCAP). Acta Paediatr. 2004
Apr;93(4):498-507.
74. Wielenga JM, Smit BJ, Merkus MP, Kok JH. Individualized developmental care in a
Dutch NICU: short-term clinical outcome. Acta Paediatr. 2007 Oct;96(10):1409-15.
75. Wielenga J, Smit B, Merkus M, Wolf M, van Sonderen L, Kok J. Development and
growth in very preterm infants in relation to NIDCAP in a Dutch NICU: two years of
follow-up. Acta Paediatr. 2008 Sep 12:1-7
76. Wielenga JM, Smit BJ, Unk KA. A survey on job satisfaction among nursing staff
before and after introduction of the NIDCAP model of care in a level III NICU in the
Netherlands. Adv Neonatal Care. 2008 Aug;8(4):237-45.

2.2.3. UNIDADES NEONATALES: CUIDADOS CENTRADOS EN LA FAMILIA
Artículos científicos (Cuidados Centrados en la Familia)
77. Bakewell-Sachs S, Gennaro S. Parenting the post-NICU premature infant. MCN
Am J Matern Child Nurs.2004 Nov-Dec;29(6):398-403.
78. Brown PJ, Borowitz SM, Novicoff W. Information exchange in the NICU: what
sources of patient data do physicians prefer to use?. Int J Med Inform. 2004
May;73(4):349-55.
79. Cooper LG, Gooding JS, Gallagher J, Sternesky L, Ledsky R, Berns SD. Impact
of a family-centered care initiative on NICU care, staff and families. J Perinatol.
2007 Dec;27 Suppl 2:S32-7.
80. Franklin C. The neonatal nurse's role in parental attachment in the NICU. Crit
Care Nurs Q. 2006 Jan-Mar;29(1):81-5.
81. Gale G, Franck LS, Kools S, Lynch M. Parents' perceptions of their infant's pain
experience in the NICU. Int J Nurs Stud. 2004 Jan;41(1):51-8.
82. Griffin T. Family-centered care in the NICU.J Perinat Neonatal Nurs. 2006 Jan-
Mar;20(1):98-102.
83. Heermann JA, Wilson ME, Wilhelm PA. Mothers in the NICU: outsider to
partner. Pediatr Nurs. 2005 May-Jun;31(3):176-81, 200.
84. Hogan DL, Logan J. The Ottawa Model of Research Use: a guide to clinical
innovation in the NICU. Clin Nurse Spec. 2004 Sep-Oct;18(5):255-61.
85. Johnson AN. Promoting Maternal Confidence in the NICU. J Pediatr Health
Care. 2008 Jul-Aug;22(4):254-7.
86. Jones L, Woodhouse D, Rowe J. Effective nurse parent communication: a study
of parents' perceptions in the NICU environment. Patient Educ Couns. 2007
Dec;69(1-3):206-12.
87. Kamada I, Rocha SM. Parents and nursing staff's expectations regarding the
nurse's work in a NICU. Rev Esc Enferm USP. 2006 Sep;40(3):404-11.
88. Kleberg A, Hellström-Westas L, Widström AM. Mothers' perception of Newborn
Individualized Developmental Care and Assessment Program (NIDCAP) as
compared to conventional care. Early Hum Dev. 2007 Jun;83(6):403-11.

89. Latva,-R; Lehtonen,-L; Salmelin,-R-K; Tamminen,-T. Visits by the family to the
neonatal intensive care unit. Acta-Paediatr. 2007 Feb; 96(2): 215-20
90. Phillips S, Tooley G. Improving child and family outcomes following complicated
births requiring admission to neonatal intensive care units. Sexual and
Relationship Therapy 2005; 20 (4): 431-42.
91. Van der Pal SM, Maguire CM, le Cessie S, Wit JM, Walther FJ, Bruil J. Parental
experiences during the first period at the neonatal unit after two developmental
care interventions. Acta Paediatr. 2007 Nov;96(11):1611-6.
92. Westrup B. Newborn Individualized Developmental Care and Assessment
Program (NIDCAP) -family-centered developmentally supportive care. Early
Hum Dev. 2007 Jul;83(7):443-9.
93. Wielenga JM, Smit BJ, Unk LK. How satisfied are parents supported by nurses
with the NIDCAP model of care for their preterm infant?. J Nurs Care Qual.
2006 Jan-Mar;21(1):41-8.
94. Willis V. Parenting preemies: a unique program for family support and
education after NICU discharge. Adv Neonatal Care. 2008 Aug;8(4):221-30.
95. Yeo SL. NICU update: state of the science of NEC. J Perinat Neonatal Nurs.
2006 Jan-Mar;20(1):46-50.

2.2.4. UNIDADES NEONATALES: MÉTODO CANGURO
Revisiones Cochrane (Método Canguro)
96. Conde-Agudelo A, Diaz-Rossello JL, Belizan JM. Método madre canguro para
reducir la morbimortalidad en neonatos con bajo peso al nacer. (Revisión
Update Software Ltd. Disponible a: http://www.update-software.com. (Traducida de
The Cochrane Library, 2007. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.).
Artículos científicos (Método Canguro)
97. Barradas J, Fonseca A, Guimaraes CL, Lima GM. Relationship between
positioning of premature infants in kangaroo mother care and early neuromotor
developmet. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2006; 82(6):475-80.
98. Baumgart,-S Iatrogenic hyperthermia and hypothermia in the neonate. Clin-
Perinatol. 2008 Mar; 35(1): 183-97
99. Bergman,-N-J; Linley,-L-L; Fawcus,-S-R. Randomized controlled trial of skin-to-
skin contact from birth versus conventional incubator for physiological
stabilization in 1200- to 2199-gram newborns. Acta-Paediatr. 2004 Jun; 93(6):
779-85
100. Boo,-N-Y; Jamli,-F-M. Short duration of skin-to-skin contact: effects on growth
and breastfeeding. J-Paediatr-Child-Health. 2007 Dec; 43(12): 831-6
101. Charpak,-N; Ruiz-Pelaez,-J-G. Resistance to implementing Kangaroo Mother
Care in developing countries, and proposed solutions. Acta-Paediatr. 2006
May; 95(5): 529-34
101b. Delgado M. El método Canguro. BSCP Can Ped 2005; 29 (1): 17-22.
102. de-Macedo,-E-C; Cruvinel,-F; Lukasova,-K; D'Antino,-M-E. The mood variation
in mothers of preterm infants in Kangaroo mother care and conventional
incubator care. J-Trop-Pediatr. 2007 Oct; 53(5): 344-6
103. Donovan, Wilberta; Taylor, Nicole; Leavitt, Lewis. Maternal Self-efficacy,
Knowledge of Infant Development, Sensory, Sensitivity, and Maternal
Response During Interaction. Developmental Psychology 2007; 43(4):865-76

104. Freire NB, Garcia JB, Lamy ZC. Evaluation of analgesic effect of skin-to-skin
contact compared to oral glucose in preterm neonates. Pain. 2008 Sep
30;139(1):28-33.
104b. Fowlie P, McHaffie H. Supporting parents in the neonatal unit. BMJ 2004;
329:1336-38.
105. Galligan,-M. Proposed guidelines for skin-to-skin treatment of neonatal
hypothermia. MCN-Am-J-Matern-Child-Nurs. 2006 Sep-Oct; 31(5): 298-304;
quiz 305-6
106. Isoyama S, de Almeida H. Kangaroo Mother Care: scientific evidences and
impact on breastfeeding. Journal Pediatr (Rio J) 2004; 80 (5 suppl):173-80.
107. Johnson AN. The maternal experience of kangaroo holding. J Obstet Gynecol
Neonatal Nurs. 2007 Nov-Dec;36(6):568-73.
108. Johnston CC, Filion F, Campbell-Yeo M, Goulet C, Bell L, McNaughton K,
Byron J. Enhanced kangaroo mother care for heel lance in preterm neonates: a
crossover trial. J Perinatol. 2008 Sep 4.
109. Johnston,-C-C; Filion,-F; Campbell-Yeo,-M; Goulet,-C; Bell,-L; McNaughton,-K;
Byron,-J; Aita,-M; Finley,-G-A; Walker,-C-D. Kangaroo mother care diminishes
pain from heel lance in very preterm neonates: a crossover trial. BMC-Pediatr.
2008; 8: 13
110. Kennell,-J-H Randomized controlled trial of skin-to-skin contact from birth
versus conventional incubator for physiological stabilization in 1200 g to 2199 g
newborns. Acta-Paediatr. 2006 Jan; 95(1): 15-6
111. Kostandy RR, Ludington-Hoe SM, Cong X, Abouelfettoh A, Bronson C, Stankus
A, Jarrell JR. Kangaroo Care (skin contact) reduces crying response to pain in
preterm neonates: pilot results. Pain Manag Nurs. 2008 Jun;9(2):55-65.
112. Lamy Filho F, Silva AA, Lamy ZC, Gomes MA, Moreira ME; Grupo de Avaliação
do Método Canguru; Rede Brasileira de Pesquisas Neonatais. Evaluation of the
neonatal outcomes of the kangaroo mother method in Brazil. J Pediatr (Rio J).
2008 Sep-Oct;84(5):428-35.

113. Miles R, Cowan F, Glover V, Stevenson J, Modi N. A controlled trial of skin to
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113b. Nagorski A. The maternal experience of kangaroo holding. JOGNN 2007;
36:568-73. disabilities
114. Penalva, Olga; Schwartzman, José Salomão. Descriptive study of the clinical
and nutritional profile and follow-up of premature babies in a Kangaroo Mother
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115. Sloan NL, Ahmed S, Mitra SN, Choudhury N, Chowdhury M, Rob U, Winikoff B.
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mortality: a randomized, controlled cluster trial. Pediatrics. 2008
May;121(5):e1047-59.
116. Sontheimer,-D; Fischer,-C-B; Buch,-K-E Kangaroo transport instead of
incubator transport. Pediatrics. 2004 Apr; 113(4): 920-3
117. Suman,-R-P; Udani,-R; Nanavati,-R Kangaroo mother care for low birth weight
infants: a randomized controlled trial. Indian-Pediatr. 2008 Jan; 45(1): 17-23
118. Tallandini,-Maria-Anna; Scalembra,-Chiara. Kangaroo Mother Care and Mother-
Premature Infant Dyadic Interaction. Infant-Mental-Health-Journal. Vol 27(3)
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119. Wallin,-Lars; Rudberg,-Agneta; Gunningberg,-Lena. Staff experiences in
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2.2.5. UNIDADES NEONATALES: ALIMENTACIÓN
Revisiones Cochrane (Alimentación)
120. Henderson G, Anthony MY, McGuire W. Leche de fórmula versus leche
materna a término para la alimentación de lactantes prematuros o de bajo peso
al nacer. (Revisión Cochrane traducida). En: La Biblioteca Cochrane Plus, 2008
software.com. (Traducida de The Cochrane Library, 2008. Chichester, UK:
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121. Henderson G, Fahey T, McGuire W. Leche maternal enriquecida con
multicomponentes para lactantes prematuros después del alta hospitalaria.
(Traducida de The Cochrane Library, 2008. Chichester, UK: John Wiley &
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122. Kuschel CA, Harding JE. Lehe materna reforzada con componentes múltiples
paa la promoción del crecimento en recién nacidos prematuros. (Revisión
123. Kuschel CA, Harding JE. Suplementos de grasas de la leche humana para
promover el crecimiento de lactantes prematuros. (Revisión Cochrane
124. Pinelli J, Symington A. Succión no nutritiva para la promoción de la estabilidad
fisiológica y la nutrición en lactantes prematuros. (Revisión Cochrane
125. Quigley MA, Henderson G, Anthony MY, McGuire W. Leche de formula versus
leche maternal de donante para la alimentación de neonatos prematuros o de
bajo peso al nacer. (Revisión Cochrane traducida). En: La Biblioteca Cochrane

126. Tosh K, McGuire W. Alimentación a voluntad o demanda/semidemanda versus
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127. Bernaix LW, Schmidt CA, Arrizola M, Iovinelli D, Medina-Poelinez C. Success
of a lactation education program on NICU nurses' knowledge and attitudes. J
Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs. 2008 Jul-Aug;37(4):436-45.
128. Bernaix LW, Schmidt CA, Jamerson PA, Seiter L, Smith J. The NICU
experience of lactation and its relationship to family management style. MCN
Am J Matern Child Nurs. 2006 Mar-Apr;31(2):95-100.
129. Bishara,-R; Dunn,-M-S; Merko,-S-E; Darling,-P. Nutrient composition of
hindmilk produced by mothers of very low birth weight infants born at less than
28 weeks' gestation. J-Hum-Lact. 2008 May; 24(2): 159-67
130. Charpak N, Ruiz JG; KMC Team. Breast milk composition in a cohort of pre-
term infants' mothers followed in an ambulatory programme in Colombia. Acta
Paediatr. 2007 Dec;96(12):1755-9.
131. Colaizy TT, Morriss FH. Positive effect of NICU admission on breastfeeding of
preterm US infants in 2000 to 2003. J Perinatol. 2008 Jul;28(7):505-10.
132. Dweck N, Augustine M, Pandya D, Valdes-Greene R, Visintainer P, Brumberg
HL. NICU lactation consultant increases percentage of outborn versus inborn
babies receiving human milk. J Perinatol. 2008 Feb;28(2):136-40.

133. Doege,-C; Bauer,-J. Effect of high volume intake of mother's milk with an
individualized supplementation of minerals and protein on early growth of
preterm infants <28 weeks of gestation. Clin-Nutr. 2007 Oct; 26(5): 581-8
134. Flacking, Renee; Ewald, Uwe; Starrin, Bengt. 'I wanted to do a good job':
Experiences of 'becoming a mother' and breastfeeding in mothers of very
preterm infants after discharge from a neonatal unit. Social Science & Medicine,
vol. 64, n12,pp.2405-2416, Jun 2007
135. Funkquist,-E-L; Tuvemo,-T; Jonsson,-B; Serenius,-F; Hedberg-Nyqvist,-K.
Growth and breastfeeding among low birth weight infants fed with or without
protein enrichment of human milk. Ups-J-Med-Sci. 2006; 111(1): 97-108.
136. Hill,-P-D; Aldag,-J-C; Zinaman,-M; Chatterton,-R-T. Predictors of preterm infant
feeding methods and perceived insufficient milk supply at week 12 postpartum.
J-Hum-Lact. 2007 Feb; 23(1): 32-8; quiz 39-43
137. Meier,-P-P; Furman,-L-M; Degenhardt,-M. Increased lactation risk for late
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breastfeeding. J-Midwifery-Womens-Health. 2007 Nov-Dec; 52(6): 579-87
138. Morgan,-J-B; Williams,-P; Foote,-K-D; Marriott,-L-D. Do mothers understand
healthy eating principles for low-birth-weight infants? Public-Health-Nutr. 2006
Sep; 9(6): 700-6
139. Nyqvist KH, Kylberg E. Application of the baby friendly hospital initiative to
neonatal care: suggestions by Swedish mothers of very preterm infants. J Hum
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140. Pickler RH, Best AM, Reyna BA, Gutcher G, Wetzel PA. Predictors of nutritive
sucking in preterm infants. J Perinatol. 2006 Nov;26(11):693-9.
141. Raimbault C, Saliba E, Porter R. The effect of the odour of mother´s milk on
breastfeeding behaviour of premature neonates. Acta Paediatr 2007 Mar; 96
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142. Spatz,-D-L. State of the science: use of human milk and breast-feeding for
vulnerable infants.J-Perinat-Neonatal-Nurs.2006;20(1): 51-5

2.2.5. UNIDADES NEONATALES: DOLOR Y ETICA
Revisiones Cochrane (Dolor y Etica)
143. Bellù R, de Waal KA, Zanini R. Opiáceos para recién nacidos que reciben
ventilación mecánica (Revisión Cochrane traducida). En: La Biblioteca
Cochrane Plus, 2008 Número 4. Oxford: Update Software Ltd. Disponible en:
144. Ng E, Taddio A, Ohlsson A. Infusión de midazolam intravenoso para la
sedación de los lactantes en la unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatales
4. Oxford: Update Software Ltd. Disponible en: http://www.update-
145. Shah PS, Aliwalas LL, Shah V. Lactancia o leche materna para los
procedimientos dolorosos en neonatos. (Revisión Cochrane traducida). En: La
146. Shah V, Ohlsson A. Venopunción versus punción del talón para tomar
muestras de sangre en recién nacidos a término (Revisión Cochrane
Software Ltd. Disponible en: http://www.update-software.com. (Traducida de
The Cochrane Library, 2008 Issue 2. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.).
147. Stevens B, Yamada J, Ohlsson A. Sucrosa para la analgesia en recién nacidos
sometidos a procedimientos dolorosos. (Revisión Cochrane traducida). En: La

Otros artículos científicos (Dolor y Etica)
148. Ahn Y. The relationship between behavioral states and pain responses to
various NICU procedures in premature infants. J Trop Pediatr. 2006
Jun;52(3):201-5.
149. Ahn Y,Jun Y.Measurement of pain-like response to various NICU stimulants for
high-risk infants.Early Hum Dev.2007Apr;83(4):255-62.
150. Akçam M, Ormeci AR. Oral hypertonic glucose spray: a practical alternative for
analgesia in the newborn. Acta Paediatr. 2004 Oct;93(10):1330-3.
151. Boyle E, Freer Y, Wong C, McIntosh N, Anand K. Assesment of persistent pain
or distress and adequacy of analgesia in pretermn ventilated infants. Pain 2006
Sep; 124 (1-2):87-91.
152. Catelin C, Tordjman S, Morin V, Oger E, Sizun J. Clinical, physiologic, and
biologic impact of environmental and behavioural interventions in neonates
during a routine nursing procedure. J Pain. 2005 Dec;6(12):791-7.
153. Chiswick M. Infants of borderline viability: ethical and clinical considerations.
Semin Fetal Neonatal Med. 2008 Feb;13(1):8-15
154. Cignacco E, Hamers J, Stoffel L, van Lingen A, Gessler P, McDougall J, Nelle
M. The efficacy of non-pharmacological interventions in the management of
procedural pain in preterm and term neonates. A systematic literature review.
European Journal of Pain; 2007; 11:139-52.
155. Cignacco E, Hamers JP, Stoffel L, van Lingen RA, Schütz N, Müller R,
Zimmermann LJ, Nelle M. Routine procedures in NICUs: factors influencing
pain assessment and ranking by pain intensity. Swiss Med Wkly. 2008 Aug
23;138(33-34):484-91.
156. Ferber SG, Makhoul IR. Neurobehavioural assessment of skin-to-skin effects
on reaction to pain in preterm infants: a randomized, controlled within-subject
trial. Acta Paediatr. 2008 Feb;97(2):171-6.
157. Franck LS. Research with newborn participants: doing the right research and
doing it right. J Perinat Neonatal Nurs. 2005 Apr-Jun;19(2):177-86.

158. Gharavi B, Schott C, Nelle M, Reiter G, Linderkamp O. Pain management and
the effect of guidelines in neonatal units in Austria, Germany and Switzerland.
Pediatr Int. 2007 Oct;49(5):652-8.
159. Gibbins S, Stevens B, Beyene J, Chan PC, Bagg M, Asztalos E. Pain
behaviours in Extremely Low Gestational Age infants. Early Hum Dev. 2008
Jul;84(7):451-8.
160. Gibbins S, Stevens B, McGrath P, Dupuis A, Yamada J, Beyene J, Breau L,
Camfield C, Finley GA, Franck L, Johnston C, McKeever P, O'Brien K, Ohlsson
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preterm and term infants at risk for neurologic impairment. Early Hum Dev.
2008 Jun 17.
161. Gradin M, Schollin J. The role of endogenous opioids in mediating pain
reduction by orally administered glucose among newborns. Pediatrics 2005
Apr;115(4):1004-7.
162. Grunau RE, Holsti L, Haley DW, Oberlander T, Weinberg J, Solimano A,
Whitfield MF, Fitzgerald C, Yu W. Neonatal procedural pain exposure predicts
lower cortisol and behavioural reactivity in preterm infants in the NICU. Pain.
2005 Feb;113(3):293-300.
163. Grunau RE, Linhares MB, Holsti L, Oberlander TF, Whitfield MF. Does prone or
supine position influence pain responses in preterm infants at 32 weeks
gestational age? Clin J Pain. 2004 Mar-Apr;20(2):76-82.
164. Herranz-Rubia N. The role of neonatal nursing in palliative care of the newborn.
Enferm Clin. 2007 Mar-Apr;17(2):96-100.
165. Holsti L, Grunau RE, Oberlander TF, Whitfield MF. Prior pain induces
heightened motor responses during clustered care in preterm infants in the
NICU. Early Hum Dev. 2005 Mar;81(3):293-302.
166. Holsti L, Grunau RE, Oberlander TF, Osiovich H. Is it painful or not?
Discriminant validity of the Behavioral Indicators of Infant Pain (BIIP) scale. Clin
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