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PHP Manual




Stig Sæther Bakken
Alexander Aulbach
  Egon Schmid
  Jim Winstead
Lars Torben Wilson
 Rasmus Lerdorf
   Zeev Suraski
 Andrei Zmievski
    Jouni Ahto


      Edited by
Stig Sæther Bakken

  Egon Schmid
PHP Manual
by Stig Sæther Bakken, Alexander Aulbach, Egon Schmid, Jim Winstead, Lars Torben Wilson, Rasmus Lerdorf, Zeev Suraski,
Andrei Zmievski, and Jouni Ahto

by

Edited by Stig Sæther Bakken

Edited by Egon Schmid


Published 25-03-2001
Copyright © 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001 by the PHP Documentation Group
Copyright

This manual is © Copyright 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001 by the PHP Documentation Group. The members of this group are listed
on the front page of this manual.
This manual can be redistributed under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation;
either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
Table of Contents
   Preface ...................................................................................................................................................................................45
         About this Manual.........................................................................................................................................................45
   I. Getting Started ..................................................................................................................................................................47
         1. Introduction...............................................................................................................................................................47
                 What is PHP? ......................................................................................................................................................49
                 What can PHP do?...............................................................................................................................................49
                 A brief history of PHP.........................................................................................................................................49
         2. Installation.................................................................................................................................................................51
                 Downloading the latest version ...........................................................................................................................53
                 Installation on UNIX systems .............................................................................................................................53
                          Apache Module Quick Reference..............................................................................................................53
                          Building .....................................................................................................................................................54
                 Unix/Linux installs..............................................................................................................................................54
                          Using Packages ..........................................................................................................................................54
                 Unix/HP-UX installs ...........................................................................................................................................54
                 Unix/Solaris installs ............................................................................................................................................55
                          Required software ......................................................................................................................................55
                          Using Packages ..........................................................................................................................................56
                 Unix/OpenBSD installs .......................................................................................................................................56
                          Using Ports.................................................................................................................................................56
                          Using Packages ..........................................................................................................................................56
                 Unix/Mac OS X installs ......................................................................................................................................56
                          Using Packages ..........................................................................................................................................56
                          Compiling for OS X server........................................................................................................................57
                 Complete list of configure options ......................................................................................................................58
                          Database.....................................................................................................................................................58
                          Ecommerce ................................................................................................................................................62
                          Graphics.....................................................................................................................................................63
                          Miscellaneous ............................................................................................................................................64
                          Networking ................................................................................................................................................70
                          PHP Behaviour ..........................................................................................................................................71
                          Server .........................................................................................................................................................71
                          Text and language ......................................................................................................................................73
                          XML ..........................................................................................................................................................73
                 Installation on Windows 9x/Me/NT/2000 systems .............................................................................................74
                          Windows InstallShield ...............................................................................................................................74
                          General Installation Steps ..........................................................................................................................74
                          Building from source .................................................................................................................................75
                                    Preparations......................................................................................................................................76
                                    Putting it all together........................................................................................................................76
                                    Compiling.........................................................................................................................................77
                          Installation of Windows extensions ...........................................................................................................77
                 Servers-Apache ...................................................................................................................................................78
                          Details of installing PHP with Apache on Unix. .......................................................................................78
                          Details of installing PHP on Windows with Apache 1.3.x ........................................................................80
                 Servers-CGI/Commandline .................................................................................................................................80
                          Testing........................................................................................................................................................81
                          Benchmarking............................................................................................................................................81
                 Servers-fhttpd ......................................................................................................................................................81
                 Servers-Caudium .................................................................................................................................................81
                 Servers-IIS/PWS .................................................................................................................................................82
                          Windows and PWS/IIS 3 ...........................................................................................................................82
                          Windows and PWS 4 or newer ..................................................................................................................83


                                                                                                                                                                                              5
Windows NT/2000 and IIS 4 or newer ......................................................................................................83
            Servers-Netscape and iPlanet ..............................................................................................................................84
            Servers-OmniHTTPd Server ...............................................................................................................................85
                    OmniHTTPd 2.0b1 and up for Windows...................................................................................................85
            Servers-Oreilly Website Pro ................................................................................................................................86
                    Oreilly Website Pro 2.5 and up for Windows ............................................................................................86
            Servers-Xitami.....................................................................................................................................................86
                    Xitami for Windows ..................................................................................................................................86
            Servers-Other web servers...................................................................................................................................87
            Problems? ............................................................................................................................................................87
                    Read the FAQ.............................................................................................................................................87
                    Other problems ..........................................................................................................................................87
                    Bug reports.................................................................................................................................................87
      3. Configuration ............................................................................................................................................................89
            The configuration file ..........................................................................................................................................91
                    General Configuration Directives ..............................................................................................................91
                    Mail Configuration Directives ...................................................................................................................94
                    Safe Mode Configuration Directives .........................................................................................................95
                    Debugger Configuration Directives ...........................................................................................................95
                    Extension Loading Directives....................................................................................................................95
                    MySQL Configuration Directives..............................................................................................................95
                    mSQL Configuration Directives ................................................................................................................96
                    Postgres Configuration Directives .............................................................................................................96
                    SESAM Configuration Directives .............................................................................................................96
                    Sybase Configuration Directives ...............................................................................................................97
                    Sybase-CT Configuration Directives .........................................................................................................97
                    Informix Configuration Directives.............................................................................................................98
                    BC Math Configuration Directives ............................................................................................................98
                    Browser Capability Configuration Directives............................................................................................98
                    Unified ODBC Configuration Directives...................................................................................................98
      4. Security ...................................................................................................................................................................101
            Installed as CGI binary......................................................................................................................................103
                    Possible attacks........................................................................................................................................103
                    Case 1: only public files served ...............................................................................................................103
                    Case 2: using –enable-force-cgi-redirect .................................................................................................104
                    Case 3: setting doc_root or user_dir ........................................................................................................104
                    Case 4: PHP parser outside of web tree...................................................................................................104
            Installed as an Apache module..........................................................................................................................105
            Filesystem Security ...........................................................................................................................................105
            Error Reporting .................................................................................................................................................106
            User Submitted Data .........................................................................................................................................107
            General considerations ......................................................................................................................................108
            Keeping Current ................................................................................................................................................108
II. Language Reference ......................................................................................................................................................109
      5. Basic syntax ............................................................................................................................................................109
            Escaping from HTML .......................................................................................................................................111
            Instruction separation ........................................................................................................................................111
            Comments..........................................................................................................................................................111
      6. Types .......................................................................................................................................................................113
            Integers ..............................................................................................................................................................115
            Floating point numbers......................................................................................................................................115
            Strings................................................................................................................................................................115
                    String conversion .....................................................................................................................................117
            Arrays ................................................................................................................................................................118
                    Single Dimension Arrays.........................................................................................................................118


                                                                                                                                                                                       6
Multi-Dimensional Arrays.......................................................................................................................118
      Objects...............................................................................................................................................................120
             Object Initialization .................................................................................................................................120
      Type Juggling ....................................................................................................................................................120
             Type Casting ............................................................................................................................................121
7. Variables..................................................................................................................................................................123
      Basics ................................................................................................................................................................125
      Predefined variables ..........................................................................................................................................125
             Apache variables......................................................................................................................................126
             Environment variables .............................................................................................................................127
             PHP variables...........................................................................................................................................127
      Variable scope ...................................................................................................................................................128
      Variable variables ..............................................................................................................................................130
      Variables from outside PHP ..............................................................................................................................131
             HTML Forms (GET and POST)..............................................................................................................131
                       IMAGE SUBMIT variable names..................................................................................................131
             HTTP Cookies .........................................................................................................................................131
             Environment variables .............................................................................................................................132
             Dots in incoming variable names.............................................................................................................132
             Determining variable types......................................................................................................................132
8. Constants.................................................................................................................................................................133
9. Expressions .............................................................................................................................................................137
10. Operators...............................................................................................................................................................141
      Arithmetic Operators.........................................................................................................................................143
      Assignment Operators .......................................................................................................................................143
      Bitwise Operators ..............................................................................................................................................143
      Comparison Operators.......................................................................................................................................144
      Error Control Operators ....................................................................................................................................144
      Execution Operators ..........................................................................................................................................145
      Incrementing/Decrementing Operators .............................................................................................................145
      Logical Operators ..............................................................................................................................................146
      Operator Precedence .........................................................................................................................................146
      String Operators ................................................................................................................................................147
11. Control Structures .................................................................................................................................................149
      if.......................................................................................................................................................................151
      else ..................................................................................................................................................................151
      elseif ..............................................................................................................................................................151
      Alternative syntax for control structures ...........................................................................................................152
      while ................................................................................................................................................................152
      do..while .......................................................................................................................................................153
      for ....................................................................................................................................................................154
      foreach ............................................................................................................................................................155
      break ................................................................................................................................................................157
      continue ..........................................................................................................................................................157
      switch ..............................................................................................................................................................158
      require()............................................................................................................................................................159
      include()............................................................................................................................................................160
      require_once() ..................................................................................................................................................163
      include_once() ..................................................................................................................................................165
12. Functions...............................................................................................................................................................167
      User-defined functions ......................................................................................................................................169
      Function arguments ...........................................................................................................................................169
             Making arguments be passed by reference ..............................................................................................169
             Default argument values ..........................................................................................................................170
             Variable-length argument lists .................................................................................................................171
      Returning values................................................................................................................................................171

                                                                                                                                                                               7
old_function .................................................................................................................................................171
             Variable functions..............................................................................................................................................171
      13. Classes and Objects...............................................................................................................................................173
             class ................................................................................................................................................................175
             References inside the constructor......................................................................................................................177
      14. References Explained............................................................................................................................................181
             What References Are ........................................................................................................................................183
             What References Do..........................................................................................................................................183
             What References Are Not .................................................................................................................................183
             Passing by Reference.........................................................................................................................................184
             Returning References ........................................................................................................................................184
             Unsetting References.........................................................................................................................................185
             Spotting References...........................................................................................................................................185
                    global References..................................................................................................................................185
                    $this.......................................................................................................................................................185
III. Features.........................................................................................................................................................................187
      15. Error Handling ......................................................................................................................................................187
      16. Creating and manipulating images........................................................................................................................193
      17. HTTP authentication with PHP ............................................................................................................................197
      18. Cookies .................................................................................................................................................................201
      19. Handling file uploads ............................................................................................................................................205
             POST method uploads.......................................................................................................................................207
             Common Pitfalls................................................................................................................................................208
             Uploading multiple files ....................................................................................................................................209
             PUT method support .........................................................................................................................................209
      20. Using remote files .................................................................................................................................................211
      21. Connection handling .............................................................................................................................................215
      22. Persistent Database Connections ..........................................................................................................................219
IV. Function Reference ......................................................................................................................................................223
      I. Apache-specific Functions.......................................................................................................................................223
             apache_lookup_uri ............................................................................................................................................225
             apache_note .......................................................................................................................................................225
             getallheaders......................................................................................................................................................225
             virtual ................................................................................................................................................................226
             ascii2ebcdic .......................................................................................................................................................226
             ebcdic2ascii .......................................................................................................................................................227
      II. Array Functions......................................................................................................................................................229
             array...................................................................................................................................................................231
             array_count_values............................................................................................................................................232
             array_diff ...........................................................................................................................................................232
             array_flip ...........................................................................................................................................................232
             array_intersect ...................................................................................................................................................233
             array_keys .........................................................................................................................................................233
             array_merge.......................................................................................................................................................234
             array_merge_recursive ......................................................................................................................................234
             array_multisort ..................................................................................................................................................235
             array_pad ...........................................................................................................................................................236
             array_pop...........................................................................................................................................................236
             array_push .........................................................................................................................................................237
             array_rand..........................................................................................................................................................237
             array_reverse .....................................................................................................................................................238
             array_shift..........................................................................................................................................................238
             array_slice .........................................................................................................................................................239
             array_splice .......................................................................................................................................................239
             array_sum ..........................................................................................................................................................240

                                                                                                                                                                                       8
array_unique......................................................................................................................................................240
      array_unshift......................................................................................................................................................241
      array_values.......................................................................................................................................................241
      array_walk .........................................................................................................................................................242
      arsort..................................................................................................................................................................242
      asort ...................................................................................................................................................................243
      compact .............................................................................................................................................................244
      count ..................................................................................................................................................................244
      current................................................................................................................................................................245
      each....................................................................................................................................................................245
      end .....................................................................................................................................................................246
      extract ................................................................................................................................................................246
      in_array..............................................................................................................................................................248
      array_search ......................................................................................................................................................248
      key .....................................................................................................................................................................249
      krsort..................................................................................................................................................................249
      ksort ...................................................................................................................................................................249
      list ......................................................................................................................................................................250
      natsort ................................................................................................................................................................251
      natcasesort .........................................................................................................................................................251
      next ....................................................................................................................................................................252
      pos .....................................................................................................................................................................252
      prev....................................................................................................................................................................252
      range ..................................................................................................................................................................253
      reset ...................................................................................................................................................................253
      rsort....................................................................................................................................................................253
      shuffle ................................................................................................................................................................254
      sizeof .................................................................................................................................................................254
      sort .....................................................................................................................................................................254
      uasort .................................................................................................................................................................255
      uksort .................................................................................................................................................................256
      usort ...................................................................................................................................................................256
III. Aspell functions ....................................................................................................................................................259
      aspell_new .........................................................................................................................................................261
      aspell_check ......................................................................................................................................................261
      aspell_check_raw ..............................................................................................................................................261
      aspell_suggest....................................................................................................................................................262
IV. BCMath Arbitrary Precision Mathematics Functions ..........................................................................................263
      bcadd .................................................................................................................................................................265
      bccomp ..............................................................................................................................................................265
      bcdiv ..................................................................................................................................................................265
      bcmod ................................................................................................................................................................265
      bcmul .................................................................................................................................................................265
      bcpow ................................................................................................................................................................266
      bcscale ...............................................................................................................................................................266
      bcsqrt .................................................................................................................................................................266
      bcsub..................................................................................................................................................................266
V. Bzip2 Compression Functions ...............................................................................................................................267
      bzclose ...............................................................................................................................................................269
      bzcompress ........................................................................................................................................................269
      bzdecompress ....................................................................................................................................................269
      bzerrno...............................................................................................................................................................270
      bzerror ...............................................................................................................................................................270
      bzerrstr...............................................................................................................................................................270
      bzflush ...............................................................................................................................................................271
      bzopen ...............................................................................................................................................................271

                                                                                                                                                                                  9
bzread ................................................................................................................................................................271
      bzwrite ...............................................................................................................................................................272
VI. Calendar functions ................................................................................................................................................273
      JDToGregorian ..................................................................................................................................................275
      GregorianToJD ..................................................................................................................................................275
      JDToJulian.........................................................................................................................................................275
      JulianToJD.........................................................................................................................................................275
      JDToJewish........................................................................................................................................................276
      JewishToJD........................................................................................................................................................276
      JDToFrench .......................................................................................................................................................276
      FrenchToJD .......................................................................................................................................................276
      JDMonthName ..................................................................................................................................................276
      JDDayOfWeek...................................................................................................................................................277
      easter_date .........................................................................................................................................................277
      easter_days ........................................................................................................................................................278
      unixtojd..............................................................................................................................................................278
      jdtounix..............................................................................................................................................................279
VII. CCVS API Functions ..........................................................................................................................................281
                                                                                                                                                                             283
VIII. COM support functions for Windows................................................................................................................285
      com_load ...........................................................................................................................................................287
      com_invoke .......................................................................................................................................................287
      com_propget......................................................................................................................................................287
      com_get .............................................................................................................................................................287
      com_propput......................................................................................................................................................287
      com_propset ......................................................................................................................................................287
      com_set..............................................................................................................................................................288
IX. Class/Object Functions .........................................................................................................................................289
      call_user_method_array ....................................................................................................................................293
      call_user_method ..............................................................................................................................................293
      class_exists ........................................................................................................................................................293
      get_class ............................................................................................................................................................294
      get_class_methods.............................................................................................................................................294
      get_class_vars....................................................................................................................................................294
      get_declared_classes .........................................................................................................................................294
      get_object_vars..................................................................................................................................................294
      get_parent_class ................................................................................................................................................295
      is_subclass_of....................................................................................................................................................296
      method_exists....................................................................................................................................................296
X. ClibPDF functions .................................................................................................................................................297
      cpdf_global_set_document_limits ....................................................................................................................301
      cpdf_set_creator ................................................................................................................................................301
      cpdf_set_title .....................................................................................................................................................301
      cpdf_set_subject ................................................................................................................................................301
      cpdf_set_keywords ............................................................................................................................................301
      cpdf_open ..........................................................................................................................................................302
      cpdf_close..........................................................................................................................................................302
      cpdf_page_init ...................................................................................................................................................302
      cpdf_finalize_page ............................................................................................................................................302
      cpdf_finalize ......................................................................................................................................................303
      cpdf_output_buffer ............................................................................................................................................303
      cpdf_save_to_file...............................................................................................................................................303
      cpdf_set_current_page ......................................................................................................................................303
      cpdf_begin_text .................................................................................................................................................304
      cpdf_end_text ....................................................................................................................................................304
      cpdf_show .........................................................................................................................................................304

                                                                                                                                                                            10
cpdf_show_xy ...................................................................................................................................................305
     cpdf_text............................................................................................................................................................305
     cpdf_set_font .....................................................................................................................................................305
     cpdf_set_leading................................................................................................................................................306
     cpdf_set_text_rendering ....................................................................................................................................306
     cpdf_set_horiz_scaling......................................................................................................................................306
     cpdf_set_text_rise..............................................................................................................................................306
     cpdf_set_text_matrix .........................................................................................................................................306
     cpdf_set_text_pos..............................................................................................................................................307
     cpdf_set_char_spacing ......................................................................................................................................307
     cpdf_set_word_spacing .....................................................................................................................................307
     cpdf_continue_text ............................................................................................................................................307
     cpdf_stringwidth................................................................................................................................................307
     cpdf_save...........................................................................................................................................................308
     cpdf_restore .......................................................................................................................................................308
     cpdf_translate ....................................................................................................................................................308
     cpdf_scale..........................................................................................................................................................309
     cpdf_rotate.........................................................................................................................................................309
     cpdf_setflat ........................................................................................................................................................309
     cpdf_setlinejoin .................................................................................................................................................309
     cpdf_setlinecap..................................................................................................................................................309
     cpdf_setmiterlimit .............................................................................................................................................309
     cpdf_setlinewidth ..............................................................................................................................................310
     cpdf_setdash ......................................................................................................................................................310
     cpdf_newpath ....................................................................................................................................................310
     cpdf_moveto ......................................................................................................................................................310
     cpdf_rmoveto.....................................................................................................................................................310
     cpdf_curveto......................................................................................................................................................311
     cpdf_lineto.........................................................................................................................................................311
     cpdf_rlineto .......................................................................................................................................................311
     cpdf_circle .........................................................................................................................................................311
     cpdf_arc .............................................................................................................................................................312
     cpdf_rect............................................................................................................................................................312
     cpdf_closepath...................................................................................................................................................312
     cpdf_stroke ........................................................................................................................................................312
     cpdf_closepath_stroke .......................................................................................................................................313
     cpdf_fill .............................................................................................................................................................313
     cpdf_fill_stroke..................................................................................................................................................313
     cpdf_closepath_fill_stroke.................................................................................................................................313
     cpdf_clip............................................................................................................................................................314
     cpdf_setgray_fill................................................................................................................................................314
     cpdf_setgray_stroke...........................................................................................................................................314
     cpdf_setgray ......................................................................................................................................................314
     cpdf_setrgbcolor_fill .........................................................................................................................................314
     cpdf_setrgbcolor_stroke ....................................................................................................................................315
     cpdf_setrgbcolor................................................................................................................................................315
     cpdf_add_outline ...............................................................................................................................................315
     cpdf_set_page_animation..................................................................................................................................316
     cpdf_import_jpeg ..............................................................................................................................................316
     cpdf_place_inline_image ..................................................................................................................................316
     cpdf_add_annotation .........................................................................................................................................317
XI. CURL, Client URL Library Functions .................................................................................................................319
     curl_init .............................................................................................................................................................321
     curl_setopt .........................................................................................................................................................321
     curl_exec ...........................................................................................................................................................323
     curl_close ..........................................................................................................................................................323

                                                                                                                                                                           11
curl_version .......................................................................................................................................................323
XII. Cybercash payment functions .............................................................................................................................325
      cybercash_encr ..................................................................................................................................................327
      cybercash_decr ..................................................................................................................................................327
      cybercash_base64_encode.................................................................................................................................327
      cybercash_base64_decode.................................................................................................................................327
XIII. Character type functions ....................................................................................................................................329
      ctype_alnum ......................................................................................................................................................331
      ctype_alpha........................................................................................................................................................331
      ctype_cntrl .........................................................................................................................................................331
      ctype_digit .........................................................................................................................................................331
      ctype_lower .......................................................................................................................................................331
      ctype_graph .......................................................................................................................................................331
      ctype_print.........................................................................................................................................................331
      ctype_punct .......................................................................................................................................................332
      ctype_space .......................................................................................................................................................332
      ctype_upper .......................................................................................................................................................332
      ctype_xdigit .......................................................................................................................................................332
XIV. Database (dbm-style) abstraction layer functions..............................................................................................333
      dba_close ...........................................................................................................................................................335
      dba_delete..........................................................................................................................................................335
      dba_exists ..........................................................................................................................................................335
      dba_fetch ...........................................................................................................................................................335
      dba_firstkey .......................................................................................................................................................336
      dba_insert ..........................................................................................................................................................336
      dba_nextkey.......................................................................................................................................................336
      dba_popen .........................................................................................................................................................336
      dba_open ...........................................................................................................................................................337
      dba_optimize .....................................................................................................................................................337
      dba_replace........................................................................................................................................................337
      dba_sync............................................................................................................................................................338
XV. Date and Time functions .....................................................................................................................................339
      checkdate ...........................................................................................................................................................341
      date ....................................................................................................................................................................341
      getdate ...............................................................................................................................................................342
      gettimeofday......................................................................................................................................................343
      gmdate ...............................................................................................................................................................343
      gmmktime..........................................................................................................................................................344
      gmstrftime .........................................................................................................................................................344
      localtime ............................................................................................................................................................344
      microtime ..........................................................................................................................................................345
      mktime...............................................................................................................................................................345
      strftime ..............................................................................................................................................................346
      time....................................................................................................................................................................348
      strtotime.............................................................................................................................................................348
XVI. dBase functions..................................................................................................................................................349
      dbase_create ......................................................................................................................................................351
      dbase_open ........................................................................................................................................................351
      dbase_close........................................................................................................................................................352
      dbase_pack ........................................................................................................................................................352
      dbase_add_record..............................................................................................................................................352
      dbase_replace_record ........................................................................................................................................352
      dbase_delete_record ..........................................................................................................................................352
      dbase_get_record...............................................................................................................................................353
      dbase_get_record_with_names .........................................................................................................................353
      dbase_numfields ................................................................................................................................................353

                                                                                                                                                                              12
dbase_numrecords .............................................................................................................................................353
XVII. DBM Functions ................................................................................................................................................355
     dbmopen ............................................................................................................................................................357
     dbmclose............................................................................................................................................................357
     dbmexists...........................................................................................................................................................357
     dbmfetch............................................................................................................................................................357
     dbminsert ...........................................................................................................................................................357
     dbmreplace ........................................................................................................................................................358
     dbmdelete ..........................................................................................................................................................358
     dbmfirstkey........................................................................................................................................................358
     dbmnextkey .......................................................................................................................................................358
     dblist ..................................................................................................................................................................359
XVIII. Directory functions..........................................................................................................................................361
     chroot.................................................................................................................................................................363
     chdir...................................................................................................................................................................363
     dir ......................................................................................................................................................................363
     closedir ..............................................................................................................................................................363
     getcwd ...............................................................................................................................................................364
     opendir...............................................................................................................................................................364
     readdir................................................................................................................................................................364
     rewinddir ...........................................................................................................................................................365
XIX. DOM XML functions ........................................................................................................................................367
     xmldoc ...............................................................................................................................................................369
     xmldocfile..........................................................................................................................................................369
     xmltree...............................................................................................................................................................369
     domxml_root .....................................................................................................................................................369
     domxml_add_root .............................................................................................................................................370
     domxml_dumpmem ..........................................................................................................................................370
     domxml_attributes.............................................................................................................................................371
     domxml_get_attribute .......................................................................................................................................371
     domxml_set_attribute........................................................................................................................................371
     domxml_children ..............................................................................................................................................372
     domxml_new_child ...........................................................................................................................................372
     domxml_new_xmldoc .......................................................................................................................................372
     xpath_new_context............................................................................................................................................372
     xpath_eval..........................................................................................................................................................373
XX. Error Handling and Logging Functions ..............................................................................................................375
     error_log ............................................................................................................................................................377
     error_reporting ..................................................................................................................................................377
     restore_error_handler ........................................................................................................................................379
     set_error_handler...............................................................................................................................................379
     trigger_error ......................................................................................................................................................381
     user_error ..........................................................................................................................................................382
XXI. filePro functions.................................................................................................................................................383
     filepro ................................................................................................................................................................385
     filepro_fieldname...............................................................................................................................................385
     filepro_fieldtype ................................................................................................................................................385
     filepro_fieldwidth ..............................................................................................................................................385
     filepro_retrieve ..................................................................................................................................................385
     filepro_fieldcount ..............................................................................................................................................385
     filepro_rowcount ...............................................................................................................................................386
XXII. Filesystem functions.........................................................................................................................................387
     basename ...........................................................................................................................................................389
     chgrp..................................................................................................................................................................389
     chmod ................................................................................................................................................................389
     chown ................................................................................................................................................................390

                                                                                                                                                                              13
clearstatcache ....................................................................................................................................................390
copy ...................................................................................................................................................................390
delete .................................................................................................................................................................391
dirname..............................................................................................................................................................391
diskfreespace .....................................................................................................................................................391
fclose .................................................................................................................................................................391
feof ....................................................................................................................................................................392
fflush..................................................................................................................................................................392
fgetc ...................................................................................................................................................................392
fgetcsv ...............................................................................................................................................................392
fgets ...................................................................................................................................................................393
fgetss..................................................................................................................................................................393
file......................................................................................................................................................................394
file_exists...........................................................................................................................................................394
fileatime .............................................................................................................................................................394
filectime .............................................................................................................................................................395
filegroup.............................................................................................................................................................395
fileinode .............................................................................................................................................................395
filemtime............................................................................................................................................................396
fileowner............................................................................................................................................................396
fileperms ............................................................................................................................................................396
filesize................................................................................................................................................................396
filetype ...............................................................................................................................................................397
flock ...................................................................................................................................................................397
fopen..................................................................................................................................................................397
fpassthru ............................................................................................................................................................398
fputs ...................................................................................................................................................................399
fread...................................................................................................................................................................399
fscanf .................................................................................................................................................................400
fseek ..................................................................................................................................................................400
fstat ....................................................................................................................................................................401
ftell ....................................................................................................................................................................401
ftruncate.............................................................................................................................................................401
fwrite .................................................................................................................................................................402
set_file_buffer....................................................................................................................................................402
is_dir..................................................................................................................................................................402
is_executable .....................................................................................................................................................403
is_file .................................................................................................................................................................403
is_link ................................................................................................................................................................403
is_readable.........................................................................................................................................................403
is_writable .........................................................................................................................................................404
is_writeable .......................................................................................................................................................404
is_uploaded_file ................................................................................................................................................404
link.....................................................................................................................................................................405
linkinfo ..............................................................................................................................................................405
mkdir .................................................................................................................................................................405
move_uploaded_file ..........................................................................................................................................405
pclose.................................................................................................................................................................406
popen .................................................................................................................................................................406
readfile ...............................................................................................................................................................406
readlink..............................................................................................................................................................407
rename ...............................................................................................................................................................407
rewind................................................................................................................................................................407
rmdir ..................................................................................................................................................................408
stat .....................................................................................................................................................................408
lstat ....................................................................................................................................................................408

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manual-en

  • 1. PHP Manual Stig Sæther Bakken Alexander Aulbach Egon Schmid Jim Winstead Lars Torben Wilson Rasmus Lerdorf Zeev Suraski Andrei Zmievski Jouni Ahto Edited by Stig Sæther Bakken Egon Schmid
  • 2.
  • 3. PHP Manual by Stig Sæther Bakken, Alexander Aulbach, Egon Schmid, Jim Winstead, Lars Torben Wilson, Rasmus Lerdorf, Zeev Suraski, Andrei Zmievski, and Jouni Ahto by Edited by Stig Sæther Bakken Edited by Egon Schmid Published 25-03-2001 Copyright © 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001 by the PHP Documentation Group Copyright This manual is © Copyright 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001 by the PHP Documentation Group. The members of this group are listed on the front page of this manual. This manual can be redistributed under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
  • 4.
  • 5. Table of Contents Preface ...................................................................................................................................................................................45 About this Manual.........................................................................................................................................................45 I. Getting Started ..................................................................................................................................................................47 1. Introduction...............................................................................................................................................................47 What is PHP? ......................................................................................................................................................49 What can PHP do?...............................................................................................................................................49 A brief history of PHP.........................................................................................................................................49 2. Installation.................................................................................................................................................................51 Downloading the latest version ...........................................................................................................................53 Installation on UNIX systems .............................................................................................................................53 Apache Module Quick Reference..............................................................................................................53 Building .....................................................................................................................................................54 Unix/Linux installs..............................................................................................................................................54 Using Packages ..........................................................................................................................................54 Unix/HP-UX installs ...........................................................................................................................................54 Unix/Solaris installs ............................................................................................................................................55 Required software ......................................................................................................................................55 Using Packages ..........................................................................................................................................56 Unix/OpenBSD installs .......................................................................................................................................56 Using Ports.................................................................................................................................................56 Using Packages ..........................................................................................................................................56 Unix/Mac OS X installs ......................................................................................................................................56 Using Packages ..........................................................................................................................................56 Compiling for OS X server........................................................................................................................57 Complete list of configure options ......................................................................................................................58 Database.....................................................................................................................................................58 Ecommerce ................................................................................................................................................62 Graphics.....................................................................................................................................................63 Miscellaneous ............................................................................................................................................64 Networking ................................................................................................................................................70 PHP Behaviour ..........................................................................................................................................71 Server .........................................................................................................................................................71 Text and language ......................................................................................................................................73 XML ..........................................................................................................................................................73 Installation on Windows 9x/Me/NT/2000 systems .............................................................................................74 Windows InstallShield ...............................................................................................................................74 General Installation Steps ..........................................................................................................................74 Building from source .................................................................................................................................75 Preparations......................................................................................................................................76 Putting it all together........................................................................................................................76 Compiling.........................................................................................................................................77 Installation of Windows extensions ...........................................................................................................77 Servers-Apache ...................................................................................................................................................78 Details of installing PHP with Apache on Unix. .......................................................................................78 Details of installing PHP on Windows with Apache 1.3.x ........................................................................80 Servers-CGI/Commandline .................................................................................................................................80 Testing........................................................................................................................................................81 Benchmarking............................................................................................................................................81 Servers-fhttpd ......................................................................................................................................................81 Servers-Caudium .................................................................................................................................................81 Servers-IIS/PWS .................................................................................................................................................82 Windows and PWS/IIS 3 ...........................................................................................................................82 Windows and PWS 4 or newer ..................................................................................................................83 5
  • 6. Windows NT/2000 and IIS 4 or newer ......................................................................................................83 Servers-Netscape and iPlanet ..............................................................................................................................84 Servers-OmniHTTPd Server ...............................................................................................................................85 OmniHTTPd 2.0b1 and up for Windows...................................................................................................85 Servers-Oreilly Website Pro ................................................................................................................................86 Oreilly Website Pro 2.5 and up for Windows ............................................................................................86 Servers-Xitami.....................................................................................................................................................86 Xitami for Windows ..................................................................................................................................86 Servers-Other web servers...................................................................................................................................87 Problems? ............................................................................................................................................................87 Read the FAQ.............................................................................................................................................87 Other problems ..........................................................................................................................................87 Bug reports.................................................................................................................................................87 3. Configuration ............................................................................................................................................................89 The configuration file ..........................................................................................................................................91 General Configuration Directives ..............................................................................................................91 Mail Configuration Directives ...................................................................................................................94 Safe Mode Configuration Directives .........................................................................................................95 Debugger Configuration Directives ...........................................................................................................95 Extension Loading Directives....................................................................................................................95 MySQL Configuration Directives..............................................................................................................95 mSQL Configuration Directives ................................................................................................................96 Postgres Configuration Directives .............................................................................................................96 SESAM Configuration Directives .............................................................................................................96 Sybase Configuration Directives ...............................................................................................................97 Sybase-CT Configuration Directives .........................................................................................................97 Informix Configuration Directives.............................................................................................................98 BC Math Configuration Directives ............................................................................................................98 Browser Capability Configuration Directives............................................................................................98 Unified ODBC Configuration Directives...................................................................................................98 4. Security ...................................................................................................................................................................101 Installed as CGI binary......................................................................................................................................103 Possible attacks........................................................................................................................................103 Case 1: only public files served ...............................................................................................................103 Case 2: using –enable-force-cgi-redirect .................................................................................................104 Case 3: setting doc_root or user_dir ........................................................................................................104 Case 4: PHP parser outside of web tree...................................................................................................104 Installed as an Apache module..........................................................................................................................105 Filesystem Security ...........................................................................................................................................105 Error Reporting .................................................................................................................................................106 User Submitted Data .........................................................................................................................................107 General considerations ......................................................................................................................................108 Keeping Current ................................................................................................................................................108 II. Language Reference ......................................................................................................................................................109 5. Basic syntax ............................................................................................................................................................109 Escaping from HTML .......................................................................................................................................111 Instruction separation ........................................................................................................................................111 Comments..........................................................................................................................................................111 6. Types .......................................................................................................................................................................113 Integers ..............................................................................................................................................................115 Floating point numbers......................................................................................................................................115 Strings................................................................................................................................................................115 String conversion .....................................................................................................................................117 Arrays ................................................................................................................................................................118 Single Dimension Arrays.........................................................................................................................118 6
  • 7. Multi-Dimensional Arrays.......................................................................................................................118 Objects...............................................................................................................................................................120 Object Initialization .................................................................................................................................120 Type Juggling ....................................................................................................................................................120 Type Casting ............................................................................................................................................121 7. Variables..................................................................................................................................................................123 Basics ................................................................................................................................................................125 Predefined variables ..........................................................................................................................................125 Apache variables......................................................................................................................................126 Environment variables .............................................................................................................................127 PHP variables...........................................................................................................................................127 Variable scope ...................................................................................................................................................128 Variable variables ..............................................................................................................................................130 Variables from outside PHP ..............................................................................................................................131 HTML Forms (GET and POST)..............................................................................................................131 IMAGE SUBMIT variable names..................................................................................................131 HTTP Cookies .........................................................................................................................................131 Environment variables .............................................................................................................................132 Dots in incoming variable names.............................................................................................................132 Determining variable types......................................................................................................................132 8. Constants.................................................................................................................................................................133 9. Expressions .............................................................................................................................................................137 10. Operators...............................................................................................................................................................141 Arithmetic Operators.........................................................................................................................................143 Assignment Operators .......................................................................................................................................143 Bitwise Operators ..............................................................................................................................................143 Comparison Operators.......................................................................................................................................144 Error Control Operators ....................................................................................................................................144 Execution Operators ..........................................................................................................................................145 Incrementing/Decrementing Operators .............................................................................................................145 Logical Operators ..............................................................................................................................................146 Operator Precedence .........................................................................................................................................146 String Operators ................................................................................................................................................147 11. Control Structures .................................................................................................................................................149 if.......................................................................................................................................................................151 else ..................................................................................................................................................................151 elseif ..............................................................................................................................................................151 Alternative syntax for control structures ...........................................................................................................152 while ................................................................................................................................................................152 do..while .......................................................................................................................................................153 for ....................................................................................................................................................................154 foreach ............................................................................................................................................................155 break ................................................................................................................................................................157 continue ..........................................................................................................................................................157 switch ..............................................................................................................................................................158 require()............................................................................................................................................................159 include()............................................................................................................................................................160 require_once() ..................................................................................................................................................163 include_once() ..................................................................................................................................................165 12. Functions...............................................................................................................................................................167 User-defined functions ......................................................................................................................................169 Function arguments ...........................................................................................................................................169 Making arguments be passed by reference ..............................................................................................169 Default argument values ..........................................................................................................................170 Variable-length argument lists .................................................................................................................171 Returning values................................................................................................................................................171 7
  • 8. old_function .................................................................................................................................................171 Variable functions..............................................................................................................................................171 13. Classes and Objects...............................................................................................................................................173 class ................................................................................................................................................................175 References inside the constructor......................................................................................................................177 14. References Explained............................................................................................................................................181 What References Are ........................................................................................................................................183 What References Do..........................................................................................................................................183 What References Are Not .................................................................................................................................183 Passing by Reference.........................................................................................................................................184 Returning References ........................................................................................................................................184 Unsetting References.........................................................................................................................................185 Spotting References...........................................................................................................................................185 global References..................................................................................................................................185 $this.......................................................................................................................................................185 III. Features.........................................................................................................................................................................187 15. Error Handling ......................................................................................................................................................187 16. Creating and manipulating images........................................................................................................................193 17. HTTP authentication with PHP ............................................................................................................................197 18. Cookies .................................................................................................................................................................201 19. Handling file uploads ............................................................................................................................................205 POST method uploads.......................................................................................................................................207 Common Pitfalls................................................................................................................................................208 Uploading multiple files ....................................................................................................................................209 PUT method support .........................................................................................................................................209 20. Using remote files .................................................................................................................................................211 21. Connection handling .............................................................................................................................................215 22. Persistent Database Connections ..........................................................................................................................219 IV. Function Reference ......................................................................................................................................................223 I. Apache-specific Functions.......................................................................................................................................223 apache_lookup_uri ............................................................................................................................................225 apache_note .......................................................................................................................................................225 getallheaders......................................................................................................................................................225 virtual ................................................................................................................................................................226 ascii2ebcdic .......................................................................................................................................................226 ebcdic2ascii .......................................................................................................................................................227 II. Array Functions......................................................................................................................................................229 array...................................................................................................................................................................231 array_count_values............................................................................................................................................232 array_diff ...........................................................................................................................................................232 array_flip ...........................................................................................................................................................232 array_intersect ...................................................................................................................................................233 array_keys .........................................................................................................................................................233 array_merge.......................................................................................................................................................234 array_merge_recursive ......................................................................................................................................234 array_multisort ..................................................................................................................................................235 array_pad ...........................................................................................................................................................236 array_pop...........................................................................................................................................................236 array_push .........................................................................................................................................................237 array_rand..........................................................................................................................................................237 array_reverse .....................................................................................................................................................238 array_shift..........................................................................................................................................................238 array_slice .........................................................................................................................................................239 array_splice .......................................................................................................................................................239 array_sum ..........................................................................................................................................................240 8
  • 9. array_unique......................................................................................................................................................240 array_unshift......................................................................................................................................................241 array_values.......................................................................................................................................................241 array_walk .........................................................................................................................................................242 arsort..................................................................................................................................................................242 asort ...................................................................................................................................................................243 compact .............................................................................................................................................................244 count ..................................................................................................................................................................244 current................................................................................................................................................................245 each....................................................................................................................................................................245 end .....................................................................................................................................................................246 extract ................................................................................................................................................................246 in_array..............................................................................................................................................................248 array_search ......................................................................................................................................................248 key .....................................................................................................................................................................249 krsort..................................................................................................................................................................249 ksort ...................................................................................................................................................................249 list ......................................................................................................................................................................250 natsort ................................................................................................................................................................251 natcasesort .........................................................................................................................................................251 next ....................................................................................................................................................................252 pos .....................................................................................................................................................................252 prev....................................................................................................................................................................252 range ..................................................................................................................................................................253 reset ...................................................................................................................................................................253 rsort....................................................................................................................................................................253 shuffle ................................................................................................................................................................254 sizeof .................................................................................................................................................................254 sort .....................................................................................................................................................................254 uasort .................................................................................................................................................................255 uksort .................................................................................................................................................................256 usort ...................................................................................................................................................................256 III. Aspell functions ....................................................................................................................................................259 aspell_new .........................................................................................................................................................261 aspell_check ......................................................................................................................................................261 aspell_check_raw ..............................................................................................................................................261 aspell_suggest....................................................................................................................................................262 IV. BCMath Arbitrary Precision Mathematics Functions ..........................................................................................263 bcadd .................................................................................................................................................................265 bccomp ..............................................................................................................................................................265 bcdiv ..................................................................................................................................................................265 bcmod ................................................................................................................................................................265 bcmul .................................................................................................................................................................265 bcpow ................................................................................................................................................................266 bcscale ...............................................................................................................................................................266 bcsqrt .................................................................................................................................................................266 bcsub..................................................................................................................................................................266 V. Bzip2 Compression Functions ...............................................................................................................................267 bzclose ...............................................................................................................................................................269 bzcompress ........................................................................................................................................................269 bzdecompress ....................................................................................................................................................269 bzerrno...............................................................................................................................................................270 bzerror ...............................................................................................................................................................270 bzerrstr...............................................................................................................................................................270 bzflush ...............................................................................................................................................................271 bzopen ...............................................................................................................................................................271 9
  • 10. bzread ................................................................................................................................................................271 bzwrite ...............................................................................................................................................................272 VI. Calendar functions ................................................................................................................................................273 JDToGregorian ..................................................................................................................................................275 GregorianToJD ..................................................................................................................................................275 JDToJulian.........................................................................................................................................................275 JulianToJD.........................................................................................................................................................275 JDToJewish........................................................................................................................................................276 JewishToJD........................................................................................................................................................276 JDToFrench .......................................................................................................................................................276 FrenchToJD .......................................................................................................................................................276 JDMonthName ..................................................................................................................................................276 JDDayOfWeek...................................................................................................................................................277 easter_date .........................................................................................................................................................277 easter_days ........................................................................................................................................................278 unixtojd..............................................................................................................................................................278 jdtounix..............................................................................................................................................................279 VII. CCVS API Functions ..........................................................................................................................................281 283 VIII. COM support functions for Windows................................................................................................................285 com_load ...........................................................................................................................................................287 com_invoke .......................................................................................................................................................287 com_propget......................................................................................................................................................287 com_get .............................................................................................................................................................287 com_propput......................................................................................................................................................287 com_propset ......................................................................................................................................................287 com_set..............................................................................................................................................................288 IX. Class/Object Functions .........................................................................................................................................289 call_user_method_array ....................................................................................................................................293 call_user_method ..............................................................................................................................................293 class_exists ........................................................................................................................................................293 get_class ............................................................................................................................................................294 get_class_methods.............................................................................................................................................294 get_class_vars....................................................................................................................................................294 get_declared_classes .........................................................................................................................................294 get_object_vars..................................................................................................................................................294 get_parent_class ................................................................................................................................................295 is_subclass_of....................................................................................................................................................296 method_exists....................................................................................................................................................296 X. ClibPDF functions .................................................................................................................................................297 cpdf_global_set_document_limits ....................................................................................................................301 cpdf_set_creator ................................................................................................................................................301 cpdf_set_title .....................................................................................................................................................301 cpdf_set_subject ................................................................................................................................................301 cpdf_set_keywords ............................................................................................................................................301 cpdf_open ..........................................................................................................................................................302 cpdf_close..........................................................................................................................................................302 cpdf_page_init ...................................................................................................................................................302 cpdf_finalize_page ............................................................................................................................................302 cpdf_finalize ......................................................................................................................................................303 cpdf_output_buffer ............................................................................................................................................303 cpdf_save_to_file...............................................................................................................................................303 cpdf_set_current_page ......................................................................................................................................303 cpdf_begin_text .................................................................................................................................................304 cpdf_end_text ....................................................................................................................................................304 cpdf_show .........................................................................................................................................................304 10
  • 11. cpdf_show_xy ...................................................................................................................................................305 cpdf_text............................................................................................................................................................305 cpdf_set_font .....................................................................................................................................................305 cpdf_set_leading................................................................................................................................................306 cpdf_set_text_rendering ....................................................................................................................................306 cpdf_set_horiz_scaling......................................................................................................................................306 cpdf_set_text_rise..............................................................................................................................................306 cpdf_set_text_matrix .........................................................................................................................................306 cpdf_set_text_pos..............................................................................................................................................307 cpdf_set_char_spacing ......................................................................................................................................307 cpdf_set_word_spacing .....................................................................................................................................307 cpdf_continue_text ............................................................................................................................................307 cpdf_stringwidth................................................................................................................................................307 cpdf_save...........................................................................................................................................................308 cpdf_restore .......................................................................................................................................................308 cpdf_translate ....................................................................................................................................................308 cpdf_scale..........................................................................................................................................................309 cpdf_rotate.........................................................................................................................................................309 cpdf_setflat ........................................................................................................................................................309 cpdf_setlinejoin .................................................................................................................................................309 cpdf_setlinecap..................................................................................................................................................309 cpdf_setmiterlimit .............................................................................................................................................309 cpdf_setlinewidth ..............................................................................................................................................310 cpdf_setdash ......................................................................................................................................................310 cpdf_newpath ....................................................................................................................................................310 cpdf_moveto ......................................................................................................................................................310 cpdf_rmoveto.....................................................................................................................................................310 cpdf_curveto......................................................................................................................................................311 cpdf_lineto.........................................................................................................................................................311 cpdf_rlineto .......................................................................................................................................................311 cpdf_circle .........................................................................................................................................................311 cpdf_arc .............................................................................................................................................................312 cpdf_rect............................................................................................................................................................312 cpdf_closepath...................................................................................................................................................312 cpdf_stroke ........................................................................................................................................................312 cpdf_closepath_stroke .......................................................................................................................................313 cpdf_fill .............................................................................................................................................................313 cpdf_fill_stroke..................................................................................................................................................313 cpdf_closepath_fill_stroke.................................................................................................................................313 cpdf_clip............................................................................................................................................................314 cpdf_setgray_fill................................................................................................................................................314 cpdf_setgray_stroke...........................................................................................................................................314 cpdf_setgray ......................................................................................................................................................314 cpdf_setrgbcolor_fill .........................................................................................................................................314 cpdf_setrgbcolor_stroke ....................................................................................................................................315 cpdf_setrgbcolor................................................................................................................................................315 cpdf_add_outline ...............................................................................................................................................315 cpdf_set_page_animation..................................................................................................................................316 cpdf_import_jpeg ..............................................................................................................................................316 cpdf_place_inline_image ..................................................................................................................................316 cpdf_add_annotation .........................................................................................................................................317 XI. CURL, Client URL Library Functions .................................................................................................................319 curl_init .............................................................................................................................................................321 curl_setopt .........................................................................................................................................................321 curl_exec ...........................................................................................................................................................323 curl_close ..........................................................................................................................................................323 11
  • 12. curl_version .......................................................................................................................................................323 XII. Cybercash payment functions .............................................................................................................................325 cybercash_encr ..................................................................................................................................................327 cybercash_decr ..................................................................................................................................................327 cybercash_base64_encode.................................................................................................................................327 cybercash_base64_decode.................................................................................................................................327 XIII. Character type functions ....................................................................................................................................329 ctype_alnum ......................................................................................................................................................331 ctype_alpha........................................................................................................................................................331 ctype_cntrl .........................................................................................................................................................331 ctype_digit .........................................................................................................................................................331 ctype_lower .......................................................................................................................................................331 ctype_graph .......................................................................................................................................................331 ctype_print.........................................................................................................................................................331 ctype_punct .......................................................................................................................................................332 ctype_space .......................................................................................................................................................332 ctype_upper .......................................................................................................................................................332 ctype_xdigit .......................................................................................................................................................332 XIV. Database (dbm-style) abstraction layer functions..............................................................................................333 dba_close ...........................................................................................................................................................335 dba_delete..........................................................................................................................................................335 dba_exists ..........................................................................................................................................................335 dba_fetch ...........................................................................................................................................................335 dba_firstkey .......................................................................................................................................................336 dba_insert ..........................................................................................................................................................336 dba_nextkey.......................................................................................................................................................336 dba_popen .........................................................................................................................................................336 dba_open ...........................................................................................................................................................337 dba_optimize .....................................................................................................................................................337 dba_replace........................................................................................................................................................337 dba_sync............................................................................................................................................................338 XV. Date and Time functions .....................................................................................................................................339 checkdate ...........................................................................................................................................................341 date ....................................................................................................................................................................341 getdate ...............................................................................................................................................................342 gettimeofday......................................................................................................................................................343 gmdate ...............................................................................................................................................................343 gmmktime..........................................................................................................................................................344 gmstrftime .........................................................................................................................................................344 localtime ............................................................................................................................................................344 microtime ..........................................................................................................................................................345 mktime...............................................................................................................................................................345 strftime ..............................................................................................................................................................346 time....................................................................................................................................................................348 strtotime.............................................................................................................................................................348 XVI. dBase functions..................................................................................................................................................349 dbase_create ......................................................................................................................................................351 dbase_open ........................................................................................................................................................351 dbase_close........................................................................................................................................................352 dbase_pack ........................................................................................................................................................352 dbase_add_record..............................................................................................................................................352 dbase_replace_record ........................................................................................................................................352 dbase_delete_record ..........................................................................................................................................352 dbase_get_record...............................................................................................................................................353 dbase_get_record_with_names .........................................................................................................................353 dbase_numfields ................................................................................................................................................353 12
  • 13. dbase_numrecords .............................................................................................................................................353 XVII. DBM Functions ................................................................................................................................................355 dbmopen ............................................................................................................................................................357 dbmclose............................................................................................................................................................357 dbmexists...........................................................................................................................................................357 dbmfetch............................................................................................................................................................357 dbminsert ...........................................................................................................................................................357 dbmreplace ........................................................................................................................................................358 dbmdelete ..........................................................................................................................................................358 dbmfirstkey........................................................................................................................................................358 dbmnextkey .......................................................................................................................................................358 dblist ..................................................................................................................................................................359 XVIII. Directory functions..........................................................................................................................................361 chroot.................................................................................................................................................................363 chdir...................................................................................................................................................................363 dir ......................................................................................................................................................................363 closedir ..............................................................................................................................................................363 getcwd ...............................................................................................................................................................364 opendir...............................................................................................................................................................364 readdir................................................................................................................................................................364 rewinddir ...........................................................................................................................................................365 XIX. DOM XML functions ........................................................................................................................................367 xmldoc ...............................................................................................................................................................369 xmldocfile..........................................................................................................................................................369 xmltree...............................................................................................................................................................369 domxml_root .....................................................................................................................................................369 domxml_add_root .............................................................................................................................................370 domxml_dumpmem ..........................................................................................................................................370 domxml_attributes.............................................................................................................................................371 domxml_get_attribute .......................................................................................................................................371 domxml_set_attribute........................................................................................................................................371 domxml_children ..............................................................................................................................................372 domxml_new_child ...........................................................................................................................................372 domxml_new_xmldoc .......................................................................................................................................372 xpath_new_context............................................................................................................................................372 xpath_eval..........................................................................................................................................................373 XX. Error Handling and Logging Functions ..............................................................................................................375 error_log ............................................................................................................................................................377 error_reporting ..................................................................................................................................................377 restore_error_handler ........................................................................................................................................379 set_error_handler...............................................................................................................................................379 trigger_error ......................................................................................................................................................381 user_error ..........................................................................................................................................................382 XXI. filePro functions.................................................................................................................................................383 filepro ................................................................................................................................................................385 filepro_fieldname...............................................................................................................................................385 filepro_fieldtype ................................................................................................................................................385 filepro_fieldwidth ..............................................................................................................................................385 filepro_retrieve ..................................................................................................................................................385 filepro_fieldcount ..............................................................................................................................................385 filepro_rowcount ...............................................................................................................................................386 XXII. Filesystem functions.........................................................................................................................................387 basename ...........................................................................................................................................................389 chgrp..................................................................................................................................................................389 chmod ................................................................................................................................................................389 chown ................................................................................................................................................................390 13
  • 14. clearstatcache ....................................................................................................................................................390 copy ...................................................................................................................................................................390 delete .................................................................................................................................................................391 dirname..............................................................................................................................................................391 diskfreespace .....................................................................................................................................................391 fclose .................................................................................................................................................................391 feof ....................................................................................................................................................................392 fflush..................................................................................................................................................................392 fgetc ...................................................................................................................................................................392 fgetcsv ...............................................................................................................................................................392 fgets ...................................................................................................................................................................393 fgetss..................................................................................................................................................................393 file......................................................................................................................................................................394 file_exists...........................................................................................................................................................394 fileatime .............................................................................................................................................................394 filectime .............................................................................................................................................................395 filegroup.............................................................................................................................................................395 fileinode .............................................................................................................................................................395 filemtime............................................................................................................................................................396 fileowner............................................................................................................................................................396 fileperms ............................................................................................................................................................396 filesize................................................................................................................................................................396 filetype ...............................................................................................................................................................397 flock ...................................................................................................................................................................397 fopen..................................................................................................................................................................397 fpassthru ............................................................................................................................................................398 fputs ...................................................................................................................................................................399 fread...................................................................................................................................................................399 fscanf .................................................................................................................................................................400 fseek ..................................................................................................................................................................400 fstat ....................................................................................................................................................................401 ftell ....................................................................................................................................................................401 ftruncate.............................................................................................................................................................401 fwrite .................................................................................................................................................................402 set_file_buffer....................................................................................................................................................402 is_dir..................................................................................................................................................................402 is_executable .....................................................................................................................................................403 is_file .................................................................................................................................................................403 is_link ................................................................................................................................................................403 is_readable.........................................................................................................................................................403 is_writable .........................................................................................................................................................404 is_writeable .......................................................................................................................................................404 is_uploaded_file ................................................................................................................................................404 link.....................................................................................................................................................................405 linkinfo ..............................................................................................................................................................405 mkdir .................................................................................................................................................................405 move_uploaded_file ..........................................................................................................................................405 pclose.................................................................................................................................................................406 popen .................................................................................................................................................................406 readfile ...............................................................................................................................................................406 readlink..............................................................................................................................................................407 rename ...............................................................................................................................................................407 rewind................................................................................................................................................................407 rmdir ..................................................................................................................................................................408 stat .....................................................................................................................................................................408 lstat ....................................................................................................................................................................408 14