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Global Internet Activism
Week#6 Closed Cinemas, A Filtered Internet, Kurastami,
Blogging about Sex and Music in Farsi: Social Media in Iran
                                                               last update: March 12, 2009
                   Trebor Scholz | LCST 4014 A | Spring 2009
Political Activism,
                  Advocacy, and Art Activism

                                                                              week 2
          week 1                                      Access, Censorship,
                                                      Social Media, and the

                                                                                                                week 3
                                                      Alleged Democratization
                                                                                         Citizen Media: from
                                                      of Society
                                                                                         Seattle to South Korea
      War and Social Media: Serbia

                                                                         week 5
week 4
                                         War and Social Media: Iraq, Gaza




                        week 6                                                                          Spring Break
                                                              week 7
War and Social Media:                       Counter-publics
Iran, Afghanistan                           in Iran




                                            week 8                                      week 9
                    Cell phone-enabled
                                                               Citizen Media in China
                                                                                                               week 12
                    activism: Philippines

                                                                                                           Burma
                                                     week 11
          week 10                                     Japan, Singapore
        A Better World in Second Life?
                                                                                           week 14
                                                                            One Laptop Per Child
                                       week 13
                                     Cyber Publics in India
                                                                                                           week 15
                                                                                         Mobilization




                        Trebor Scholz | The New School University | LCST 4014 A | Spring 2009
Iran
                                    week 6
                                    March 3, 5



Required Reading:
Jon W. Anderson, quot;Internet Islam: New Media of the Islamic Reformation,quot; Donna Lee Bowen and Evelyn A. Early,
Everyday Life in the Muslim Middle East (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2002) 300-304.

Suggested Readings:
Hermida, Alfred. quot;BBC NEWS | Science/Nature | Web gives a voice to Iranian women.quot; BBC NEWS | News Front Page.
17 June 2002. 14 Jan. 2009 <http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/2044802.stm>.

Delio, Michelle. quot;Blogs Opening Iranian Society?quot; Wired News. 28 May 2003. 14 Jan. 2009 <http://www.wired.com/
culture/lifestyle/news/2003/05/58976>.




                                    Trebor Scholz | LCST 4014 A | Spring 2009
Social Media in Iran
Draw links between fragments from Iranian films, the history of that country, Michael Warner’s essay Publics and
                                  Counterpublics, and RAWA (in Afghanistan).


   In which way do Iranian state policies regarding the Internet echo attitudes toward previous, older media?


  What are the at least three ways in which censorship of free speech is implemented in the Iranian Internet?
                                    What does the term “publics” achieve?
                                            What does it stand for?


                            What did you learn about the role of bloggers in Iran?
                         What are key issues of discussion in the Iranian blogosphere?

What's the difference between a mass audience and Warner’s “public”?

How can Iran prevent its youth from dating on Facebook?
IRAN
                              Iran (formerly known internationally as Persia until 1935)


                                     Iran has a population of over seventy million.


                                  It has large reserves of petroleum and natural gas.


                       Iran is home to one of the world's oldest continuous major civilizations,
                            with historical and urban settlements dating back to 7000 BC.


quot;Persia's Constitutional Revolutionquot; established the nation's first parliament in 1906, within a constitutional monarchy.
             Iran officially became an Islamic republic on 1 April 1979, after the Iranian 1979 Revolution.


                                  The highest state authority is the Supreme Leader.
                          Shia Islam is the official religion and Persian is the official language.




                                                        http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran
Reporters Without
                                                                Borders:

                                                                • Iran is the “biggest prison for
                                                                journalists in the Middle East”

                                                                • increasing number bloggers
                                                                post anonymously

                                                                • more than 70 percent of
                                                                Iranian are under 30 years old




http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/a/ae/CIAIranKarteOelGas.jpg
                                                      http://www.humanrights-geneva.info/IRAN-Much-More-Than-Beards-and,543
Growth




         http://www.facebook.com/group.php?gid=22545778480
Social Media in Iran
Film Excerpts
Iran: The Next Iraq? (2007)
20 mins
Jon W. Anderson, quot;Internet Islam: New
Media of the Islamic Reformation,quot; Donna
Lee Bowen and Evelyn A. Early, Everyday
Life in the Muslim Middle East
(Bloomington: Indiana University Press,
2002) 300-304.

Babak Rahimi, quot;The Politics of the Internet in Iran,quot; Mehdi Semati, Media,
Culture and Society in Iran Living with globalization and the Islamic state
(London: Routledge, 2008) 36-56.
religious
  community
    online

  a space for
   alternative
interpretations
 of the Koran

and for religious
  community
Social Media in Iran
Social Media in Iran
Social Media in Iran
Film Excerpts
Film Excerpts:




                                  http://stfdocs.com/images/uploads/Iran.jpg
        Iran: A Cinematographic
           Revolution (2007)
discussion: taboos




Iran: A Cinematographic
Revolution (2007)
discussion: American influences




 Iran: A Cinematographic
 Revolution (2007)
discussion:




 Iran: A Cinematographic
 Revolution (2007)
discussion: closure of over 100 cinemas




 Iran: A Cinematographic
 Revolution (2007)
In November 2006, Iran was one of 13 countries
labeled quot;enemies of the internetquot; by activist group
           Reporters Without Borders.
               http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2006/dec/04/news.iran
discussion: director Abbas Kurastami




Iran: A Cinematographic
Revolution (2007)
Blogging
http://www.ahmadinejad.ir/
http://www.newsgroper.com/mahmoud-ahmadinejad
The Supreme Guide, Ali Khamenei, launched his own website, www.khamenei.ir, in May 2004.
Iran’s Revolutionary Guards Take on the Internet
                                            Guest Blogger Hamid Tehrani, Global Voices Iran Editor
                                            http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/idblog/2009/01/08/irans-revolutionary-guards-take-on-the-internet/




The Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps (IRGC) at the end of 2008 made a historic announcement: a project to
                           launch 10,000 blogs for the paramilitary Basij forces. (1)
http://feeds.technorati.com/blogs/www.iraniansblogs.com         http://www.iraniansblogs.com/          Blogs Opening Iranian Society?
                                                          http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iranian_Blogs   http://www.wired.com/culture/lifestyle/news/2003/05/58976

Blogs started in 2000 in Iran. Out of an estimated total of 100 million worldwide, of which about 40,000-110,000 are active,
                                        mostly written in Persian, the Iranian language.
While women are excluded
                                       from coffee houses,
                                       the Internet becomes a
                                       social milieu where women
                                       can speak.




http://iraniandoughter.blogspot.com/




http://iranian-girl.blogspot.com/
PersianBlog.ir and BlogSky, founded in 2002, were the first free blog services/blogware in Persian.
                                                                      PersianBlog.ir
                                                              http://blogsky.com/Home.bs


“The Internet has grown faster in Iran than any other Middle Eastern country since 2000 and has
become an important medium, providing fairly independent news and an arena for vigorous political
discussion for more than three million users.”




  http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=10733
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fih_IoYOrt8
http://iwillnotregistermysite.googlepages.com/
Iran also has between 20 and 30 major political websites, most of them

(such as www.emrooz.ws, blocked from inside Iran since February 2003) close to the reformist.
http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=10733
glacial speed of Internet makes downloading music or videos near impossible

“Owners of cybercafés, which are very popular with the young people, students and intellectuals,
especially in the capital, who are most of the country’s Internet users, ask customers to disconnect if
they catch them looking at ‘non-Islamic’ sites.”
http://www.takblog.ir/
Social Network of Iranian (Persian) Bloggers




                      http://www.jablogi.com/
Iran’s most popular blogs:




                         http://bamdad.blogspot.com/
Iran’s most popular blogs:




                         http://mehdi110.blogspot.com/
Iran’s most popular blogs:




           www.khabgard.com (publishes books banned by the regime)
Arrests of Bloggers
The information ministry boasts that it currently blocks access to hundreds of thousands of websites, especially those dealing in
 any way with sex but also those providing any kind of independent news. A score of bloggers were thrown in prison between
                                                     autumn 2004 and summer 2005.
                                                   http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=15613
                                                      Reporters without Borders 17.11.2005




       Iran: Four Journalists Sentenced to Prison, Floggings
     Four Years After Arrests, No Public Investigation of Abuse
                             Allegations
                                                             February 10, 2009
                                  http://www.hrw.org/en/news/2009/02/10/iran-four-journalists-sentenced-prison-floggings
According to the official charges, he was suspected of having insulted the
      head of state of Iran (the Supreme Leader), of quot;endangering national securityquot;
                          and of having quot;insulted the prophets.quot;

          He was found guilty on the charge of having insulted the Supreme Leader
                 and sentenced to two years and ten months' imprisonment.

        During his arrest, Saminejad has allegedly been held in solitary confinement
          for 88 days and subjected to beatings and torture. After 21 months, on
                      September 13, 2006 he was released from prison.


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mojtaba_Saminejad
Access, Filtering
http://advocacy.globalvoicesonline.org/projects/maps/
Filtering:


      Hal Roberts, Ethan Zuckerman, and John Palfrey,
      “2007 Circumvention Landscape Report:
      Methods, Uses, and Tools”
      <http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/publications/
      2009/2007_Circumvention_Landscape_Report>
http://hoder.com/weblog/


So Derakhshan, a 28-year-old Iranian expatriate now living in Toronto, Canada, ported some basic blogging tools
                    from ASCII to Unicode, enabling Iranians to blog in their own language.
                                      http://www.wired.com/culture/lifestyle/news/2003/05/58976
http://www.sifry.com/alerts/Slide0013-tm.png

blogosphere: posts by language (2006)



                                               http://meria.idc.ac.il/journal/2007/issue2/image002.gif

                                                 What is discussed on Iranian blogs?
discussion: ban of Salman Rushdie’s novel

                                                   ... a Shi'a Muslim scholar, issued a fatwa calling
                                                      on all good Muslims to kill Rushdie and his
                                                   publishers, or to point him out to those who
                                                         can kill him if they cannot themselves

                                                             http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/
                                                                february/14/newsid_2541000/2541149.stm



                               quot;A poet's work . . . to name the unnamable, to point at frauds, to take
                             sides, start arguments, shape the world and stop it from going to sleep.quot;

                                                    Source: Chapter 2, quot;Mahoundquot;


                              quot;Question: What is the opposite of faith? Not disbelief. Too final,
                              certain, closed. Itself a kind of belief. Doubt.quot;

                                                   Source: Chapter 2, quot;Mahoundquot;
“Something strange happened a few days ago:
YouTube and Facebook are not filtered anymore in Iran.”




           Somayeh Tohidloo, Iranian blogger                                     http://smto.ir/?p=1353
           http://globalvoicesonline.org/2009/02/07/iran-you-tube-and-face-book-are-not-filtered-anymore/
http://www.facebook.com/s.php?q=iran&sourceid=Mozilla-search&sid=e0dbd43c86ef7f8cd1410ba469e85575#/group.php?sid=e0dbd43c86ef7f8cd1410ba469e85575&gid=13769030279
Web gives a voice to Iranian women
Web gives a voice to Iranian women
 The web is providing a way for women in Iran to talk freely about taboo subjects such as sex and boyfriends.

quot;I could talk very freely and very frankly about things I could never talk about in any other place, about subjects
                        that are bannedquot; said one of the first women to start a blog in Iran.

                             Perhaps surprisingly, few of the blogs focus on politics.


    quot;It is social issues mostly,quot; said blogger Hossein
 Derakhshan, an Iranian journalist living in Canada, quot;the
 underground lives that Iranian youth have these days.
 Things like girlfriends, boyfriends, the music they listen
                    to, the films they see.quot;
                  Women in Iran cannot speak out frankly because of our Eastern culture and
                              there are some taboos such as talking about sex.




                                         http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/2044802.stm
http://www.campaign4equality.info/english/
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v7wIXWZ1oWg&eurl=http://www.campaign4equality.info/english/


                                                Change4equality
Iranians arrested for net dating




                     http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/2813953.stm



Dozens of young Iranians have been detained for quot;unlawful actionsquot; after using
a website to arrange dates, officials say.
Internet chat rooms provide a way for youngsters to talk freely about taboo subjects such as
sex.

“Dating is also forbidden. But here too, the youth are finding ways around it. ‘I
spend most of my free time chasing girls! This is what my friends and I do all
the time. But again we do it secretly and not out in the open,’ said Amir.”
                                                                          http://www.cbn.com/cbnnews/world/060620a.aspx


                                           audio
Revolutionary Association of
             the Women of Afghanistan
                                                                                       Parallels to RAWA:
   Opposes all forms of religious fundamentalism
   Founded 1977

             Why did this group of Afghan women
             decide to build a Website?
             The main reason for having a Website is to make
             people around the world aware of the untold
             atrocities committed by Islamic fundamentalists in our
             country. Since our site came into being it has been
             warmly welcomed by a great many number of people.
             A great number of people from the outside world
             who did not know anything about the situation of
             Afghanistan got their first glance of the ugly reality
             through our Website.

Has the Internet really changed what RAWA has been able to do?
Without the www it would have been extremely difficult for us to make ourselves seen and heard by a great many people who are
interested but don't know where to look. The Website has greatly promoted the dissemination of information regarding RAWA's
stand and goals to people around the world. Now if you search something on Afghanistan through any search engine e.g. Yahoo or
AltaVista, our site jumps to the eye as the most interesting one amongst whatever number of others there may be. The www has in
effect and to a large extent had a 'liberating' effect on us. Now thanks to e-mail we are able to communicate with all the world much
faster and much cheaper than we were able to in the past. Our Website allows anyone interested to access the crux of our
publications in English, and Internet allows us well-nigh unrestricted scope for looking around, finding, contacting and getting to
know other women's organizations and sharing our aims and objectives.

                                                 http://www.rawa.org/aboutcom.htm
http://www.rawa.org/index.php
Texting in Iran
Iranians’ Love-Affair With Texting
‫؛ ﭘﺪﯾﺪﻫﺎﯼ ﲤﺎﻡ ﻋﯿﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻧﺎﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ‬SMS ‫ﺟﻨﺒﺶ‬
               Parisa Dezfoulian | Tehran | 26 November 2007
   20 million text messages are sent within the country every day.




                   http://www.payvand.com/news/08/nov/1242.html
                    http://www.mianeh.net/en/articles/?aid=86
We Are Iran: The Persian Blogs by Nasrin Alavi   My Sister, Guard Your Veil; My Brother, Guard Your Eyes: Uncensored Iranian Voices
   (Soft Skull Press /November 28, 2005)                                        by Lila Azam Zanganeh
Trebor Scholz
scholzt@newschool.edu


Twitter: trebors
Blog: http://www.collectivate.net/journalisms
Delicious: http://del.icio.us/trebor
Flickr: http://flickr.com/photos/treborscholz
LibraryThing: http://www.librarything.com/profile/trebor
Social Media in Iran

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Social Media in Iran

  • 1. Global Internet Activism Week#6 Closed Cinemas, A Filtered Internet, Kurastami, Blogging about Sex and Music in Farsi: Social Media in Iran last update: March 12, 2009 Trebor Scholz | LCST 4014 A | Spring 2009
  • 2. Political Activism, Advocacy, and Art Activism week 2 week 1 Access, Censorship, Social Media, and the week 3 Alleged Democratization Citizen Media: from of Society Seattle to South Korea War and Social Media: Serbia week 5 week 4 War and Social Media: Iraq, Gaza week 6 Spring Break week 7 War and Social Media: Counter-publics Iran, Afghanistan in Iran week 8 week 9 Cell phone-enabled Citizen Media in China week 12 activism: Philippines Burma week 11 week 10 Japan, Singapore A Better World in Second Life? week 14 One Laptop Per Child week 13 Cyber Publics in India week 15 Mobilization Trebor Scholz | The New School University | LCST 4014 A | Spring 2009
  • 3. Iran week 6 March 3, 5 Required Reading: Jon W. Anderson, quot;Internet Islam: New Media of the Islamic Reformation,quot; Donna Lee Bowen and Evelyn A. Early, Everyday Life in the Muslim Middle East (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2002) 300-304. Suggested Readings: Hermida, Alfred. quot;BBC NEWS | Science/Nature | Web gives a voice to Iranian women.quot; BBC NEWS | News Front Page. 17 June 2002. 14 Jan. 2009 <http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/2044802.stm>. Delio, Michelle. quot;Blogs Opening Iranian Society?quot; Wired News. 28 May 2003. 14 Jan. 2009 <http://www.wired.com/ culture/lifestyle/news/2003/05/58976>. Trebor Scholz | LCST 4014 A | Spring 2009
  • 5. Draw links between fragments from Iranian films, the history of that country, Michael Warner’s essay Publics and Counterpublics, and RAWA (in Afghanistan). In which way do Iranian state policies regarding the Internet echo attitudes toward previous, older media? What are the at least three ways in which censorship of free speech is implemented in the Iranian Internet? What does the term “publics” achieve? What does it stand for? What did you learn about the role of bloggers in Iran? What are key issues of discussion in the Iranian blogosphere? What's the difference between a mass audience and Warner’s “public”? How can Iran prevent its youth from dating on Facebook?
  • 6. IRAN Iran (formerly known internationally as Persia until 1935) Iran has a population of over seventy million. It has large reserves of petroleum and natural gas. Iran is home to one of the world's oldest continuous major civilizations, with historical and urban settlements dating back to 7000 BC. quot;Persia's Constitutional Revolutionquot; established the nation's first parliament in 1906, within a constitutional monarchy. Iran officially became an Islamic republic on 1 April 1979, after the Iranian 1979 Revolution. The highest state authority is the Supreme Leader. Shia Islam is the official religion and Persian is the official language. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran
  • 7. Reporters Without Borders: • Iran is the “biggest prison for journalists in the Middle East” • increasing number bloggers post anonymously • more than 70 percent of Iranian are under 30 years old http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/a/ae/CIAIranKarteOelGas.jpg http://www.humanrights-geneva.info/IRAN-Much-More-Than-Beards-and,543
  • 8. Growth http://www.facebook.com/group.php?gid=22545778480
  • 11. Iran: The Next Iraq? (2007) 20 mins
  • 12. Jon W. Anderson, quot;Internet Islam: New Media of the Islamic Reformation,quot; Donna Lee Bowen and Evelyn A. Early, Everyday Life in the Muslim Middle East (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2002) 300-304. Babak Rahimi, quot;The Politics of the Internet in Iran,quot; Mehdi Semati, Media, Culture and Society in Iran Living with globalization and the Islamic state (London: Routledge, 2008) 36-56.
  • 13. religious community online a space for alternative interpretations of the Koran and for religious community
  • 18. Film Excerpts: http://stfdocs.com/images/uploads/Iran.jpg Iran: A Cinematographic Revolution (2007)
  • 19. discussion: taboos Iran: A Cinematographic Revolution (2007)
  • 20. discussion: American influences Iran: A Cinematographic Revolution (2007)
  • 21. discussion: Iran: A Cinematographic Revolution (2007)
  • 22. discussion: closure of over 100 cinemas Iran: A Cinematographic Revolution (2007)
  • 23. In November 2006, Iran was one of 13 countries labeled quot;enemies of the internetquot; by activist group Reporters Without Borders. http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2006/dec/04/news.iran
  • 24. discussion: director Abbas Kurastami Iran: A Cinematographic Revolution (2007)
  • 28. The Supreme Guide, Ali Khamenei, launched his own website, www.khamenei.ir, in May 2004.
  • 29. Iran’s Revolutionary Guards Take on the Internet Guest Blogger Hamid Tehrani, Global Voices Iran Editor http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/idblog/2009/01/08/irans-revolutionary-guards-take-on-the-internet/ The Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps (IRGC) at the end of 2008 made a historic announcement: a project to launch 10,000 blogs for the paramilitary Basij forces. (1)
  • 30. http://feeds.technorati.com/blogs/www.iraniansblogs.com http://www.iraniansblogs.com/ Blogs Opening Iranian Society? http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iranian_Blogs http://www.wired.com/culture/lifestyle/news/2003/05/58976 Blogs started in 2000 in Iran. Out of an estimated total of 100 million worldwide, of which about 40,000-110,000 are active, mostly written in Persian, the Iranian language.
  • 31. While women are excluded from coffee houses, the Internet becomes a social milieu where women can speak. http://iraniandoughter.blogspot.com/ http://iranian-girl.blogspot.com/
  • 32. PersianBlog.ir and BlogSky, founded in 2002, were the first free blog services/blogware in Persian. PersianBlog.ir http://blogsky.com/Home.bs “The Internet has grown faster in Iran than any other Middle Eastern country since 2000 and has become an important medium, providing fairly independent news and an arena for vigorous political discussion for more than three million users.” http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=10733
  • 35. Iran also has between 20 and 30 major political websites, most of them (such as www.emrooz.ws, blocked from inside Iran since February 2003) close to the reformist. http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=10733
  • 36. glacial speed of Internet makes downloading music or videos near impossible “Owners of cybercafés, which are very popular with the young people, students and intellectuals, especially in the capital, who are most of the country’s Internet users, ask customers to disconnect if they catch them looking at ‘non-Islamic’ sites.”
  • 38. Social Network of Iranian (Persian) Bloggers http://www.jablogi.com/
  • 39. Iran’s most popular blogs: http://bamdad.blogspot.com/
  • 40. Iran’s most popular blogs: http://mehdi110.blogspot.com/
  • 41. Iran’s most popular blogs: www.khabgard.com (publishes books banned by the regime)
  • 42. Arrests of Bloggers The information ministry boasts that it currently blocks access to hundreds of thousands of websites, especially those dealing in any way with sex but also those providing any kind of independent news. A score of bloggers were thrown in prison between autumn 2004 and summer 2005. http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=15613 Reporters without Borders 17.11.2005 Iran: Four Journalists Sentenced to Prison, Floggings Four Years After Arrests, No Public Investigation of Abuse Allegations February 10, 2009 http://www.hrw.org/en/news/2009/02/10/iran-four-journalists-sentenced-prison-floggings
  • 43. According to the official charges, he was suspected of having insulted the head of state of Iran (the Supreme Leader), of quot;endangering national securityquot; and of having quot;insulted the prophets.quot; He was found guilty on the charge of having insulted the Supreme Leader and sentenced to two years and ten months' imprisonment. During his arrest, Saminejad has allegedly been held in solitary confinement for 88 days and subjected to beatings and torture. After 21 months, on September 13, 2006 he was released from prison. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mojtaba_Saminejad
  • 46. Filtering: Hal Roberts, Ethan Zuckerman, and John Palfrey, “2007 Circumvention Landscape Report: Methods, Uses, and Tools” <http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/publications/ 2009/2007_Circumvention_Landscape_Report>
  • 47. http://hoder.com/weblog/ So Derakhshan, a 28-year-old Iranian expatriate now living in Toronto, Canada, ported some basic blogging tools from ASCII to Unicode, enabling Iranians to blog in their own language. http://www.wired.com/culture/lifestyle/news/2003/05/58976
  • 48. http://www.sifry.com/alerts/Slide0013-tm.png blogosphere: posts by language (2006) http://meria.idc.ac.il/journal/2007/issue2/image002.gif What is discussed on Iranian blogs?
  • 49. discussion: ban of Salman Rushdie’s novel ... a Shi'a Muslim scholar, issued a fatwa calling on all good Muslims to kill Rushdie and his publishers, or to point him out to those who can kill him if they cannot themselves http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/ february/14/newsid_2541000/2541149.stm quot;A poet's work . . . to name the unnamable, to point at frauds, to take sides, start arguments, shape the world and stop it from going to sleep.quot; Source: Chapter 2, quot;Mahoundquot; quot;Question: What is the opposite of faith? Not disbelief. Too final, certain, closed. Itself a kind of belief. Doubt.quot; Source: Chapter 2, quot;Mahoundquot;
  • 50. “Something strange happened a few days ago: YouTube and Facebook are not filtered anymore in Iran.” Somayeh Tohidloo, Iranian blogger http://smto.ir/?p=1353 http://globalvoicesonline.org/2009/02/07/iran-you-tube-and-face-book-are-not-filtered-anymore/
  • 52. Web gives a voice to Iranian women
  • 53. Web gives a voice to Iranian women The web is providing a way for women in Iran to talk freely about taboo subjects such as sex and boyfriends. quot;I could talk very freely and very frankly about things I could never talk about in any other place, about subjects that are bannedquot; said one of the first women to start a blog in Iran. Perhaps surprisingly, few of the blogs focus on politics. quot;It is social issues mostly,quot; said blogger Hossein Derakhshan, an Iranian journalist living in Canada, quot;the underground lives that Iranian youth have these days. Things like girlfriends, boyfriends, the music they listen to, the films they see.quot; Women in Iran cannot speak out frankly because of our Eastern culture and there are some taboos such as talking about sex. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/2044802.stm
  • 56. Iranians arrested for net dating http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/2813953.stm Dozens of young Iranians have been detained for quot;unlawful actionsquot; after using a website to arrange dates, officials say. Internet chat rooms provide a way for youngsters to talk freely about taboo subjects such as sex. “Dating is also forbidden. But here too, the youth are finding ways around it. ‘I spend most of my free time chasing girls! This is what my friends and I do all the time. But again we do it secretly and not out in the open,’ said Amir.” http://www.cbn.com/cbnnews/world/060620a.aspx audio
  • 57. Revolutionary Association of the Women of Afghanistan Parallels to RAWA: Opposes all forms of religious fundamentalism Founded 1977 Why did this group of Afghan women decide to build a Website? The main reason for having a Website is to make people around the world aware of the untold atrocities committed by Islamic fundamentalists in our country. Since our site came into being it has been warmly welcomed by a great many number of people. A great number of people from the outside world who did not know anything about the situation of Afghanistan got their first glance of the ugly reality through our Website. Has the Internet really changed what RAWA has been able to do? Without the www it would have been extremely difficult for us to make ourselves seen and heard by a great many people who are interested but don't know where to look. The Website has greatly promoted the dissemination of information regarding RAWA's stand and goals to people around the world. Now if you search something on Afghanistan through any search engine e.g. Yahoo or AltaVista, our site jumps to the eye as the most interesting one amongst whatever number of others there may be. The www has in effect and to a large extent had a 'liberating' effect on us. Now thanks to e-mail we are able to communicate with all the world much faster and much cheaper than we were able to in the past. Our Website allows anyone interested to access the crux of our publications in English, and Internet allows us well-nigh unrestricted scope for looking around, finding, contacting and getting to know other women's organizations and sharing our aims and objectives. http://www.rawa.org/aboutcom.htm
  • 60. Iranians’ Love-Affair With Texting ‫؛ ﭘﺪﯾﺪﻫﺎﯼ ﲤﺎﻡ ﻋﯿﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻧﺎﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ‬SMS ‫ﺟﻨﺒﺶ‬ Parisa Dezfoulian | Tehran | 26 November 2007 20 million text messages are sent within the country every day. http://www.payvand.com/news/08/nov/1242.html http://www.mianeh.net/en/articles/?aid=86
  • 61. We Are Iran: The Persian Blogs by Nasrin Alavi My Sister, Guard Your Veil; My Brother, Guard Your Eyes: Uncensored Iranian Voices (Soft Skull Press /November 28, 2005) by Lila Azam Zanganeh
  • 62. Trebor Scholz scholzt@newschool.edu Twitter: trebors Blog: http://www.collectivate.net/journalisms Delicious: http://del.icio.us/trebor Flickr: http://flickr.com/photos/treborscholz LibraryThing: http://www.librarything.com/profile/trebor