Genetic Manipulation Of The Mouse
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An introduction to the techniques of genetic manipulation of the mouse relevant to developmental biology. First presented at CHOP 9/30/2009.
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Genetic Manipulation Of The Mouse
- 1. Genetic Manipulation of the Mouse in Developmental Cardiology Fraz Ahmed Ismat, MD Clinical Associate in Pediatrics The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia
- 2. Forward Genetic Screens Embryo & Direct Tissue Genetic Manipulation Manipulation Population Analysis
- 3. fly mouse zebrafish Forward Genetic frog mouse Screens Embryo & Direct Tissue Genetic Manipulation Manipulation chick chick Population zebrafish Analysis human
- 4. mouse Direct Genetic Manipulation
- 5. Types of Genetic Manipulation in Mouse Transgenics Random Insertion Homologous Targeted Recombination Modification
- 6. Reasons for Genetic Manipulation in Mouse 1) Similarity to People (anatomically, anyway) Global 2) Disruption of Normal Genes Selective 3) “Lineage Tracing”
- 7. Transgenics in Mouse “foo” promoter “bar” gene
- 8. Transgenics in Mouse “foo” promoter “bar” gene “foo” domain “bar” expresion
- 9. Transgenics in Mouse tissue-specific foo? time-specific drug-induced “foo” promoter “bar” gene “bar” “foo” domain expression
- 10. Transgenics in Mouse tissue-specific GFP LacZ foo? time-specific Gene change bar? drug-induced ?other “foo” promoter “bar” gene “bar” “foo” domain expression
- 11. Transgenics in Mouse Limitations 1) Limited knowledge of the promoter (NFATc1 enhancer) 2) No regulation of insertion site (CCS-LacZ) 3) What happens to daughter cells?
- 12. Homologous Recombination I A B C D Genomic Locus Targeting Insert Vector A′ B′ C′ D′ Recombined Insert Locus A B C D
- 13. Homologous Recombination II Genomic 5′ arm 3′ arm Locus negative 5′ arm Insert neo 3′ arm tox selection positive selection
- 14. Homologous Recombination II Genomic 5′ arm 3′ arm Locus negative 5′ arm Insert neo 3′ arm tox selection positive selection no insertion death
- 15. Homologous Recombination II Genomic 5′ arm 3′ arm Locus negative 5′ arm Insert neo 3′ arm tox selection positive selection random insertion no insertion negative selector death death
- 16. Homologous Recombination II probe probe Genomic 5′ arm 3′ arm Locus negative 5′ arm Insert neo 3′ arm tox selection positive selection random insertion no insertion targeted insertion +neo R -tox negative selector death survival death
- 17. From Target to Mouse (in only a few years…)
- 18. From Target to Mouse (in only a few years…) vector es cells
- 19. From Target to Mouse (in only a few years…) vector es cells blastocyst targeted cells
- 20. From Target to Mouse (in only a few years…) vector es cells blastocyst targeted cells implanted into surrogate
- 21. From Target to Mouse (in only a few years…) vector es cells blastocyst targeted cells implanted into chimeric wild type surrogate offspring
- 22. From Target to Mouse (in only a few years…) vector es cells blastocyst targeted cells germline! implanted into chimeric wild type surrogate offspring
- 23. From Target to Mouse (in only a few years…) vector es cells null! blastocyst targeted cells germline! implanted into chimeric wild type surrogate offspring
- 24. Homologous Recombination III What can the insertion consist of? bar bar bar-null allele bar mutant bar (point mutation, dominant negative, gain-of-function,…) “foo” substitution foo (alternate gene, marker,…) bar “floxed” bar ? what?
- 25. What is “floxed” for? loxP site “floxed” bar bar “flanked” by loxP sites (i.e. “floxed”) In combination with Cre Recombinase… CONDITIONAL KNOCKOUT!
- 26. Conditional Knockouts bar foo cre bar
- 27. Conditional Knockouts bar foo cre bar bar tissue-specific bar time- LacZ “foo” specific “bar” knockout specific bar bar′ drug-induced
- 28. “Lineage Tracing” (foo-cre × Rosa-LacZ)
- 29. “Lineage Tracing” (foo-cre × Rosa-LacZ) “foo” expression Daughter cells express LacZ with or without “foo” expression Tissue of also expreses “foo”, interest but outside of our tissue of interest
- 30. “Lineage Tracing” (foo-LacZ) “foo” expression Daughter cells only express LacZ concurrent with Tissue of “foo” Still interest expressing “foo”
- 31. Examples of Mouse techniques Transgenics Pax3 NC enahncer Knockout Nf1 knockout(s) “Knock-in” Hop-LacZ Pax3-cre KI Shp2 D61G (Brain, neural crest, CKO Nf1-flox endothelium, SMC, myocardium) “Lineage Tracing” ROSA26-LacZ (+cre lines)
- 32. Current Problems OVERLAP of two (or more) regions (e.g. Neural crest & secondary heart field) Reliability of current-generation reporters (e.g. ROSA26 vs. GATA4-Flap) TRUE lineage tracing