1.
回首十年的自由開源授權研究
葛冬梅 Florence T.M. Ko
florence / tmk2005
法政研究 自由軟體鑄造場
http://tw.linkedin.com/in/florencetmko

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CC BY 4.0

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http://www.openfoundry.org/tw/law-and-licensing

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© Joey Gannon. This photo is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 2.0 Generic and available at:
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ninja_The_Last_Thing_You_See.jpg

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2005 年 4 月 1 日
愚人節

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自由軟體？ ？啥
GPL ？ ？啥

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http://www.openfoundry.org/tw/legal-column-list/515--fortinet-gpl-
http://www.openfoundry.org/tw/legal-column-list/525--gnugpl

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http://www.oreilly.com/openbook/opensources/book/
http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/philosophy.html

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GPL-2.0 Sec. 2 Para. 2:
“These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If
identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the
Program, and can be reasonably considered independent and
separate works in themselves, then this License, and its terms,
do not apply to those sections when you distribute them as
separate works. But when you distribute the same sections as
part of a whole which is a work based on the Program, the
distribution of the whole must be on the terms of this License,
whose permissions for other licensees extend to the entire
whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote
it.”
GPL-2.0 衍生程式 (Derivative Work)

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散布 GPL-2.0 目的碼 (Object Code)
提供相對應的程式源碼 (Source Code)

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未修改原程式
修改產生衍生程式 (Derivative Work)

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Strictly Copyleft 示意圖： GPL 為例 1/3
新程式
利用
GPL 程式

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Strictly Copyleft 示意圖： GPL 為例 2/3
利用 / 運作關係密切
GPL 程式
新程式→
GPL 衍生程式

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Strictly Copyleft 示意圖： GPL 為例 3/3
散布時必須提供程式源碼
GPL 程式
新程式→
GPL 衍生程式
利用 / 運作關係密切

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包含 GPL-2.0 程式碼商業產品
→ GPL-2.0 衍生程式
無法提供所有源碼 → 侵權利用

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實務應用上
衍生程式的界定通常並非如此輕易
前所未有的軟體授權內容
規定抽象

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2006 年開始
侵權糾紛諮詢服務

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2009 年： BusyBox 在美國控告 14 公司

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To be derivative work or
not to be derivative work,
that's the question.

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沒有法院判決對此有實質討論
沒有明確的判決按例可以參考

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GPL-2.0 Sec. 2 Para. 2:
“These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If
identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the
Program, and can be reasonably considered independent and
separate works in themselves, then this License, and its terms,
do not apply to those sections when you distribute them as
separate works. But when you distribute the same sections as
part of a whole which is a work based on the Program, the
distribution of the whole must be on the terms of this License,
whose permissions for other licensees extend to the entire
whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote
it.”
GPL-2.0 衍生程式 (Derivative Work)

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抽象的文意
模糊的界定範圍

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本圖下載於下列網頁中，於推廣演講中主張合理使用，請使用者勿更行使用：
http://blog.legal solutions.thomsonreuters.com/legal-research/markman-orders-on-westlaw-enhanced/

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本圖下載於下列網頁中，於推廣演講中主張合理使用，請使用者勿更行使用：
http://www.amazon.de/kommentiert-erkl%C3%A4rt-Institut-Rechtsfragen-Freien/dp/3897213893

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GPL-2.0 Sec. 2 Para. 2:
“These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If
identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the
Program, and can be reasonably considered independent and
separate works in themselves, then this License, and its terms,
do not apply to those sections when you distribute them as
separate works. But when you distribute the same sections as
part of a whole which is a work based on the Program, the
distribution of the whole must be on the terms of this License,
whose permissions for other licensees extend to the entire
whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote
it.”
GPL-2.0 衍生程式 (derivative work) 規定
有字天書

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接觸國際資源
取得第一手資訊

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本圖下載於下列網頁中，於推廣演講中主張合理使用，請使用者勿更行使用：
http://mag.cnyes.com/Content/20081225/024AAC99736145AA9AA2C6DB5AEEA96E.shtml
Harald Welte

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http://gpl-violations.org/

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Welte 案件群 (4/6)
Welte案件群
時間 案件 國家
2004年5月 Welte v. Sitecom（假處分裁定） 德國
2005年4月 Welte v. Fortinet（假處分裁定） 德國
2006年9月 Welte v. D-Link（一審定讞） 德國
2008年5月 Welte v. Skype（上訴撤回，一審定讞。） 德國
2011年6月 AVM v. Cybits（Welte為訴訟參與人，二審定讞。） 德國
2013年2月 Welte v. Fantec（2013年6月，一審勝訴。） 德國
● 侵害 Harald Welte 程式的著作權。
● 其他歐洲開發者之程式著作權受到侵害，委託 Harald
Welte 代為處理。

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Shane Coughlan
本圖下載於下列網頁中，於推廣演講中主張合理使用，請使用者勿更行使用：
https://twitter.com/opendawn

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https://fsfe.org/activities/ftf/network.en.html

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授權法律討論社群
以邀請制為主不公開社群

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Chatham House Rule
When a meeting, or part thereof, is held under the
Chatham House Rule, participants are free to use the
information received, but neither the identity nor the
affiliation of the speaker(s), nor that of any other
participant, may be revealed.
http://www.chathamhouse.org/about/chatham-house-rule
https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%BC%86%E5%92%B8%E6%A8%93

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可以自由利用資訊
但是不能洩漏
與會者、資訊提供者或相關組織

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家醜不外揚

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爭議性、商業機密
不公開討論 → 暢所欲言

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公司法務、律師、教授、研究人員
關心授權議題的開發者
商業公司法務長 / 人員居多
其餘其次

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http://www.openfoundry.org/tw/activities/details/115-the-rule-of-the-GPL-and-Its-compliance-engineering
http://www.openfoundry.org/tw/activities/details/182-open-source-
innovation-patents-and-the-android-platform-in-perspective

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Eben Moglen
© Karora. This photo is licensed under CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication and available at:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Eben_Moglen,_2010-08-05.jpg

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https://www.softwarefreedom.org/about/team/

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● Free Software Legal and Licensing Workshop - FSFE, Europe
● Open Compliance Summit - Linux Foundation, Japan
● FOSS Conference Korea - KOSS Law Center, Korea
● Asia Legal Network – OIN/Linux Foundation/FSFE, Asia

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→ 參與活動
→ 拓展人脈
→ 獲得資訊
→ 散布資訊

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「一位具有侵權執行經驗的
開發者認為 ... 」
「國外有專家認為 ... 」

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GPL-2.0 Sec. 2 Para. 2:
“These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If
identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the
Program, and can be reasonably considered independent and
separate works in themselves, then this License, and its terms,
do not apply to those sections when you distribute them as
separate works. But when you distribute the same sections as
part of a whole which is a work based on the Program, the
distribution of the whole must be on the terms of this License,
whose permissions for other licensees extend to the entire
whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote
it.”
GPL-2.0 衍生程式 (derivative work) 規定
有字天書

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→ 參與活動
→ 拓展人脈人脈
→ 獲得資訊
→ 散布資訊

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https://www.softwarefreedom.org/about/team/

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© Shane Coughlan, CC BY-ND 3.0
Unported License. The chart is at p18 of the
slide “Licensing Compliance as Business
Intelligence”, avaiable at:
http://www.openfoundry.org/slides-
download/cat_view/35---/330-2010/356-
0511 .

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Title:/home/lucien/Downloads/FOSS-GP-0
Creator:Dia v0.97.1
CreationDate:Mon Jun 11 15:37:18 2012
© Shane Coughlan 2012, with thanks to
Royal Phillips Electronics, released under
the Creative Commons Attribution-No
Derivative works 3.0 Unported License.
(The “Free Software” in the original chart
is replaced with “FOSS” to be in
accordance with the term used in the
Chinese article “FOSS Governance
Process” by Florence T.M. Ko, which is
available at:
http://www.openfoundry.org/tw/legal-
column-list/8625-foss-governance-
process.).

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http://www.openfoundry.org/tw/legal-column-list/2277--busybox-

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法律科學
落後科學

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被動學術研究方式 ✘
主動拓展資訊管道 ✔

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「革命尚未成功、同志仍需努力」
還須努力！

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Copyright Notice
● Except where otherwise noted, content on this slide is licensed under a
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International.
● You are welcome to modify, reproduce and distribute any part of this file.
Name of the original author, the title and date of this presentation must
accompany the reproduction and/or distribution.
著作權聲明
● 除另有聲明外，本簡報內容採用 創用CC「姓名標示」4.0 國際版本 授權。
● 歡迎重製、散布或修改本簡報的內容，但請標明原作者姓名、本簡報標題以及演
講日期。

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http://www.slideshare.net/tmk2005

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謝謝聆聽 問題討論