2. Why Study An Ancient
Culture?
• a) Because our own country is geographically close to
that ancient culture
•b) Because the ancient culture influenced modern line
•c) Because the ancient culture influence our own
country in particular
•d) Because the ancient culture is interesting
•e) Because we can learn things from the ancient culture
•f) Because the country of the ancient culture is now
powerful
11. Shi Huangdi
• Non fiction: Something (an idea, event or
person) / happened / but (there was a problem) or
moreover (extra details) / so (what was the
outcome)
12. Shi Huangdi
Before its unification under Qin Shihuangdi, its First Emperor (259 – 210 BC), China
was made up of seven major states which were often at war with each other, vying for
power and supremacy. Historians call this time the Warring States period (475 – 221
BC). The First Emperor’s ancestors were from a small state in the far west of the
region called Qin (pronounced chin). The Qin were horse breeders for the ruling Zhou
people (pronounced joe). After the Zhou gave them land for the task, they began to
organise themselves and develop political skills. They gradually assumed power, giving
their leaders the title of ‘Duke of Qin’ and then in 325 BC raising it to ‘King of
Qin’.When they conquered and occupied the lands that belonged to the Zhou, the
Kings of Qin also felt they had inherited the right to rule from them. That feeling fuelled
the ambition of the 13 year old boy Ying Zheng, who became King of Qin in 246 BC. In
221 BC the King of Qin defeated the last of the Warring States and gave his state’s
name to the unified empire. Historians believe that this is the origin of the western word
China.He chose a new title for himself: Qin Shihuangdi, which means First August and
Divine Emperor of Qin:‘First’ because he planned a long line of successors
‘August and Divine’ as he was now equal to a god
‘Emperor’ to separate himself from his ancestors who were only kings and dukes, and
align himself with mythical emperors of the past.
15. Explain Back
Qin Shi Huang conquered all opposing states and unified China in 221 BCE, establishing the Qin Dynasty.
Intending to impose centralized rule and prevent the resurgence of feudal lords, he ordered the
destruction of the wall sections that divided his empire along the former state borders. To protect the
empire against intrusions by the Xiongnu people from the north, he ordered the building of a new wall to
connect the remaining fortifications along the empire's new northern frontier. Transporting the large
quantity of materials required for construction was difficult, so builders always tried to use local
resources. Stones from the mountains were used over mountain ranges, while rammed earth was used
for construction in the plains. There are no surviving historical records indicating the exact length and
course of the Qin Dynasty walls. Most of the ancient walls have eroded away over the centuries, and very
few sections remain today. The human cost of the construction is unknown, but it has been estimated by
some authors that hundreds of thousands,[13] if not up to a million, workers died building the Qin wall.
[14][15] Later, the Han, Sui, and Northern dynasties all repaired, rebuilt, or expanded sections of the
Great Wall at great cost to defend themselves against northern invaders.[16]
16. Explain Back
1.Explain a concept back without using certain key words that were used to explain the concept in the first
place (i.e explain what a symbol means, an issue is - and then ask students to explain it back in different
words)
2.Explain a concept back using different examples (i.e this is an example of the issue, or character - explain it
back to me using one of these different examples)
3.Explain a concept back using a non-example. A non-example is an example that could be mistaken for an
example - but is actually not an example. Give students a list of examples (of symbols, techniques, issues
etc...) and non-examples - and ask them to explain why one is an example and another isn’t.
4.Ask students to read content and then explain the main points by creating a flow chart or map
5.Ask students to explain back concepts in picture format, as an annotated picture or as a comic.
6.Ask students to verbally explain back content. For homework they need to explain content or a process to
someone else.
7.Ask students to create a vodcast of themselves explaining content or demonstrating a procedure. Students
can use the web tool Screen-Cast-O-Matic to record themselves and anything on their computer screen:
http://www.screencast-o-matic.com/.