On play and its light and dark side, how public service institutions should respond to the diversity of the web. Delivered by Pat Kane of The Play Ethic (patkane@theplayethic.com)

1. The value of play The ambiguity of play [email_address]

2. The value of play The ambiguity of play - It’s our primary adaptive response as advanced mammals - It’s our most appropriate way of operating in the network society - It’s a display of ‘soft power’, both domestically and globally -It is essentially amoral/multi-moral -It is an energy to be contained, as much as expressed -Play is not ethical, but requires an ethics

3. ‘ Pokemon Theme Song’, Anthony Pedilla & Ian Hecox, 28.11.05 Second most viewed ever on YouTube: 19,836,641

4. Circle Circle Dot Dot - Jamie Kennedy and Stu Stone (2006) Views on YouTube: 2,562,563 (No.2 December 2006)

5. ‘ Dirty Kuffar’ Sheikh Terra and the Soul Salah Crew (2004) YouTube viewers: 8,896 (uploaded November 2006)

6. Bluetoothed to Pat Kane’s phone, 21.12.06, Princes Square, Glasgow

7. YouTube (and the Net in general) is a ‘playground’, a ‘ground of play’ What sustains a playground? Law? Custom? Culture? Its design and affordances? Rules of each game? What kind of playground, or ‘ground of play’, should the BBC be? Given the essential ambiguity and potentiality of play…

16. Need to revise that … ‘Jihad via YouTube’ Benjamin Barber … ‘Jihad versus McWorld’ We could as easily have… ‘Itijihad via YouTube’ (answer video, comments) How can such an obvious play-form as ‘Dirty Kuffar’ preach iconoclasm and Western image decadence ? It is another form of play - but how to recognise it? We are on a common global ground of play, as players - but we need better theories of play than just ‘free play against authority and order’

17. Brian Sutton-Smith, The Ambiguity of Play (Harvard 1997) Best grounded theory of play I can find…. For complex mammals, humans most of all, play is ‘adaptive potentiation’ It keeps us flexible and full of possibilities, in the face of our struggles to survive and prosper in our social and natural worlds

18. “ Play, as a model of evolutionary selection, engenders variable contingencies (uncertainties and risks) for the purpose of exercising selective control over them in fictive or factual terms. It is a mastery process creatively derived from the the exigencies of the evolutionary predicament” (p.229) “ I define play as a virtual simulation characterised by staged contingencies of variation, with opportunites for control engendered by either mastery or further chaos. Clearly the primary motive of players is the stylized performance of existential themes that mimic or mock the uncertainties and risks of survival and, in so doing, engage the propensities of mind, body and cells in exciting forms of arousal…” “ Play is also a lifelong simulation of the key neonatal characteristics of unrealistic optimism, egocentricity and reactivity, all of which are guarantors of persistence in the face of adversity” (p.231)

19. Modern Play as progress – we adapt and develop through play Play as selfhood – play as an expression of voluntary freedom Play as imaginary – play as symbolic transformation, mental energy Ancient Play as power – we contest and compete with others – in sports and games, in theatres of power Play as identity – the play-forms we use to confirm membership in a community – carnival, ritual, festival Play as fate and chaos – the sense that we are played by forces greater than ourselves, not accessible to reason Play as frivolity – play as laughter, subversion, tomfoolery Brian Sutton-Smith - the seven rhetorics of play

20. But it is a HORIZONTAL model - like Gardner’s ‘multiple intelligences’ - and doesn’t account for the tangled ‘play-forms’ of YouTube (from Pokemon to Jihad), mingling modern and ancient forms almost chaotically Sutton-Smith’s theories help us to establish the legitimacy, diversity and constitutive reality of the ‘ground of play’ in world society - it encompasses the extremes and subtleties of the human condition Can we think of play VERTICALLY as well - more developed and expansive forms of play and player? How do we nuture the new ‘lego’ [Danish, ‘play well’]?

21. Unitive player Dynamic player Sensitive player Complex player Status player Ordered player Aggressive player Magical player From ‘Are We Having Fun Yet? An integral investigation of the transformative power of play’, Gwen Gordon and Sean Esbjörn-Hargens, Play and Culture Studies Vol. 8 .

22. From ‘Are We Having Fun Yet? An integral investigation of the transformative power of play’, Gwen Gordon and Sean Esbjörn-Hargens, Play and Culture Studies Vol. 8 .

23. A ‘play ethic’ is not just a euphoric celebration of play… … but an approach to the composition of a meaningful life, faced by a society of play and players Robert Kagan talks of being ‘In Over Our Heads’ - incredibly evolved (and evolving) tools and technologies, but with our values, ethics and consciousness struggling to catch up This is mostly where we are with digital games - incredible synthetic words dramatising school bullies, LA pimps or trivial celebrity narratives… But can interaction design at the BBC be more/better?

24. Q1: Who takes responsibility for the development and growth of players (rather than workers)? Q2: What are the means and techniques that enable development-through-play? A1: The BBC (or maybe the BIC)? A2: Interaction design?

25. The day my technophilia finally evaporated: Steve Jobs pranking Starbucks with his I-Phone, Jan 2007

26. Always the possibility of new secondary markets though…

29. The value of play The ambiguity of play [email_address] www.theplayethic.com