3. Evapotranspiración del agua incorporándola a la atmósfera. 1 Condensación del vapor de agua, que al ascender se enfría y se condensa, originando gotitas que forman las nubes. 2 Precipitación . Las nubes son arrastradas por el viento y al enfriarse caen sobre la superficie en forma de lluvia, nieve o granizo. 3 4 Escorrentía e infiltración . El agua precipitada forma corrientes o se infiltra en el terreno formando aguas subterráneas.
68. RESIDUOS SÓLIDOS URBANOS FRACCIONES (%) Materia orgánica 44,09 Papel y cart ó n 21,16 Pl á sticos 10,57 Vidrios 6,88 F é rricos 3,34 No f é rricos 0,78 Madera 0,96 Textiles 4,82 Gomas 1,02 Pilas 0,16 Otros 6,22 TOTAL 100
69. RESIDUOS SÓLIDOS URBANOS FRACCIONES (%) Materia orgánica 44,09 Papel y cart ó n 21,16 Pl á sticos 10,57 Vidrios 6,88 F é rricos 3,34 No f é rricos 0,78 Madera 0,96 Textiles 4,82 Gomas 1,02 Pilas 0,16 Otros 6,22 TOTAL 100
71. M.O. Compostaje Planta Tratamiento de RSU CICLO DE RSU Materia y energía 420Kg/hab/año Recogida selectiva (vidrio, papel,pilas) Vertidos incontrolados 3,26% Planta Transferencia Vertedero Controlado Vida media: 20-30 años Lixiviados Metano (energía eléctrica) Plástico Papel-cartón Metal Inertes
72.
73. BOSQUES PRIMARIOS Grandes extensiones de bosque, testigos de lo que fueron los bosques originales del planeta y que no han sido transformadas o alteradas por la actividad humana industrial.
74. * Acogen la mitad de especies terrestres. * Y millones de variedades de especies únicas. * Son el hogar de comunidades indígenas y poblaciones tradicionales con sus lenguas, culturas...
75. El 80% han sido ya destruidos o alterados. El 20% restante está amenazado por: * Explotación petrolífera * Minería. * Grandes embalses. * Infraestructuras. * Explotación forestal a gran escala (muchas veces ilegal).
76. * En España no quedan bosques primarios. * Sólo pequeñas superficies en zonas del Pirineo o la Cordillera Cantábrica. * Son bosques viejos y maduros a conservar por la biodiversidad que albergan.
103. Sólo sobrevive el 1% de las especies que alguna vez han poblado la Tierra.
104.
105.
106.
107.
108.
109.
110.
111.
Editor's Notes
This is the Prestige: it’s broken in two parts. It was floating like this several days like this before it sank to the buttom of the sea. Many oil spills are caused by accidents of oil ships. But there are other important causes.
This is an oil platform inside the sea. If it suffers an accident it can cause an oil spill too. One of these towers was sank at the Brasilian coast two years ago.
Look this ship spilling oil. Sometimes it’s an accident but sometimes it’s due to the cleaning works inside the ship. It’s forbidden; they must clean it at the ports but they do because it is cheaper. Most of the oil pollution in our seas is not accidental but deliberated. Coasts of Cadiz suffered this pollution because there a many ships sailing at the Strait of Gibraltar. In Algeciras Bay fuel is transfered from a ship that works at a petrol station to others ships travelling through the Strait of Gibraltar.
This slide summarise the information of the previous pictures. Students can copy it.
Now we are going to study the consequences of an oil spill, like the Prestige disaster.
Firs of all, consequences on the living beings. Marine birds die becouse of the oil. Their bodies get dirty and they can fly. Some of them can be recued and cleaned but most of them die.
Many fishs also die. They take oil that is a poison for them. So many animals die impregnated and poisoned but many others are going to die slowly not directly taking oil.
A big fish can be eating during a long time but if its food is poisoned that big fish will get ill soon. Look at the big fish eating a medium fish and this one eating a smaller one. But, what do they eat? They eat plancton.
Plancton is made by very small living beings floating in the water. We can’t see them. We need a microscope. Here you can see some species, they ara tiny algae (seaweed). They need solar light to live and they are the food for very small animals...
These little animals are also part of the plancton. They eat tiny algae and they are the main food for other animals like fish, shells, sea urchin... Remember plancton is the food for whales, too.
Oil floats so there is a layer of oil upon the water. This is a problem because this layer prevent light to go into the water. So tiny algae can’t get light to do photosynthesis and if there are no placton there are neither other animals. Besides oxgyen can’t get into the water and animals can’t breathe.
Galicia is very famous because of its seafood. Here you can see mussel (mejillón), crabs (cangrejos) and some prawns (gambas, king prawn=langostinos).
Here we can see a woman collecting mussels. Mussels use to live on the rocks at the cost. They need clean water and very lively water (rough sea). You can collect them when tide is down. How did the oil spill affect them?
Here are mussels covered by a dirty black substance? What’s that? Would you eat these mussels? People who collect them have been out of working during months and, in some places, they aren’t collecting mussels yet.
A beach in Galicia. Althoug galician climate is not so warm as Andalusian one many people like goint to these beaches in Summer. It’s an attractive place for tourists who likes fresh weather. Besides there area many interesting monuments in Galicia, above all, churches, convents and monasteries built up in the Middle Ages.
Do you think tourists like going to this beach?
Floating barriers to round the oil spot. Then we can aspire the oil and get it out by ship.
These are machines to aspirate oil from the sea.
When the oil spot is too big you can’t round it with barriers. The spot caused by Prestige was too big. It affected Spain, Portugal and France. Barriers were use to avoid oil to arrive some interesting places like Rías Gallegas.
These are fishing ships plenty of oil. These fishermen went out to sea to collect oil. They didn´t wanted the oil arrived the coast. Oil is bad on the high seas but it is worse on the coast. So they caught the oil as they could. Often using a simple shovel (pala). Imagine a man with a shovel in the middle of the sea. Then they came back to the port and unloaded the oil.
And when the beach seemed to be clean they found more and more little “biscuits” of oil (fuel was very dense). Sometime under a very clean layer of sand there were many biscuits. Cleaning the beach was a very hard work but imaging cleaning the rocks.....
That was a terrible job. Days and days and you harly see the difference. Fuel was like glue. How many days will you need to clean these stones only with your hands?
Another bucket (cubo).
Team work
When the beaches were clean (more or less), they have to follow cleaning the rocks. Now with water in pressure (agua a presión)
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