Design Research on Media Tools
for Reflection in Learning
Anna Keune, Teemu Leinonen, Jukka Purma
Aalto University
School of Arts, Design and Architecture

Teemu Leinonen
Associate Professor,
New Media Design and
Learning
Learning Environments
Research Group (LeGroup),
Media Lab Helsinki
Designer:
web / mobile and learning
Education / learning science
> New Media
> Design
> Design Methodology

New Media Design and Learning
Why design?
What is design?

Designer / artist
. . . focuses on experiences,
. . . the future experiences,
. . . to design them.

Design researher
. . . do stuff,
. . . be experimental,
. . . be avant-garde.

Agenda
1. The Media Tools (prototypes) for Reflection in Learning
3. Reflection in Learning
5. The Design Research Process
7. Analyzes (and Reflection) on the Media Tools (prototypes)

Agenda
1. The Media Tools (prototypes) for Reflection in Learning
3. Reflection in Learning
5. The Design Research Process
7. Analyzes (and Reflection) on the Media Tools (prototypes)

Three Media Tools (prototypes) for Reflection
http://vimeo.com/35777113

Three Media Tools for Reflection
http://vimeo.com/35777113

Agenda
1. The Media Tools (prototypes) for Reflection in Learning
3. Reflection in Learning
5. The Design Research Process
7. Analyzes (and Reflection) on the Media Tools (prototypes)

Agenda
1. The Media Tools (prototypes) for Reflection in Learning
3. Reflection in Learning
5. The Design Research Process
7. Analyzes (and Reflection) on the Media Tools (prototypes)

Reflection in Learning - Background
• Development happens in interaction with others, and
through conscious reflection on that interaction.
(Vygotsky 1978)
• Significance of discourse and knowledge building. (e.g.,
Paavola et al., 2004; Senge, 2006)
• Reflective Practitioner – experts reflection in and on
action (Schön 1983)
• Expansive learning and reflection on the learning
process. (Engeström 1987)

Reflection in Learning - Need in Practice
?

Progressive Inquiry Learning / Knowledge Building
Setting up Constructing
Research Working
Questions Theories
Critical
Evaluation
Creating
the
Context
Distributed Expertise
Searching
Deepening
Knowledge
Developing New
Working Theories
Generating Subordinate
Questions
(Hakkarainen 1999)

Progressive Inquiry Learning / Knowledge Building
. . . is (social-) reflective, analytical, regulative.

Agenda
1. The Media Tools (prototypes) for Reflection in Learning
3. Reflection in Learning
5. The Design Research Process
7. Analyzes (and Reflection) on the Media Tools (prototypes)

Agenda
1. The Media Tools (prototypes) for Reflection in Learning
3. Reflection in Learning
5. The Design Research Process
7. Analyzes (and Reflection) on the Media Tools (prototypes)

Design Research:
Research-based Design Process
(Leinonen 2008, 2010)

Research-based Design Process:
in the Case of Reflection Tools
(Keune, Leinonen, Purma, Toikkanen 2012)

Agenda
1. The Media Tools (prototypes) for Reflection in Learning
3. Reflection in Learning
5. The Design Research Process
7. Analyzes (and Reflection) on the Media Tools (prototypes)

Agenda
1. The Media Tools (prototypes) for Reflection in Learning
3. Reflection in Learning
5. The Design Research Process
7. Analyzes (and Reflection) on the Media Tools (prototypes)

Three Media Tools (prototypes) for Reflection
http://vimeo.com/35777113

Three Media Tools for Reflection
http://vimeo.com/35777113

Levels of Reflection
(Fleck & Fitzpatrick, 2010: Reflecting on Reflection: Framing a Design Landscape)
R4 Critical Reflection
R3 Transformative Reflection
R2 Dialogic Reflection
R1 Reflective Description
R0 Description

Reflection Levels (Affordances) of the
“Reflex” / “Teamup”

Levels of Reflection
(Fleck & Fitzpatrick, 2010: Reflecting on Reflection: Framing a Design Landscape)
R4 Critical Reflection
R3 Transformative Reflection
R2 Dialogic Reflection
R1 Reflective Description
R0 Description

Reflection Levels (Affordances) of the
“Ambire”

iTEC: Innovative
Technologies for
an Engaging
Classroom
http://itec.eun.org
The work presented in this presentation is partially supported by the European Commission’s
FP7 programme – project iTEC: Innovative Technologies for an Engaging Classroom (Grant
agreement Nº 257566). The content of this presentation is the sole responsibility of the
consortium members and it does not represent the opinion of the European Commission and
the Commission is not responsible for any use that might be made of information contained
herein.

Thank you
Teemu Leinonen
teemu.leinonen@aalto.fi