11. GREEK ACHIEVEMENTS: *GAVE BIRTH TO MODERN POLITICAL SCIENCE *CLASSICAL VIRTUES - MODERATION IS IDEAL
12. *ART & ARCHITECTURE - REFLECTED BALANCE, SYMMETRY, ORDER, AND CONTROL OVER NATURE
13. GREEK CONTRIBUTIONS CONT’D *LANGUAGE - ORGANIZED AND PLANNED FOR EFFECT - I.E. POETRY *SCIENCE - SOUGHT RATIONAL EXPLANATIONS FOR WHAT THEY SAW AND EXPERIENCED - DEBUNKED MYTHOLOGICAL EXPLANATIONS *ARISTOTLE(384-322 BCE) - CODIFIED (WROTE DOWN, EXPLAINED) GREEK THOUGHT *ALEXANDER THE GREAT - SPREAD GREEK CIVILIZATION THROUGHOUT THE MEDITERRANEAN
14. THE ROMANS * CONQUERED GREEKS IN 146 BCE *SPREAD ACROSS MEDITERRANEAN WORLD, N. AFRICA, MIDDLE EAST *POLITICALLY UNITED VAST, MULTI-ETHNIC REGION AND ESTABLISHED PEACE - PAX ROMANA *ITALY & WEST SPOKE LATIN, EAST SPOKE GREEK
15. ROMAN LAW * NO PARTICULAR CULTURE OR CUSTOM WAS INTRINSICALLY “RIGHT” *NATURAL LAW - A HIGHER, UNIVERSAL LAW EXISTS BY WHICH DECISIONS COULD BE MADE - IT IS DERIVED FROM HUMAN NATURE AND REASON *NATURAL LAW WAS TO BE ADMINISTERED MY ENLIGHTENED INDIVIDUALS & WAS THE SOURCE OF THEIR POWER
17. COMING OF CHRISTIANITY *EMERGED FROM PALESTINE *SPREAD AMONG POOR - MESSAGE WAS THAT ALL HUMANS WERE EQUAL IN SPIRIT *CONSTANTINE CONVERTED AROUND 312, EMPIRE FOLLOWED SUIT OFFICIALLY AROUND 400 *CHRISTIAN DOCTRINES CONFLICTED WITH SOME ROMAN TRADITIONS
18. CONTROVERSIAL CHRISTIANITY * MONOTHEISM VS. POLYTHEISM *ANTI-MATERIALISTIC *ACCEPTED IMPERFECTION *ATTACKED DUAL NATURE OF EMPEROR AS RELIGIOUS AND CIVIL LEADER (CAESAROPAPISM)
19. SAINT AUGUSTINE * CITY OF GOD - BOOK THAT DISCUSSED THE DUALISTIC CONCEPT OF CHRISTIANITY - THERE IS A TEMPORARY, EARTHLY EXISTENCE AND AN ETERNAL HEAVENLY EXISTENCE