1. Pengantar
Management Organisasi
Romi Satria Wahono
Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia (LIPI)
Saitama University
Disampaikan di Seminar Manajemen PMIJ, Komaba, Japan, 29 Desember 2001
Komaba,
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2. Isi
Pengertian Management
Tugas dan Peran Manager
Pengertian Organisasi
Kultur dan Karakteristik Organisasi
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3. Siapa Itu Manager
Jenis Pekerja:
Non-managerial
employees
Managers
Manager:
Seseorang yang bekerja
dengan dan melalui
orang lain,
mengkoordinir aktifitas
kerja mereka untuk
mencapai suatu tujuan
organisasi.
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4. Klasifikasi Manager
Top Managers
Middle Managers
First Line Managers
Non-managerial Employees
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5. Apa Itu Management
Management:
Proses
pengkoordinasian
aktifitas kerja
beberapa orang,
sehingga kerja bisa
terselesaikan secara
efektif dan efisien
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6. Efektif dan Efisien dalam
Management
Efficiency Effectiveness
(doing things right) (doing the right things)
Resource Goal
Usage Attainment
Low Waste High Attainment
Management strives for:
Low resource waste (high efficiency)
High goal attainment (high effectiveness)
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7. Apa Tugas Manager
Management Function and Process
Management Roles
Management Skills
Managing in Changing Situations
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8. Management Functions
Planning Organizing Leading Controlling
Defining Determining Directing and Monitoring
goals, what needs motivating activities to
establishing to be done, all involved ensure that
strategy, and how it will be parties and they are Lead to
developing done, and resolving accomplished
sub-plans to who is to do conflicts as planned
coordinate it
activities
Achieving the
Achieving the
organization’s
organization’s
stated purpose
stated purpose
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9. Management Roles:
Interpersonal
Interpersonal Description Examples
- Symbolic head; obliged to - Greeting visitors; signing
Figurehead perform a number of routine legal documents
duties of a legal or social
nature
- Responsible for the - Performing virtually all
Leader motivation of subordinates; activities that involve
responsible for staffing subordinates
training, and associated
duties
- Maintains self-developed - Acknowledging mail; doing
Liaison network of outside contacts external board work;
and informers who provide performing other activities that
favors and information involve outsiders
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10. Management Roles:
Informational
Informational Description Examples
- Seeks and receives wide - Reading periodicals and
Monitor variety of internal and external reports; maintaining personal
information to develop contacts
thorough understanding of
organizations and environment
- Transmits information - Holding information
Disseminator received from outsiders or meetings; making phone calls
subordinates to members od to relay information
the organization
- Transmits information to - Holding board meetings;
Spokesperson outsiders on organization's giving information to the
plans, policies, results, etc. media
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11. Management Roles:
Decisional
Decisional Description Examples
Entrepreneur - Searches opportunities and - Organizing strategy to
initiates improvement projects develop new programs
Disturbance - Responsible for corrective
handler action when organization faces - Organizing strategy that
important, unexpected involve disturbances and
disturbances crises
- Responsible for the - Scheduling; requeting
Resource
allocations of organizational authorization
Allocator resources of all kinds
- Responsible for presenting - Participating in union
Negotiator the organization at major contract negotiations
negotiations
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12. Management Skills
Top Conceptual
Management Skills
Middle Human
Management Skills
Lower-Level Technical
Management Skills
Level of importance
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13. Managing in Changing
Situations
Management tidak bisa
berbasis pada metode yang
tetap dan sederhana
Perubahan waktu, situasi
dan lingkungan
mengharuskan manager
untuk menggunakan
pendekatan dan metode
berbeda
Situational Approach
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14. Apa Itu Organisasi
Organisasi:
Sekelompok manusia
yang bekerjasama,
dengan suatu
perencanaan kerja dan
peraturan, untuk
mencapai suatu tujuan
tertentu.
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15. Karakteristik Organisasi
Tujuan
Struktur
Jelas
Orang
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16. The Changing Organization
Traditional Organization New Organization
- Stable - Dynamic
- Inflexible - Flexible
- Job focused - Skills focused
- Work is defined by job position - Works is defined in terms of tasks
to be done
- Individual oriented - Team oriented
- Permanent jobs - Temporary jobs
- Command oriented - Involvement oriented
- Managers always make decisions - Employees participate in decision making
- Rule oriented - Customer oriented
- Relatively homogeneous workforce - Diverse workforce
- Workdays defined as 9 to 5 - Workdays have no time boundaries
- hierarchical relationship - Lateral and networked relationships
- Work to organizational facility during - Work anywhere, anytime
specific hours
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17. Learning Organization vs
Traditional Organization
Traditional Organization Learning Organization
- Attitude toward - If it’s working don’t - If you aren’t changing, it
change change it won’t be working for long
- Attitude toward - If it was not invented here - If it was invented or
new ideas reject it reinvented here, reject it
- Who’s responsible - Traditional areas, such as - Everyone in organization
for innovation R& D
- Main fear - Making mistakes - Not learning, not adapting
- Competitive - Product and services - Ability to learn, knowledge
advantage and expertise
- Manager’s job - Control others - Enable others
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18. Organizational Culture
Innovation and
Risk Taking
Outcome
Aggressiveness
Orientation
Organizational
Cultural
Team People
Orientation Orientation
Stability
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19. Bagaimana Memahami
Kultur Organisasi
Stories
Rituals
Material Symbols
Language
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20. Lingkungan Organisasi
Legal
Technological Economics
Public
Pressure Suppliers
Groups
The
Organization
Competitors Customers
Global Political
Sociocultural
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21. Isu-Isu Lain
Bidang Management
Scientific Management Theory [Frederick
W. Taylor] [Frank & Lilian Gilbert]
Organizational Behavior
E-Business Management
Total Quality Management
Human Resource Management
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22. Referensi
[Robbins-2002] Stephen P. Robbins and Mary
Coulter, Management, Prentice-Hall
International, 2002.
[Mintzberg-1973] Henry Mintzberg, The Nature
of Managerial Work, Harper & Row, 1973.
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