19. History
• Bilious gastric aspirates or emesis
suggests an obstructiondistal to
the ampulla of Vater
As a rule, consider any infant or child with
bilious vomiting to have an intestinal obstruction
until proven otherwise
30. Physical examination
• The importance of a through
physical examination
• Inspection and palpation of the
abdomen and perineum
31. Physical examination
1. Signs of shock
2. Signs of peritonitis
3. Signs of malnutrition
4. Characteristic of Down syndrome
5. Hypersalivationwith inability to
pass nasogastrictube
43. Physical examination
11. Imperforate anus or abnormal
anal opening
12. Thermometer can’t be passed
into the rectum
Intestinal obstruction
In children
87. เด็กชายอายุ 1 เดือน
3 วันก่อนมาร.พ.อาเจียนเป็นนม
ต่อมามีสีเขียวปนมากกว่า10 ครั้ง
ท้องไม่อืด ถ่ายอุจจาระปกติ
ผล UGI study – DJ junction located
lower than duodenal bulb and to the
right of expected position
98. ทารกหญิงแรกคลอด
CC:- ไม่มีรูทวารแต่กาเนิด มีน้าลายออกจากปากตลอด
PI :- G1P1 , Gestational age 36 weeks by date ,
PROM , normal labour , APGAR score 9,10
PE :- BW = 1,600 gm. hypersalivation with inability
to pass Nelaton catheter No.12
- palpated ill-defined mass at left mid abdomen
Unusual presentations of
Intestinal obstruction in children
104. Problem list
1. Imperforate anus
2. Hypersalivation with inability to pass
Nelaton catheter No.12
3. Abdominal mass
4. Preterm , low birth weight
Unusual presentations of
Intestinal obstruction in children
105. Make Dicision
• Explore laparotomy
• Anoplasty
• Thoracotomy
Unusual presentations of
Intestinal obstruction in children
107. • marked dilatation of the stomach and first
part of the duodenum with atresia of second
part of the duodenum
• distal end of the rectum was seen in pelvic
cavity , low type without fistula of anorectal
malformations
• esophageal atresia with tracheoesophageal
fistula
Operative findings
163. Treatment
2. High type
- colostomy
- posterior sagittal anorectoplasty
- abdominoperineal pullthrough
164. Precautions
• high or intermediate type
usually associated with fistula
• If invertogram showed high or
intermediate type , it may be low type
• EA w ARM.? , HD w ARM.?
198. เด็กชายอายุ 1 เดือน
• 3 วันก่อนมาร.พ.อาเจียนเป็นนม
ต่อมามีสีเขียวปนมากกว่า10 ครั้ง
ท้องไม่อืด ถ่ายอุจจาระปกติ
• ผล UGI study – DJ junction located
lower than duodenal bulb and to the
right of expected position
199. A child with bilious emesis must be
considered to have malrotation with
volvulus until proven otherwise
Malrotation
207. Duodenal atresia Ileal atresia
การผ่าตัดรักษา
-Duodenoduodenostomy - Ileal resection and end
to end anastomosis
208.
209. A thai newborn , age 4 day
CC:- bilious emesis , no passing of meconium
PE:- icteric sclera , upper abdominal distension
, visible peristalsis was seen
HN 0312194
226. PE:- T = 36.5๐C P = 120/min R = 24/min
moderate dehydration , drawsiness
Abdomen- mild distension , soft , no mass
Left groin – spontaneous reduction of left
incarcerated IIH
PR :- liguid yellowish stool with foul smell
230. Operative findings :-
- Cloudy yellowish fluid about 20 ml.
with fibrin in peritoneal cavity
- Generalized dilatation of small bowel
and large bowel
- Gangrenous distal ileum size 2 cm.
in diameter at 5 cm. from IC valve
233. การผ่าตัดรักษา
:- Explore laparotomy with distal
gangrenous ileal resection and end to
end anastomosis with intraperitoneal
left herniotomy and appendectomy
238. PI :- นอนรักษาตัวที่ร.พ.ช. 9 วันอาการ
ปวดท้องไม่ทุเลา ปวดRLQ มาก
ปวดจนมือเท้าเกร็ง ทุรนทุราย
ร้องไห้น้าตาไหล ต้องฉีดยา
pethidine IV อาการปวดท้องจึง
ทุเลา
239.
240. PE :- T=37๐C P=90/min R=24/min BP=110/70 mmHg
Abdomen :- not distend , tenderness
around appendectomy scar
241. CBC :- Hct = 38% wbc=5,030cells/mm3
N = 62% L = 33% M = 3% E =
2% platelet = 315,000
Urine exam : - normal
Stool exam : - normal
242.
243. Upper GI study
- Normal esophagus and stomach
- No definite ulcer in the stomach
- The duodenal bulb is not
deformed.
- The C loop is normal.
- Normal transit time and
appearance of small bowel
244. Barium enema
- Normal appearance of
rectum and colon
- Minimal depression at
mucosa of medial aspect
of caecum
245. Ultrasound whole abdomen :-
- Normal appearance of liver without definite
mass lesion , The gallbladder , spleen , and
both kidneys are normal.
- Mass lesion is not demonstrated.
- Normal appearance of the bladder
- The uterus is not well demonstrated.
- No evidence of fluid in cul de sac.
246. Operative findings :-
- Band adhesion was found at
ileo-colic junction.
- No Meckel diverticulum
- Normal liver parenchyma
249. Esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula
A foregut malformation resulting from an
error in separation of the esophagus
from the respiratory tree
Hypersalivation and inability to pass a
nasogastric tube is diagnostic of
esophageal atresia
261. Infantile Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis
Gastric outlet obstruction from pyloric stenosis
result from hypertrophy of the pylorus and
associated with reduced nitric oxide levels in
the pylorus muscle tissue
IHPS
287. PE : T 39.8๐C P 121 /min R 34/min BP 119/81mmHg
: alert , active infant with marked abdominal distension
abdomen - superficial vein dilatation
- periumbilical erythema
with palpated ill-defined
mass at mid-abdomen
Unusual presentations
Intestinal obstruction in children
288.
289.
290. CBC : Hct 35.7% wbc 13,700 cells/mm3 N 69.8%
L 18.5% E 0.4% platelet 365,000
Stool exam. : soft , brown , occult blood – positive
ova & parasite – not found , wbc – neg , rbc – neg
Plain abdomen :
291. Problem list
• Fever
• Intermittent crying
• Progressive abdominal distension
• Vomiting
• Periumbilical erythema
• Leukocytosis
• Positive occult blood in stool
292. Impression : suspected gangrenous enteritis
Treatment :
- NPO
- 5% D/NSS/3 1000 ml
- retained NG tube
- unison enema 10 ml
- cefoxitin (100 MKD) 120 mg IV q 8 hrs
- metronidazole (30 MKD) 50 mg IV q 8 hrs
309. Segmental volvulus of Jejunum
Volvulus - clockwise rotation of the bowel
causing lymphatic, venous or arterial occlusion.
• Midgut volvulus
• Segmental volvulus
310. Midgut volvulus
• Rotation of the entire bowel from the second
portion of the duodenum to the mid transverse
colon about the axis of the superior mesenteric
artery.
315. Segmental volvulus
Management ;-
• counterclockwise detorsion of the affected segment
• removing the anatomic cause
• resection with anastomosis
• pexing of the bowel may be needed