1. GENETIC BASIS OF
QUALITATIVE, QUANTITATIVE &
OIL QUALITY TRAITS
TAHIRA BIBI
PH.D
PBG

7. A quantitative genetic model relates the genotypic value of
an individual to the alleles at the loci that contribute to the
variation in a population in terms of additive, dominance, and
epistatic effects. This partition of genetic effects is related to
the partition of genetic variance.

8. The line × tester analysis of five CMS lines crossed with 15 inbreds,
tested over two environments revealed the preponderance of non-
additive gene action for seed yield, plant height, number of leaves,
autogamy and harvest index except days to flowering, head diameter
and 100-seed weight. However additive and non additive were equally
important for days to maturity and oil content.
The cross 234A×187-333 was the best for seed yield and harvest
index, involving high × high GCA parents showing the presence of
additive gene action. The high SCA hybrids involved at least one high
or medium general combining parents.
Singh, D.P. and Singh, S.B., 2000. Genetic analysis for quantitative traits in sunflower
(Helianthus annuus L.). Crop Improvement, 27(1), pp.82-87.
GENETIC ANALYSIS FOR QUANTITATIVE TRAITS IN SUNFLOWER

9. Combining ability and heritability of quantitative and qualitative traits
in sunflower lines, using line × tester fashion. the 12 F1 single cross
combinations along with their parents and five checks.
Estimation high narrow sense heritability for 1000 grain, weight
indicated the more importance of additive genetic effects for its
genetic control. the tester t2(af81-40) and line l1 (rf81-154/2) with
significant positive GCA effects for grain and oil yields were
considered as suitable combiners for improving these traits.
The cross af81-40×rf81- 154/2 had significant positive sca effects for
1000-grain weight. this cross combination had also significant positive
sca effects for grain yield and oil yield and also high means value of
these traits.
ANDARKHOR, S.A.A. and RAMEEH, V., 2013. EVALUATION OF COMBINING ABILITY AND
HERITABILITY ESTIMATES OF QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE TRAITS IN SUNFLOWER
(HELIANTHUS ANNUUS L.) LINES.

10. 36 F1s, 36F2s and 9 parents were evaluated in brassica. The presence of epitasis
revealed for plant height, man raceme length, primary and secondary branches,
siliquae on main raceme, seed yield and oil content per plant in F1 and for day
to flower, plant height, primary branches and siliquae length in F2.
The analysis of components of genetic variance reveled that the additive
component (D) was significant for all the characters except primary and
secondary branches in F1.
Positively significant h2 for different traits indicated that the average direction
of dominance was positive and hence the characters were controlled by
dominance genes.
The proportion of dominant to recessive gene exhibited an excess of dominant
genes controlling most of the traits. The estimates on h2 in F1 indicating that
siliquae an main receme is governed by 3 to 4 genes or group of genes.

11. White rot is an important pathogens of sunflower. A total of
15 QTL for each pathogen resistance were detected across
several linkage groups, confirming the polygenic nature of the
resistances. These QTL explained from 7 to 41% of the
phenotypic variability. On linkage group 8, QTL affecting
resistance to both S. sclerotiorum extension on leaves co-
localized, suggesting a common component in the mechanism
of resistance for these two pathogens.
Bert, P.F., Jouan, I., de Labrouhe, T.D., Serre, F., Nicolas, P. and Vear, F., 2002. Comparative
genetic analysis of quantitative traits in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) 1. QTL involved in
resistance to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Diaporthe helianthi. Theoretical and Applied
Genetics, 105(6), pp.985-993.

12. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) for resistance to white rot (Sclerotinia
sclerotiorum) attacks of terminal buds. A genetic linkage map of 18 linkage
groups with 216 molecular markers spanning 1,937 cM was constructed.
For resistance to S. sclerotiorum terminal bud attack, seven QTL were
identified, each explaining less than 10% of phenotypic variance.
There were four QTL (each explaining up to 20% of variation) each having
effects of up to 16%. It was concluded that resistance to this disease is
governed by a considerable number of QTL, located on almost all the
sunflower linkage groups.
Bert, P.F., Dechamp-Guillaume, G., Serre, F., Jouan, I., De Labrouhe, D.T., Nicolas, P. and Vear, F.,
2004. Comparative genetic analysis of quantitative traits in sunflower (Helianthus annuus
L.). Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 109(4), pp.865-874.

13. Seed weight and oil content in sunflower are under
complex genetic and environmental control.
Using a genetic map with 290 markers for a cross
between two inbred sunflower, QTL controlling seed
weight, oil content, plant height, plant lodging,
flowering dates, maturity dates and delay from
flowering to maturity were detected.
Some of the QTL controlling seed weight overlapped
with those controlling oil content.
Bert, P.F., Jouan, I., Tourvieille De Labrouhe, D., Serre, F., Philippon, J., Nicolas, P. and Vear, F., 2003. Comparative genetic analysis of
quantitative traits in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). 2. Characterisation of QTL involved in developmental and agronomic
traits. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 107(1), pp.181-189.

14. The quality of sunflower oil generally was associated
with the relative content of linoleic fatty acid.
Most of the sunflower grown throughout the world is
high in linoleic.
Combining both genes with the high oleic gene
increased the stability and shelf life of sunflower oil
dramatically.

15. Sunflower oil, with a fatty acid profile made up of 11% saturated fatty
acids, 20% oleic acid, and 69% linoleic acid, there is currently available a
vast diversity of other sunflower oil types, for example low saturated
(25%), high stearic (>25%), high oleic (>85%), high linoleic (>75%) as well
as a number of oils with intermediate levels and combinations among
them.
Similarly, the standard sunflower oil with 95% of the tocopherols in the
alpha-tocopherol form has been modified to produce oils with high levels
of beta-tocopherol (>75%), gamma-tocopherol (>95%), and delta-
tocopherol (>65%). The novel fatty acid governed by a reduced number of
genes, which considerably facilitates their management in plant breeding
programs.
Fernández-Martínez, J.M., Velasco, L. and Pérez-Vich, B., 2004, August. Progress in the genetic
modification of sunflower oil quality. In Proceedings of the 16th International Sunflower
Conference (Vol. 29, pp. 1-14).

16. ESTIMATION OF GENETIC PARAMETERS
D is the component of variation due to additive effects of genes;
H1 is the component of variation of the dominance effects of genes;
F is the mean variance of additive and dominance effects over all arrays;
Degree of dominance The average degree of dominance was estimated by
(H1/D)1/2, which showed complete dominance for plant height, head
diameter and 1000-seed weight and over-dominance for seed yield per
plant.
The ratio of h2/H2 estimates the number of groups which control the
character and also exhibit dominance to some degree.

17. The line x tester analysis of five CMS lines crossed with 15
inbreds, tested over two environments revealed the
preponderance of non-additive gene action for seed yield,
plant height, number of leaves, autogamy and harvest
index except days to flowering, head diameter and 100-
seed weight.
Additive and non additive were equally important for days
to maturity and oil content.