occupational hazards in malaysia

1. OCCUPATIONAL HAZARDS
&
ITS PROPHYLAXIS
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2. WHY?
1) To make the
2
students aware of
the dangers of
most kinds of
jobs or
professions
2) To see if the student can cope
with the hazards of a career
3) To help students make wise
career choices

3. TYPES OF HAZARDS
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• BEHAVIORAL
• PHYSICAL
• CHEMICAL
• BIOLOGICAL

4. What is Occupational safety and health?
● Occupational safety and health is a discipline with
a broad scope involving many specialized fields.

5. Objective of Occupational Safety and
Health 1994 (Act 514).
(a) to secure the safety, health and welfare of persons at
work against risks
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(b) to protect persons life
(c) to promote a safe occupational environment for persons at
work which is adapted to their physiological and
psychological needs
(d) to provide,maintain or improve the standards of safety and health

6. OSH concept
SAFETY ACCIDENT INCIDENT HAZARDS
● Hazard : is any source of
potential damage, harm or
adverse health effects on
something or someone under
certain conditions at work
● Risk : is the chance or
probability that a person will
be harmed or experience an
adverse health effect if
exposed to a hazard

7. OSH concept
SAFETY ACCIDENT INCIDENT HAZARDS
1) RISK is manageable
2) REDUCE possibility of Accident thus reduce
casualties
● Incident - undesired circumstance that produces the
potential for an accident
● Accident - is defined as an unplanned event that
results in personal injury or property damage.

8. 1.2 History of OSH
LORD ROBENS – British
1. Self Regulatory Legislation (1974)-UK
2. Quality Management Movement (1970) -Japan
● OSHA – Malaysia – (1994) – selepas Kejadian Bright
Sparcklers di Sungai Buluh -1992

9. THE HISTORY OF BRIGHT SPARKLE
● Afternoon of Tuesday, May 7, 1991 in
Sungai Buloh, Selangor.
● Bright Sparkle Sdn. Bhd.
● 'Hiroshima Sg, Buloh’
● Explosion 200 tons
of sulphur effects
● Shaking up to seven kilometers from
the location of the tragedy.
● Fireworks factory tragedy gave to the
country's history.

15. 2. HISTORY OF OCCUPATIONAL
SAFETY AND HEALTH
Act 514
Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994
Regulations under OSHA 1994
Occupational Safety and Health (Safety and Health Officer) Order 1997
Occupational Safety and Health (Prohibition of Use of Substance) Order 1999
Guidelines Code of practice

16. MINISTRY OF HUMAN RESOURCES
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17. Carta aliran konsep keselamatan di tempat kerja di
M’sia
Kerajaan M’sia
Kementerian Sumber Manusia
Jabatan Keselamatan dan Kesihatan
Pekerjaan (DOSH)
NIOSH OSHA

18. NIOSH
National Institute Occupational safety and Health
(Institut Keselamatan dan Kesihatan Pekerjaan
Negara)

19. NIOSH
● provide training and research on occupational safety and health.
● short courses.
● offer training courses to industry.
● organize courses for upgrade the skills of workers

20. Social Security Organization (SOCSO)•
● An organization set up to administer, enforce and implement the
Employees’ Social Security Act, 1969 and the Employees Social
Security (General) Regulation 1971.
● Commonly known as Perkeso or Pertubuhan Keselamatan Sosial in
Malay term.

21. Role Social Security Organization (SOCSO)•
● Provide social security protection by social insurance
including medical, cash benefits, provision of artificial
aids and rehabilitation to employees to reduce the
sufferings.
● • Provides social security protection by social insurance
including medical and cash benefits
● Provision of artificial aids and rehabilitation to employees
to reduce the suffering and provide financial guarantees
and protection to the family

22. Application of OSHA
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Apply throughout Malaysia to the industries as follows (First Schedule )
» Manufacturing;
» Mining and Quarrying;
» Construction;
» Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing;
» Utilities such as Electricity, Gas, Water and sanitary Services;
» Transport, Storage and Communication;
» Wholesale and Retail Trades;
» Hotels and Restaurants;
» Finance, Insurance, Real Estate and Business Services
» Public Services and Statutory Authorities

23. OSH LAWS IN MALAYSIA
1. Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994
(OSHA 94)
2. Factories and Machinery Act 1967 (FMA 67)
3. Electricity Supply Act 1990 (ESA 90)
4. Environment Quality Act 1974 (EQA 74)
5. Employees Social Security Act (SOCSO)
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24. SCOPE OF OSHA 1994
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Includes
ALL WORKING
PERSONS
Except
ARMED FORCES
PERSONNEL
And
CREW OF MERCHANT
SHIPS

25. 25
PROPHYLAXIS
OF
OCCUPATIONAL
HAZARDS

26. 26
LEVEL OF
PREVENTIONS
PRIMORDIAL
PRIMARY
SECONDARY
TERTIARY

27. PRIMORDIAL PREVENTION
It is the prevention of the emergence or
development of risk factors in countries or
population groups in which they have not yet
appeared
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For example, many adult health problems (e.g.,
obesity, hypertension) have their early origins
in childhood, because this is the time when
lifestyles are formed (for example, smoking,
eating patterns, physical exercise).

28. PRIMARY PREVENTION
Primary prevention can be defined as the
action taken prior to the onset of disease,
which removes the possibility 28
that the disease
will ever occur.
SECONDARY PREVENTION
It is defined as “ action which halts the progress of a disease at its
incipient stage and prevents complications.”
Secondary prevention attempts to arrest the disease process, restore
health by seeking out unrecognized disease and treating it before
irreversible pathological changes take place, and reverse communicability
of infectious diseases.

29. TERTIARY PREVENTION
It is used when the disease process has
advanced beyond its early stages.
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It is defined as “all the measures available to
reduce or limit impairments and disabilities,
and to promote the patients’ adjustment to
irremediable conditions.”
Intervention that should be accomplished in the
stage of tertiary prevention are disability,
limitation, and rehabilitation.

30. a) Use proper clothing and safety gear( mittens, ear cuffs, scarf,
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bonnets, hats, etc
-should not be too tight to allow ventillation
b) Temperature in the workplace must be closely monitored
c) Have regular medical check-ups
d) Employees should be properly trained

31. e) Make sure shoes, socks and boots are cleaned regularly
f) Always have hot beverage available
g) Eat enough protein and
fats in your diet
h) Boots should be waterproof
i) Avoid touching cold metals with bare skin
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j) Bring a thermometer
k) Bring blankets and sheets in case someone gets too cold
l) Use gas or electrical heaters

32. THANK YOU!
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Done by,
Pamela Luwie
(Group 331M)