2. The Input – Process – Output Paradigm
Input
Conditions
Information
Data
Environment
Process
Methods
Actions
Procedures
Development
Output
Results
Outcomes
Products
Ideas
3. Definition of “Technology”
“The systematic application of scientific or other
organized knowledge to practical tasks” (Galbraith,
1967, p. 12).
Hard technology: physical products that result from
technological research and development
Soft technology: intellectual processes
4. Education is a Process
Education is a series of purposeful actions
and operations – a process.The goals of
education represent desired learning
outcomes; thus, education, in general,
can be regarded as a process.
5. Technology can facilitate educational
processes
Technological processes are dedicated means, based on
scientific thinking, for communicating ideas and taking
action to facilitate teaching and learning.
Common misconceptions:
Technology is the end rather than the means
Technology is a panacea for all ills of education
Technology can replace people
6. Alignment of Concept,Theory, & Practice
Conceptual Framework Theoretical Framework Practical Framework
Process is conceived as a
series of actions directed
toward a desired result.
Independent process &
collective processes are
dedicated to facilitate
learning and improve
performance.
An instructional strategy
(process) based on
situated learning moves
the student through a
learning space that
increases its fidelity to a
performance space.
Situated Learning SL posits that learning is
achieved most
productively when
students are guided
through a graduated
series of cases.
1) Sample case
2) Practice case
3) Action case
7. SystemsTheory
Effective educational technology systems should be:
Systematic
Synergistic
Rules &
proceduresPredictably
generate
consistent
product
SystemicOne part
can
change
the whole
Responsive
relationship
Sum of multiple elements
is greater than sum of
individuals
8. Processes throughout EdTech
Study – generating & analyzing data, information, knowledge,
wisdom
Ethical Practice – appropriate processes for a given situation
Facilitating Learning – implementation of instructional processes
Improving Performance – processes to improve performance
Creating – efficient development processes for creating effective
instructional materials and systems
Managing – proper management of processes
Editor's Notes
Start with a learning theory: How do students learn best?
Instructional theories are derived from the learning theory.
Instructional strategies are processes used to apply an instructional theory.
