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STUDY OF VERNACULAR
ARCHITECTURE
BHUJ(KUTCH,GUJARAT)




             RACHANA SANSAD ACADEMY
             OF ARCHITECTURE
             VINAY.D.ANAM
             ROLL NO . 1
INTRODUCTION
• STUDY OF REGION OF BHUJ
ITS LOCAION AND
CHARACTERISTICS

• STUDY OF REGION OF KUTCH

•ARCHITECTURE TYPES

•LAYOUT OF THE HOUSES

•BHONGA ARCHITECTURE



.
Bhuj, Kutch                                                           Kutch

Location
Bhuj is a city and a municipality in Kutch
district in the state of Gujarat, India
History
It was established by Rao Himirji in 1510 and
was made the state capital by Rao Khengarj i
In 1549
Bhuj for decades, even centuries, has
beckoned travelers and traders with the                                       Bhuj
promise of release from the restrictions of
civilization. In January 2001, the city was
struck by a major earth quake which caused a
great deal of damage to the city. of Bhuj
Demographics
The total population of Bhuj was 136,429 in
the year 2008, which consisted of 71,056
                                                 Ramkund is a
males and 65,373 females.                        typical step-well
Geography                                        architecture at
Bhuj has an average elevation of 110 meters      Bhuj                The Bhuj is Famous for the
(360 feet). On the eastern side of the town is                       swaminarayan temple which
a hill known as Bhujiyo that separates Bhuj                           is made of Rs 100 crore,with
city and Madhapar town. It has one big lake                          pure white marble,andit is
named Hamirsar and several small lakes.                              located
                                                                      in the heart of the city
Bhuj, Kutch
Culture
•  Bhuj is a famous destination for
   shopping of handicraft work.
•  Artists of nearby villages bring
   their art work for sale in Bhuj.
•   It is the Important landmarks
   for people wishing to study and
                                           Bhuj is famous for its
   know more about Kutchi                                                    Aina Mahal (palace of
                                           various Silver crafts work
   embroidery                                                                Mirrors) in Bhuj,is
Religion                                                                     famous for displaying the
•  The dominant religions of Kutch                                           History of the region of
   are a form of Vaishnav Hinduism,                                          Kutch
   Jainism and Islam
•   The Swaminarayan Sampraday
   has a huge following in this
   region.
Language
•  Kutchi & Gujarati are the
   predominating languages spoken

                                      The historic Hamirsar lake is
                                      situated at the Heart of the city of
                                      Bhuj                                     Bhuj is Famous for its
                                                                               handy-crafts market
ABOUT , REGION OF KUTCH (GUJARAT),



                                           INTRODUCTION

                                           Kutch is district of Gujarat state in
                                           western India Covering an area of
                                           45,612 km², it is the largest district of India.
                                           The district has 966 villages
                                           Kutch means something which intermittently
                                           becomes wet and dry a large part of this
                                           district is known as Rann of Kutch which is
                                           shallow wetland & which submerges in water
                                           during the rainy season and becomes dry
                                           during other seasons
      Map of Kutch,(Gujarat)

                                           Geography
                                           Kutch District is surrounded by the Gulf of
                                           Kutch and the Arabian Sea in south and west,
                                           while northern and eastern parts are surrounded
                                           by the Great and Small Rann
                                           The border of Pakistan lies along the northern
                                           edge of the Rann of Kutch. Kutch is virtually an
Tribal women of                            island, as it is surrounded by the Arabian Sea in
Kutch with                                 the west;
traditional clothing
                       Traditional wall
                       interior of kutch
                                                                                               5
Religion OF Kutch
As per the 2001 census, the district's population
was 1,526,331, of which most around are
Hindu. the remainder of the population adhere
to mostly Jainism and Muslims.
Language
The languages spoken predominantly in Kutch
is Kacchi and to lesser
extent Sindhi and Gujarati

People
Kutch district is inhabited by various groups and
communities. Many of these have reached this
region after centuries of migration from
neighboring regions of Marwar(Western
Rajasthan), Sidh,Afghanistan and further. Even
today, one can find various nomadic, semi
nomadic and artisan groups living in Kutch.

History of Kutch
Remote and sparsely populated the district of
Kutch
, it has had an interesting history.
The Indus valley civilization, known to be one of
the first ever civilized societies consisted of the
ancestors of Kutchis as well as others. However
now most of the river lies in Pakistan after India
was split up.
Architecture types of Bhuj




                                                   CHOWKS




                                 STREETS



Street pattern (Y shaped) and housing layout
street




Internal
courtyards




                           Cattles-shed



             PLANNINGS OF HOUSINGS IN BHUJ
THE HEIGHT WIDTH
PROPORTIONS OF COURTYARDS
AND STREETS PROVIDE SHADE
FOR MOST PART OF THE DAY
SCHEMATIC SECTIONS OF
HOUSES
BHUNGA HOUSES,
KUTCH
BHUNGA HOUSES
   BHUNGA HOUSES

   The Bhonga is a traditional construction type
    in the Kutch district of the Gujarat state in
    India, which has a very high earthquake
    risk.
    A Bhonga consists of a single cylindrically
    shaped room.
   The Bhonga has a conical roof supported by
    cylindrical walls. Bhonga construction has
    existed for several hundred years.
   This type of house is quite durable and
    appropriate for prevalent desert conditions.    BHUNGA HOUSES
    Due to its robustness against natural
    hazards as well as its pleasant aesthetics,
    this housing is also known as "Architecture
    without Architects.“
CONSTRUCTION OF THE BHUNGA

   Bhonga is circular in plan, with
    cylindrically shaped walls and topped
    with conical roof.
   The inner diameter of the Bhonga is
    typically between 3m to 6m.
     A Bhonga generally has only three
    openings one door and two small
    windows.


    DURING EARTH-QUAKES
    It performed very well in the recent
    M7.6 Bhuj earthquake in 2001.
    Very few Bhongas experienced
    significant damage in the epicentral
    region, and the damage that did occur
    can be mainly attributed to poor quality
    of the construction materials or
    improper maintenance of the structure.
    It has also been observed that the
    failure of Bhongas in the last
    earthquake caused very few injuries to
    the occupants due to the type of
    collapse.
   I
VIEW OF BHUNGA HOUSES
   ROOF CONSTRUCTION OF BHUNGA HOUSES



   The conical roof of a Bhonga is supported at its
    crest by a vertical central wooden post, which rests
    on a wooden joist.
    The base of the roof and the wooden joist are
    generally directly supported on Bhonga walls.
    Sometimes, the roof load on wooden joist is
    transferred to diametrically placed timber posts
    (vertical members) adjacent to the cylindrical wall.
   This reduces the roof-load on the walls.
    The Bhonga wall is usually extended below ground
    up to the required foundation depth, and separate
    foundation is not traditionally constructed.
    In newer constructions, proper strip footing is also
    used.
Architecture of kutch
WALL CONSTRUCTION OF BHUNGA

   Due to circular shape of wall in plan, inertial forces developed addition, the thick
    walls required for thermal insulation have high in-plane stiffness which provides
    excellent performance under lateral loads.
    The roofing in wall are resisted through shell action providing excellent resistance to
    lateral forces.
   In materials are generally very light weight, and develops low inertia forces.
    Since the roof is constructed from extremely ductile materials such as bamboo and
    straw, the performance of.these roofs is usually very robust



   NEW TYPES OF BHUNGAS
    Recent Bhongas constructions have used wide variety of construction materials.
    These include the stone or burnt brick masonry either in mud mortar or in cement
    mortar.
   Traditional roof consists of light-weight conical roof, while some recent constructions
    have used heavy manglore tiles on roofs.
    Some recent constructions have used circular strip footing below the wall, while
    traditional construction simply extended the walls below ground level t.
Bhungas construction details

• In several Bhongas, the roof joist is not directly supported on the cylindrical walls, but is
supported by two wooden vertical posts outside the Bhonga, which further improves seismic
resistance of the inertia force generated in the roof.
• In some instances, reinforcing bands at lintel level and collar level have been used to provide
additional strength.
• These bands are constructed from bamboo or from RCC. These increase the lateral load-carrying
strength greatly and increase the seismic resistance of the Bhongas.
•Even in situations where the roof collapses, its low weight ensures that the extent of injuries to
occupants is very low.

•Labours who constructs Bhungas and materials used

•These constructions are carried out by local village masons.
• The locally available soft stone can easily be cut or chiselled into rectangular blocks, which are
used for wall masonry.
•The local soil is used for mud mortar and to make adobe blocks. Locally available timber and
bamboo are used for roof.
• The entire construction process, which is carried out by the mason with very few unskilled
laborers, can be completed within 30 days.
• The construction of this type of housing takes place in a single phase.
• Typically, the building is originally designed for its final constructed size.
• Bhongas are never "designed" in the modern context. However, Bhonga architecture is a very
unique aspect of traditional desert architecture of Kutch region in which the size, location and
orientation of the Bhonga are planned for very good structural and functional results.
Bhungas are connected through plinths and
circulation is also carried out in that way.. A cluster
of bhunga is built on one plinthus ually the cluster
contains settlements of one whole family
INTERIORS AND
DECORATION




Rural art on walls   Windows decorated with
                     mirrors
•   Interiors of bhungas
References
www.mapsofindia.com
www.asanjokutch.com
www.gujaratcrafts.com
www.wikipedia .com
www.indiancrafts.com
www.timesofindia.org




                        23
THANK-YOU

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Architecture of kutch

  • 1. STUDY OF VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE BHUJ(KUTCH,GUJARAT) RACHANA SANSAD ACADEMY OF ARCHITECTURE VINAY.D.ANAM ROLL NO . 1
  • 2. INTRODUCTION • STUDY OF REGION OF BHUJ ITS LOCAION AND CHARACTERISTICS • STUDY OF REGION OF KUTCH •ARCHITECTURE TYPES •LAYOUT OF THE HOUSES •BHONGA ARCHITECTURE .
  • 3. Bhuj, Kutch Kutch Location Bhuj is a city and a municipality in Kutch district in the state of Gujarat, India History It was established by Rao Himirji in 1510 and was made the state capital by Rao Khengarj i In 1549 Bhuj for decades, even centuries, has beckoned travelers and traders with the Bhuj promise of release from the restrictions of civilization. In January 2001, the city was struck by a major earth quake which caused a great deal of damage to the city. of Bhuj Demographics The total population of Bhuj was 136,429 in the year 2008, which consisted of 71,056 Ramkund is a males and 65,373 females. typical step-well Geography architecture at Bhuj has an average elevation of 110 meters Bhuj The Bhuj is Famous for the (360 feet). On the eastern side of the town is swaminarayan temple which a hill known as Bhujiyo that separates Bhuj is made of Rs 100 crore,with city and Madhapar town. It has one big lake pure white marble,andit is named Hamirsar and several small lakes. located in the heart of the city
  • 4. Bhuj, Kutch Culture • Bhuj is a famous destination for shopping of handicraft work. • Artists of nearby villages bring their art work for sale in Bhuj. • It is the Important landmarks for people wishing to study and Bhuj is famous for its know more about Kutchi Aina Mahal (palace of various Silver crafts work embroidery Mirrors) in Bhuj,is Religion famous for displaying the • The dominant religions of Kutch History of the region of are a form of Vaishnav Hinduism, Kutch Jainism and Islam • The Swaminarayan Sampraday has a huge following in this region. Language • Kutchi & Gujarati are the predominating languages spoken The historic Hamirsar lake is situated at the Heart of the city of Bhuj Bhuj is Famous for its handy-crafts market
  • 5. ABOUT , REGION OF KUTCH (GUJARAT), INTRODUCTION Kutch is district of Gujarat state in western India Covering an area of 45,612 km², it is the largest district of India. The district has 966 villages Kutch means something which intermittently becomes wet and dry a large part of this district is known as Rann of Kutch which is shallow wetland & which submerges in water during the rainy season and becomes dry during other seasons Map of Kutch,(Gujarat) Geography Kutch District is surrounded by the Gulf of Kutch and the Arabian Sea in south and west, while northern and eastern parts are surrounded by the Great and Small Rann The border of Pakistan lies along the northern edge of the Rann of Kutch. Kutch is virtually an Tribal women of island, as it is surrounded by the Arabian Sea in Kutch with the west; traditional clothing Traditional wall interior of kutch 5
  • 6. Religion OF Kutch As per the 2001 census, the district's population was 1,526,331, of which most around are Hindu. the remainder of the population adhere to mostly Jainism and Muslims. Language The languages spoken predominantly in Kutch is Kacchi and to lesser extent Sindhi and Gujarati People Kutch district is inhabited by various groups and communities. Many of these have reached this region after centuries of migration from neighboring regions of Marwar(Western Rajasthan), Sidh,Afghanistan and further. Even today, one can find various nomadic, semi nomadic and artisan groups living in Kutch. History of Kutch Remote and sparsely populated the district of Kutch , it has had an interesting history. The Indus valley civilization, known to be one of the first ever civilized societies consisted of the ancestors of Kutchis as well as others. However now most of the river lies in Pakistan after India was split up.
  • 7. Architecture types of Bhuj CHOWKS STREETS Street pattern (Y shaped) and housing layout
  • 8. street Internal courtyards Cattles-shed PLANNINGS OF HOUSINGS IN BHUJ
  • 9. THE HEIGHT WIDTH PROPORTIONS OF COURTYARDS AND STREETS PROVIDE SHADE FOR MOST PART OF THE DAY
  • 13. BHUNGA HOUSES  The Bhonga is a traditional construction type in the Kutch district of the Gujarat state in India, which has a very high earthquake risk.  A Bhonga consists of a single cylindrically shaped room.  The Bhonga has a conical roof supported by cylindrical walls. Bhonga construction has existed for several hundred years.  This type of house is quite durable and appropriate for prevalent desert conditions. BHUNGA HOUSES  Due to its robustness against natural hazards as well as its pleasant aesthetics, this housing is also known as "Architecture without Architects.“
  • 14. CONSTRUCTION OF THE BHUNGA  Bhonga is circular in plan, with cylindrically shaped walls and topped with conical roof.  The inner diameter of the Bhonga is typically between 3m to 6m.  A Bhonga generally has only three openings one door and two small windows. DURING EARTH-QUAKES  It performed very well in the recent M7.6 Bhuj earthquake in 2001.  Very few Bhongas experienced significant damage in the epicentral region, and the damage that did occur can be mainly attributed to poor quality of the construction materials or improper maintenance of the structure.  It has also been observed that the failure of Bhongas in the last earthquake caused very few injuries to the occupants due to the type of collapse.
  • 15. I VIEW OF BHUNGA HOUSES
  • 16. ROOF CONSTRUCTION OF BHUNGA HOUSES  The conical roof of a Bhonga is supported at its crest by a vertical central wooden post, which rests on a wooden joist.  The base of the roof and the wooden joist are generally directly supported on Bhonga walls.  Sometimes, the roof load on wooden joist is transferred to diametrically placed timber posts (vertical members) adjacent to the cylindrical wall.  This reduces the roof-load on the walls.  The Bhonga wall is usually extended below ground up to the required foundation depth, and separate foundation is not traditionally constructed.  In newer constructions, proper strip footing is also used.
  • 18. WALL CONSTRUCTION OF BHUNGA  Due to circular shape of wall in plan, inertial forces developed addition, the thick walls required for thermal insulation have high in-plane stiffness which provides excellent performance under lateral loads.  The roofing in wall are resisted through shell action providing excellent resistance to lateral forces.  In materials are generally very light weight, and develops low inertia forces.  Since the roof is constructed from extremely ductile materials such as bamboo and straw, the performance of.these roofs is usually very robust  NEW TYPES OF BHUNGAS  Recent Bhongas constructions have used wide variety of construction materials.  These include the stone or burnt brick masonry either in mud mortar or in cement mortar.  Traditional roof consists of light-weight conical roof, while some recent constructions have used heavy manglore tiles on roofs.  Some recent constructions have used circular strip footing below the wall, while traditional construction simply extended the walls below ground level t.
  • 19. Bhungas construction details • In several Bhongas, the roof joist is not directly supported on the cylindrical walls, but is supported by two wooden vertical posts outside the Bhonga, which further improves seismic resistance of the inertia force generated in the roof. • In some instances, reinforcing bands at lintel level and collar level have been used to provide additional strength. • These bands are constructed from bamboo or from RCC. These increase the lateral load-carrying strength greatly and increase the seismic resistance of the Bhongas. •Even in situations where the roof collapses, its low weight ensures that the extent of injuries to occupants is very low. •Labours who constructs Bhungas and materials used •These constructions are carried out by local village masons. • The locally available soft stone can easily be cut or chiselled into rectangular blocks, which are used for wall masonry. •The local soil is used for mud mortar and to make adobe blocks. Locally available timber and bamboo are used for roof. • The entire construction process, which is carried out by the mason with very few unskilled laborers, can be completed within 30 days. • The construction of this type of housing takes place in a single phase. • Typically, the building is originally designed for its final constructed size. • Bhongas are never "designed" in the modern context. However, Bhonga architecture is a very unique aspect of traditional desert architecture of Kutch region in which the size, location and orientation of the Bhonga are planned for very good structural and functional results.
  • 20. Bhungas are connected through plinths and circulation is also carried out in that way.. A cluster of bhunga is built on one plinthus ually the cluster contains settlements of one whole family
  • 21. INTERIORS AND DECORATION Rural art on walls Windows decorated with mirrors
  • 22. Interiors of bhungas