wireless sensor networks using zigbee and wifi

Wireless Sensor Networks for
Microclimate
Telemonitoring using ZigBee and
WiFi
Y SUNIL RAJ KUMAR
MTECH ECE,
REG NO 14043029
DEPT OF ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING,
PONDICHERRY UNIVERSITY

ABSTRACT
Wireless Sensor Network is increasingly popular in the field of
microclimate monitoring due to its promising capability. Wireless
Sensor Network using many wireless communication protocols, such
as Bluetooth, ZigBee, ultra wideband, and WiFi. WiFi has many
advantages, i.e. high data rate and long range distances, but it
requires a high power. ZigBee uses less power, but it offers low
data rate and short range distances. This paper presents the
application of ZigBee and WiFi networks for microclimate
monitoring. Data of air temperature and humidity are collected
using ZigBee-WSN and then the data are transmitted from the
observed area to the monitoring center using WiFi transceiver This
system needs ZigBee – WiFi interface that convert the data format
from ZigBee protocol into TCP/IP protocol. Maximum distance
communication of ZigBee protocol is ± 200m in the outdoor area
with many obstacles.
17/04/15
Credit seminar ,Dept of electronics
engineering, Pondicherry University
2

CONTENTS
• Wireless Sensor Networks
• IEEE 802 standards
• WiFi (802.11)
• ZigBee [802.15.4]
• Comparative Study of WiFi and ZigBee
• SYSTEM DESIGN
• Flow chart of data collection using Xbee Pro
• Flow chart of data processing in coordinator
node
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CONTENTS
• Block diagram of zigbee and WiFi networks interface
• ZigBee transceiver
• WiFi transceiver
• Flow diagram of ZigBee to WiFi interface
• Conclusions
• References
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Wireless Sensor Networks
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• Mesh Coordinator: An entity that manages the
mesh network. It refers to the root of the logical
tree of a mesh network whose tree level equals
zero.
• End Device: A device that is not capable of
relaying data frames for other devices.
• Consider WiFi as a Mesh/Network Coordinator.
• Zigbee as a Coordinator.
• Sensor act as End device.
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IEEE 802 standards
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WiFi (802.11)
• Goals:
• To deliver services in wired
networks
• To achieve high throughput
• To achieve highly reliable data
delivery
• To achieve continuous
network connection.
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WiFi [802.11] protocol architecture
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Channels
• 2.4GHz (802.11b/g/n)
• 13+1channels designated in the 2.4G Hz range
spaced5MHz apart(with the exception of a 12MHz
spacing before Channel14).
• Using only channels1,6,11,and 14 is
recommended to avoid interference
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ZigBee [802.15.4]
• Low cost
• Low power consumption
• Low data rate
• Relatively short transmission range
• Scalability
• Reliability
• Flexible protocol design suitable for
many applications
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ZigBee Protocol Architecture
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13
PHY
868MHz / 915MHz / 2.4GHz
MAC
Application
Network
Star / Mesh / Cluster-Tree
Security
32- / 64- / 128-bit encryption
API
ZigBee
Alliance
IEEE
802.15.4
Customer

Operating frequency bands
The standard specifies two PHYs 868 MHz/915
MHz direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS)
PHY (11 channels)
 1 channel (20Kb/s) in European 868MHz
band
 10 channels (40Kb/s) in 915 (902-928)MHz
ISM band
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14
2.4 GHz
Channels 11-26
2.4835 GHz
5 MHz
2.4 GHz
PHY

Comparative Study of WiFi and ZigBee
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Standard Zigbee WIFI
IEEE Spectrum 802.15.4 802.11 a/b/g
Frequency band 868/915 MHz,2.4GHz 2.4GHz, 5GHz
Max signal rate 250Kb/s 54 Mb/s
Nominal Range 10-100m 100
Number of RF channels 16 14
Channel bandwidth 0.3/0.6MHz 22MHz
Modulation type BPSK,QPSK BPSK,QPSK,M-QAM
Spreading sequence DSSS DSSS,OFDM
Max no of cell Nodes >65000 2007
Authentication CBC-MAC WAP2(802.11i)
Data protection 16-bit CRC 32-bit CRC
Extension of basic cell Cluster tree, Mesh ESS

SYSTEM DESIGN
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SENSOR NODE 1
SENSOR NODE 2
SENSOR NODE 3
Human
Interface
ing
Monitorin
g
system
WIFI
Transr
eceive
r
ZIGBEE
-WIFI
INTER
AFACE

ZigBee Node Topology
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A
(CN)
C
D
E
F
B

• The first part ZigBee (Z-WSN) that consist five
sensor nodes, the second part is the design of
ZigBee
• Data of air temperature and humidity are
collected using ZigBee-WSN and then the data
are transmitted from the observed area to the
monitoring center using WiFi transceiver. This
system needs ZigBee–WiFi interface that convert
the data format from ZigBee protocol into TCP/IP
protocol.
17/04/15
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Flow chart of data collection using Xbee Pro

Flow chart of data processing in
coordinator node
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Block diagram of zigbee and WiFi
networks interface
• ZigBee and WiFi interface which convert the
data from ZigBee protocol to TCP/IP protocol
and applies vice versa.
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• ZigBee-WiFi interface consists of several
parts
A. ZigBee transceiver
B. WiFi transceiver
C. serial interface circuit port
D. (DB9)
E. MAX232 IC
F. power supply
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ZigBee transceiver
• Xbee PRO: Global operation in the
2.4GHz frequency band according
to IEEE 802.15.4
• Regional operation in the 915Mhz
(Americas) and 868Mhz (Europe)
• Frequency agile solution operating
over 16 channels in the 2.4GHz
frequency
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• Incorporates power saving mechanisms for all device
classes, plus support for battery-less devices
• Discovery mechanism with full application
confirmation
• Pairing mechanism with full application confirmation
• Multiple star topology and inter-personal area network
(PAN) communication
• Various transmission options including broadcast
• Security key generation mechanism
• Utilizes the industry standard AES-128 security scheme
• Supports Alliance standards or manufacturer specific
innovations

WiFi transceiver
• WIZ110SR is a gateway
module that converts RS-232
protocol into TCP/IP protocol.
• It enables remote gauging,
managing and control of a
device through the network
based on Ethernet and
TCP/IP by connecting to the
existing equipment with RS-
232 serial interface
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Protocol Architecture
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Flow diagram of ZigBee to WiFi interface
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CONCLUSIONS
Network which has been designed is work properly where
ZigBee Wireless Sensor Networks can collect the data of
air temperature and humidity from certain area, air
temperature sensors Using mesh topology, when one of
the node is off, then the others nodes can still sent the
data. Data from Z-WSN then convert to TCP/IP format
using ZigBee and WiFi interface. Finally, the data sent
from monitored area to the monitoring center using WiFi
transceiver based on point to point communication.
Maximum distance communication of ZigBee protocol is ±
200m in the outdoor area with many obstacles.
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REFERENCES
[1] Firdaus, Ahriman, Rois Akbar, Eko Nugroho Wireless Sensor Networks
for Microclimate Telemonitoring using ZigBee and WiFi ,2014 IEEE
conference on Aerospace and Remote Sensing Technology.
[2] Peng Yu; Xu Yong; Peng Xi-yuan, "GEMS: A WSN-based greenhouse
environment monitoring system," Instrumentation and Measurement
Technology Conference (I2MTC), 2011 IEEE, vol., no., pp.1,6, 10-12 May
2011.
[3]http://www.wiznet.co.kr/UpLoad_Files/ReferenceFiles/W5100_Datash
eet_v1.2.2.pdf.
[4]http://www.zgbee.org/zigbee-for-developers/network-
specifications/zigbeepro.
[5]N.Selvi, M.S.Balamurugan, Design And Control Of Internet Of Things
Enabled Wireless Sensor Networks‟, International Journal Of Engineering
Sciences & Research Technology (IJESRT) in 5th Jan 2014 issue ISSN: 2277-
9655
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wireless sensor networks using zigbee and wifi

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