Bio medical waste management

Bio Medical Waste Management
Dr.S.Sujatha MD.,DPH.,
Assistant Professor,
Department of Community Medicine
Chengalpattu Medical College

Synopsis
 Definition
 Objective
 Health Hazard
 Classification Of Health Care Waste
 Sources Of Health Care Waste
 Bio Medical Waste (Management) Rules 2016
 Categories And Colour Coding
 Methods Of Disposal
29 April 2018 2Chengalpattu Medical College

Definition
Bio-medical waste" means any waste, which is generated
during the diagnosis, treatment or immunization of human
beings or animals or in research activities pertaining
thereto or in the production or testing of biological.
Source-Bio-Medical Waste Management Rules, 2016

Objectives
 To minimize the production/generation of infective
waste.
 Recycle the waste after treating to the extent possible.
 Treat the waste by safe and environment
friendly/acceptable methods.
 Adequate care in handling to prevent healthcare-
associated infections.
 Safety precautions during handling the BMW.

Health Hazards
 HIV/AIDS
 Hepatitis B and C
 Tuberculosis
 Diarrhoeal diseases
 Pneumonias
 Health Care Associated Infections

Persons At Risk
29 April 2018 Chengalpattu Medical College

Label For Bio-medical Waste
Containers/Bags
Cytotoxic Hazard Symbol
Handle With Care
Note : Label shall be non-washable and
prominently visible.
Biohazard Symbol

Health Care waste
Healthcare Waste
85% Noninfectious
10% Infectious/
Hazardous and
5% chemical
/radioactive

Sources of Health Care Waste
 Government hospitals
 Private hospitals
 Nursing homes
 Physician's office/clinics
 Dentist's office/clinics
 Dispensaries
 Primary health centres
 Medical research and
training establishments
 Mortuaries
 Blood banks and
collection centres
 Animal houses
 Slaughter houses
 Laboratories
 Research organizations
 Vaccinating centres
 Bio-technology
institutions/production
units

Classification of Health Care Waste
1. Infectious waste:- Waste suspected to
contain pathogens.
E.g. laboratory cultures; waste from isolation
wards; tissues (swabs), materials, or
equipment's that have been in contact with
infected patients .
2. Pathological waste:-
Human tissues or fluids e.g. body parts;
blood and other body fluids, foetuses.

3. Sharps:-
Sharp waste e.g. needles, infusion sets, scalpels, knives,
blades, broken glass etc.
4. Pharmaceutical waste:-
Waste containing pharmaceuticals.
E.g. pharmaceuticals that are expired or no longer needed,
items contaminated by or containing pharmaceuticals
(bottles. boxes)

5. Genotoxic waste:-
Waste containing substances with genotoxic properties
e.g. waste containing cytostatic drugs(often used in cancer
therapy), genotoxic chemicals
6. Chemical waste:-
Waste containing chemical substances.
e.g. laboratory reagents, film developer,
disinfectants that are expired or
no longer needed, solvents.

7. Wastes with high content of heavy metals:-
E.g. Batteries, broken thermometers,
blood-pressure gauges etc.
8. Pressurized containers:-
E.g Gas cylinders, gas cartridges,
aerosol cans.

9. Radioactive waste:-
Waste containing radioactive substances
E.g. unused liquids from radiotherapy or laboratory
research, contaminated glassware and packages.

Bio Medical Waste
(Management)Rules 2016
 The MoE,F&CC has notified the new BMW (M) Rules,
2016 on 28TH March 2016.
 Under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986
 Replaced the earlier Rules (1998) and the amendments
thereof.
 4 categories
 Yellow,Red,Blue and White

Bio Medical Waste
 No occupier shall establish on-site treatment and
disposal facility, if a service of ` common BMW treatment
facility is available at a distance of 75 km.
 Untreated waste shall not be stored beyond a period of
forty – eight hours .
 Household generated BMW.
 The onsite pretreatment of laboratory waste,
microbiological waste, blood samples and blood bags as
per the guidelines of WHO or NACO.

Bio Medical Waste
 Phase out use of chlorinated plastic bags, gloves and blood
bags within two years from the date of notification of these
rules
 All plastic bags shall be as per BIS standards (Bureau of
Indian Standards).
 Immunise with Hepatitis B and Tetanus
 Vaccination to be certified & Documented
 Personal Protective Equipments

Category Biomedical waste Treatment/Disposal
Yellow Human Anatomical
waste
Incineration / Plasma
Pyrolysis/deep burial
Animal waste Incineration/Plasma Pyrolysis/
deep burial
Soiled Waste Incineration /Plasma
Pyrolysis/ deep burial
Expired or
Discarded Medicines
Incineration at temperature
>1200 C/Plasma Pyrolysis
Chemical Waste Disposed of by incineration or
Plasma Pyrolysis or
Encapsulation in
hazardous waste treatment,

Yellow Chemical Liquid
Waste.
The chemical liquid waste
shall be pre-treated before
mixing with other wastewater.
ETP (Effluent Treatment
Plant)
Discarded linen,
mattresses, beddings
contaminated with
blood or body fluid.
Non- chlorinated chemical
disinfection
followed by incineration or
Plasma Pyrolysis or for energy
recovery.
Microbiology,
Biotechnology and
other clinical
laboratory waste.
Pre-treat to sterilize with non-
chlorinated Chemicals:-
Incineration

Category Biomedical
waste
Treatment/Disposal
Red Contaminated Waste
(Recyclable)
Tubing, bottles,
intravenous tubes
and
sets, catheters, urine
bags, syringes
(without needles)
Autoclaving or micro-waving
Sent to registered or
authorized recyclers or for
energy
recovery or plastics to diesel
or fuel oil
or for road making, whichever
is
possible.

Category Biomedical
waste
Treatment/Disposal
White
Translucent
Puncture
proof, Leak
proof, tamper
proof
containers.
Waste sharps
including Metals.
Autoclaving or Dry Heat
Sterilization
Shredding

Safe Handling of Sharps
 Wear Gloves
 Needles should never be recapped
 Use needle hub cutter
 Syringe hub should be cut and disposed in red plastic bin
 Needle stick injuries to be reported, Documented, if
needed
 Post Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP) to be taken

aa…………………… HUB CUTTER

Blue
Cardboard
boxes
with blue
colored
marking
Glassware Disinfection / autoclaving or
Microwaving
Recycling.
Metallic Body Implants

Remember..
 Expired / Cytotoxic /Discarded-
un opened vials-Yellow
 Broken/ Discarded-(other than cytotoxic waste)
opened vial-Blue

Bags once tied
should not be re-opened

Trolley

Bio Medical Waste
Weighing and Documentation

Common Storage Area
 Safe ventilated, secure location
 No secondary handling
 No scattering or spillage by animals
 Impermeable layers
 Easy washable
 Defined road
 Colour painting to each category.

Monitoring and Record Maintenance for
Bio Medical Waste
Five types of Register
1. Register for Daily Collection at Source
2. Register for source wise collection for the day
3. Monthly consolidated Register
4. Register for needle stick injuries
5. Plastic infusion bottle/cans register

Blood Spills
Ensure that the gloves are used before Handling.
Cover the spill with absorbent cotton or cloth.
Discard this cloth in to the yellow bin.
Disinfect the surface with 1% Sodium Hypochlorite
Solution / 5 % Phenol for 30 minutes.
Cover the disinfectant area with absorbent cotton or
cloth.
Discard this cloth in to the yellow bin
Finally, use the normal mop.

Mercury Spills
Open all the windows immediately.
All the heaters and air conditioners should be
switched off.
Vaccum cleaner and Broom should not be used
Remove all the jewels and watches.
Ensure that the gloves, safety goggles, N 95
mask are fitted on, before handling.

Mercury Spills
Spilled mercury should be collected with the
cardboard and sucked with the syringes or use
mercury spill kit.
Empty the syringes with mercury in a container with
water.
It should be labelled as mercury waste and stored in
a Separate place in Stores.
 All the mercury spill surfaces should be
decontaminated with 10 % sodium-thiosulfate
solution

Sputum Cups
Ensure that the gloves are fitted on before Handling.
Remove the lid from the sputum cups.
Place the sputum cup with its lid opened into a
container which contains 5% Phenol Solution or
Phenolic compound diluted to 5% and keep it for 12
hours. The cups and lid should be fully immersed in
solution.
After 12 hours lift the disinfected sputum cups from
the container and transit to Red bins intended for
plastic waste.
Solution is drained into the collection system.

Summary
 4 categories
 Segregate the waste.
 Use personal protection device while handling the waste.
 Ensure Universal Health Precautions
 Training and immunization of health care workers.

LET THE WASTES OF
“THE SICK”
NOT CONTAMINATE THE LIVES OF
“THE HEALTHY”…….

Bio medical waste management

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