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The end of the car city - A convenient truth
- THE END OF THE CAR CITY ”A convenient truth” Alexander Ståhle, PHD & CEO ǀ URBAN RESEARCH & DESIGNSPACESCAPE
- Why cities?
- Proximity creates livability
- Proximity creates innovation
- Proximity creates social wellfare
- Vad gör en attraktiv plats? Fungerar planen som det var tänkt? Vad skapar närhet och flöden? SOFO Proximity creates value
- Housing value is 90% walkability in Stockholm Appartment prices in Stockholm regionUrban qualities
- “Walkability command a premium of $4-34,000” CEO for Cities (2009) ”Walkable urban””Drivable suburban”
- SHOPS DENSITYDENSITY SHOPS STOCKHOLM MALMÖÖREBRO RESTAURANTS DENSITY “Cities are proximity, density, closeness” Edward Glaeser
- Density decreases car use Density Travel Dunphy RT and Fisher K (1996)
- Average commute in Hong Kong is 11 min
- “Individuals living near transit had a significantly higher level of trust and reciprocity and connections with neighbors.” Patterns of social capital associated with transit oriented development, Journal of Transport Geography, 2014
- “Denser areas have greater economic mobility.“ (Measuring sprawl, SGA, 2014)
- “The compact walkable city enhance livelihoods for the poor through affordable mobility. It lower social segregation through proximity of affordable housing to places of work”. Joan Clos, UN Habitat
- “An advanced city is not where the poor drive cars, but where the rich take public transport” Enrique Penalosa
- Car accessiblity do not affect appartment prices or office rents in Stockholm Public transport accessibility Officerent
- Failing office areas without transit and walkability Infra City, Upplands Väsby
- Inside Infra City, Upplands Väsby Inside failing office areas…
- "People in denser areas are more physically active." (Neighborhood environment and physical activity, Eriksson, 2013)
- "People in denser areas have longer life expectancies." (Measuring sprawl, SGA, 2014)
- 5% drive to shop downtown in New York and in Stockholm (PPS 2010, Spacescape 2012)
- "Pedestrians spend 65% more than drivers" Transport for London (2014)
- “1/3 of America’s malls are dead or dying” deadmalls.com
- Wallmart and IKEA goes urban
- Gallerian shopping mall, Stockholm
- Photoshop Gallerian shopping mall, Stockholm
- Why not car cities?
- People in cars can…
- People in cars can´t interact
- ”When in my car I get a different set of values” Louis CK
- New study on “road rage” (Gatersleben, Murtagh, White 2013): •Car use has negative effects on urban communities by affecting social perceptions. •More car use through a relatively poor area is associated with less positive views of that area. •More walking through a relatively poor area is related to more positive views of the area. •Attitudes towards young people are more negative when they are seen from a car. •Attitudes towards young people are most positive when seen from a pedestrian perspective. ”Attitudes to people more negative when seen from a car”
- Car traffic segregate neighborhoods Livable streets, Donald Appleyard (1981)
- Car traffic is the most common complaint Västra Ursvik, Sundbyberg Rinkeby Ursvik
- Car dependency is unequal - Women and poor drive less (A car costs approx. $900 a month)
- Cars take up space
- Cars take up too much space
- “Parking is the most incorrectly valued urban asset... A $310 bn parking subsidy, 5X the education budget.” (Public Parking Fees and Fines, Public Works Management & Policy, 2014)
- Car infrastructure is heavily subsidized
- Sprawl consumes land “In the last decade, an area larger than the entire state of Maryland -- more than 33,000 square km of farmland, woodlands and other natural habitat beyond the edges of the nation's cities” (2014)
- Ecosystems are destroyed and fragmented
- ”Green” cars?
- Traffic make 20-25% of all CO2 Peak oil…?
- The ecological footprint of a car is X800
- Acid rain kills nature and pollutes water
- ”Long live the pedestrians” says who?
- Car speed means death
- Streets where playgrounds before the car Allmänna vägen, Göteborg 1910
- Bad density means more sprawl - forces families to move to the suburbs
- Cars kill 1,2 Mn and injure 39 Mn every year
- Car driving promotes obesity and early death
- 2,4 Mn people dies from smog every year
- ”Car driving is like drug addiction” (The compulsive habit of cars, Trends in cognitive science, 2014)
- ”Choice blindness”
- Car city
- Car city Walk city
- The end of the suburbs – A war on the dream?
- Who says walk cities?
- “We should embrace policies that promote the compact city” Joan Clos, UN Habitat
- “City transport is about moving people, not vehicles” Rachel Kyte, World Bank
- “High quality sidewalks are the most basic element of a democratic city.” Enrique Peñalosa, ITDP
- “Pedestrians and cyclists and bus riders are more important — than car riders.” Michael Bloomberg, NYC
- New American policies for walk cities New York Chicago
- New Swedish policies for walk cities
- Walk cities reclaimed
- Cities are being reclaimed and repaired
- Squares are reclaimed Time square, NY
- Freeways are reclaimed CicLAvia, Los Angeles
- This used to be as freeway…” Hayes Valley San Francisco
- Parks are reclaimed Champs Elysées, Paris
- Parking spaces are reclaimed
- Gardens are reclaimed
- Playgrounds are reclaimed
- Downtowns are reclaimed Detroit
- Small towns too – FLEN 2013
- Small towns too – FLEN 2015
- Small towns too – FLEN 2020
- ǀ URBAN RESEARCH & DESIGNSPACESCAPE Alexander Ståhle PhD & CEO Spacescape alexander.stahle@spacescape.se www.spacescape.se