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JavaFX 2.0 and Scala, Like Milkand Cookies Stephen Chin Chief Agile Methodologist, GXS steveonjava@gmail.com tweet: @steveonjava

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Meet the Presenter Stephen Chin > Chief Agile Methodologist, GXS Family Man > Java Champion > Open Source Hacker  JFXtras Motorcyclist  ScalaFX  Visage > User Group Leader  Silicon Valley JavaFX User Group  Streamed Live!

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JavaFX 2.0 PlatformImmersive Application Experience> Cross-platform Animation, Video, Charting> Integrate Java, JavaScript, and HTML5 in the same application> New graphics stack takes advantage of hardware acceleration for 2D and 3D applications> Use your favorite IDE: NetBeans, Eclipse, IntelliJ, etc.

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Programming Languages> JavaFX Script is no longer supported by Oracle  Existing JavaFX Script based applications will continue to run  Visage is the open-source successor to the JavaFX Script language> JavaFX 2.0 APIs are now in Java  Pure Java APIs for all of JavaFX  Binding and Sequences exposed as Java APIs  FXML Markup for tooling

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JavaFXScala 5

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JavaFX With Java

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JavaFX in Java> JavaFX API uses an enhanced JavaBeans pattern> Similar in feel to other UI toolkits (Swing, Pivot, etc.)> Uses builder pattern to minimize boilerplate

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Example Applicationpublic class HelloStage extends Application { @Override public void start(Stage stage) { stage.setTitle("Hello Stage"); stage.setWidth(600); stage.setHeight(450); Group root = new Group(); Scene scene = new Scene(root); scene.setFill(Color.LIGHTGREEN); stage.setScene(scene); stage.show(); } public static void main(String[] args) { Application.launch(args); }}

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Example Application Using Builderspublic class HelloStage extends Application { @Override public void start(Stage stage) { stage.setTitle("Hello Stage"); stage.setScene(SceneBuilder.create() .fill(Color.LIGHTGREEN) .width(600) .height(450) .build()); stage.show(); } public static void main(String[] args) { Application.launch(args); }}

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Observable Properties> Supports watching for changes to properties> Implemented via anonymous inner classes> Will take advantage of closures in the future

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Observable Pseudo-Propertiesfinal Rectangle rect = new Rectangle();rect.setX(40);rect.setY(40);rect.setWidth(100);rect.setHeight(200);rect.hoverProperty().addListener(new ChangeListener<Boolean>() {});

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Observable Pseudo-Propertiesfinal Rectangle rect = new Rectangle();rect.setX(40); The property we want to watchrect.setY(40);rect.setWidth(100);rect.setHeight(200);rect.hoverProperty().addListener(new ChangeListener<Boolean>() {});

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Observable Pseudo-Propertiesfinal Rectangle rect = new Rectangle();rect.setX(40); Only one listener used withrect.setY(40); generics to specify the data typerect.setWidth(100);rect.setHeight(200);rect.hoverProperty().addListener(new ChangeListener<Boolean>() {});

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Observable Pseudo-Propertiesfinal Rectangle rect = new Rectangle();rect.setX(40);rect.setY(40);rect.setWidth(100);rect.setHeight(200);rect.hoverProperty().addListener(new ChangeListener<Boolean>() { public void changed(ObservableValue<? extends Boolean> property, Boolean oldValue, Boolean value) { }}); Refers to the Rectangle.hoverProperty()

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Observable Pseudo-Propertiesfinal Rectangle rect = new Rectangle();rect.setX(40);rect.setY(40);rect.setWidth(100);rect.setHeight(200);rect.hoverProperty().addListener(new ChangeListener<Boolean>() { public void changed(ObservableValue<? extends Boolean> property, Boolean oldValue, Boolean value) { rect.setFill(rect.isHover() ? Color.GREEN : Color.RED); }});

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Binding> Unquestionably the biggest JavaFX Script innovation> Supported via a PropertyBinding class> Lazy invocation for high performance> Static construction syntax for simple cases  e.g.: bind(<property>), bindBiDirectional(<property>)

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Sequences in Java> Replaced with an Observable List> Public API is based on JavaFX sequences> Internal code can use lighter collections API> JavaFX 2.0 also has an Observable Map

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Vanishing Circles 18

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Application Skeletonpublic class VanishingCircles extends Application { public static void main(String[] args) { Application.launch(args); } @Override public void start(Stage primaryStage) { primaryStage.setTitle("Vanishing Circles"); Group root = new Group(); Scene scene = new Scene(root, 800, 600, Color.BLACK); [create the circles…] root.getChildren().addAll(circles); primaryStage.setScene(scene); primaryStage.show(); [begin the animation…] }}

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Create the CirclesList<Circle> circles = new ArrayList<Circle>();for (int i = 0; i < 50; i++) { final Circle circle = new Circle(150); circle.setCenterX(Math.random() * 800); circle.setCenterY(Math.random() * 600); circle.setFill(new Color(Math.random(), Math.random(), Math.random(), .2)); circle.setEffect(new BoxBlur(10, 10, 3)); circle.setStroke(Color.WHITE); [setup binding…] [setup event listeners…] circles.add(circle);} 20

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Setup Bindingcircle.strokeWidthProperty().bind(Bindings .when(circle.hoverProperty()) .then(4) .otherwise(0)); 21

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Setup Event Listenerscircle.addEventHandler(MouseEvent.MOUSE_CLICKED, new EventHandler<MouseEvent>() { public void handle(MouseEvent t) { KeyValue collapse = new KeyValue(circle.radiusProperty(), 0); new Timeline(new KeyFrame(Duration.seconds(3), collapse)).play(); }}); 22

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Begin the AnimationTimeline moveCircles = new Timeline();for (Circle circle : circles) { KeyValue moveX = new KeyValue(circle.centerXProperty(), Math.random() * 800); KeyValue moveY = new KeyValue(circle.centerYProperty(), Math.random() * 600); moveCircles.getKeyFrames().add(new KeyFrame(Duration.seconds(40), moveX, moveY));}moveCircles.play(); 23

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JavaFX With Scala 24

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What is Scala 2012 2001 2006 • Scala 2.9.1-1 • Scala Started • Scala v2.0 (latest) 2003/2004 2011 • Scala v1.0 • Scala 2.9.1> Started in 2001 by Martin Odersky> Compiles to Java bytecodes> Pure object-oriented language> Also a functional programming language 25

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Why Scala?> Shares many language features with JavaFX Script that make GUI programming easier:  Static Type Checking – Catch your errors at compile time  Closures – Wrap behavior and pass it by reference  Declarative – Express the UI by describing what it should look like> Scala also supports Type Safe DSLs!  Implicit Conversions – type safe class extension  Operator Overloading – with standard precedence rules 26

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Java vs. Scala DSLpublic class VanishingCircles extends Application { object VanishingCircles extends JFXApp { var circles: Seq[Circle] = null public static void main(String[] args) { stage = new Stage { Application.launch(args); title = "Vanishing Circles" } width = 800 height = 600 @Override scene = new Scene { public void start(Stage primaryStage) { fill = BLACK primaryStage.setTitle("Vanishing Circles"); circles = for (i <- 0 until 50) yield new Circle { Group root = new Group(); centerX = random * 800 Scene scene = new Scene(root, 800, 600, Color.BLACK); centerY = random * 600 List<Circle> circles = new ArrayList<Circle>(); radius = 150 for (int i = 0; i < 50; i++) { fill = color(random, random, random, .2) final Circle circle = new Circle(150); effect = new BoxBlur(10, 10, 3) 40 Lines circle.setCenterX(Math.random() * 800); circle.setCenterY(Math.random() * 600); circle.setFill(new Color(Math.random(), Math.random(), Math.random(), .2)); circle.setEffect(new BoxBlur(10, 10, 3)); 33 Lines strokeWidth <== when (hover) then 4 otherwise 0 stroke = WHITE onMouseClicked = { Timeline(at (3 s) {radius -> 0}).play() 1299 Characters circle.addEventHandler(MouseEvent.MOUSE_CLICKED, new EventHandler<MouseEvent>() { public void handle(MouseEvent t) { KeyValue collapse = new KeyValue(circle.radiusProperty(), 0); } } } 591 Characters content = circles new Timeline(new KeyFrame(Duration.seconds(3), collapse)).play(); } } }); new Timeline { circle.setStroke(Color.WHITE); cycleCount = INDEFINITE circle.strokeWidthProperty().bind(Bindings.when(circle.hoverProperty()) autoReverse = true .then(4) keyFrames = for (circle <- circles) yield at (40 s) { .otherwise(0)); Set( circles.add(circle); circle.centerX -> random * stage.width, } circle.centerY -> random * stage.height root.getChildren().addAll(circles); ) primaryStage.setScene(scene); } primaryStage.show(); }.play(); } Timeline moveCircles = new Timeline(); for (Circle circle : circles) { KeyValue moveX = new KeyValue(circle.centerXProperty(), Math.random() * 800); KeyValue moveY = new KeyValue(circle.centerYProperty(), Math.random() * 600); moveCircles.getKeyFrames().add(new KeyFrame(Duration.seconds(40), moveX, moveY)); } moveCircles.play(); }} 27

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object VanishingCircles extends JFXApp { stage = new Stage { title = "Disappearing Circles" width = 800 height = 600 scene = new Scene { fill = BLACK content = for (i <- 0 until 50) yield new Circle { centerX = random * 800 centerY = random * 600 radius = 150 fill = color(random, random, random, 0.2) effect = new BoxBlur(10, 10, 3) } } }} 28

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object VanishingCircles extends JFXApp { stage = new Stage { title = "Disappearing Circles" width = 800 height = 600 class for JavaFX Base applications scene = new Scene { fill = BLACK content = for (i <- 0 until 50) yield new Circle { centerX = random * 800 centerY = random * 600 radius = 150 fill = color(random, random, random, 0.2) effect = new BoxBlur(10, 10, 3) } } }} 29

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object VanishingCircles extends JFXApp { stage = new Stage { title = "Disappearing Circles" width = 800 height = 600 Declarative Stage scene = new Scene { fill = BLACK definition content = for (i <- 0 until 50) yield new Circle { centerX = random * 800 centerY = random * 600 radius = 150 fill = color(random, random, random, 0.2) effect = new BoxBlur(10, 10, 3) } } }} 30

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object VanishingCircles extends JFXApp { stage = new Stage { title = "Disappearing Circles" width = 800 Inline property height = 600 definitions scene = new Scene { fill = BLACK content = for (i <- 0 until 50) yield new Circle { centerX = random * 800 centerY = random * 600 radius = 150 fill = color(random, random, random, 0.2) effect = new BoxBlur(10, 10, 3) } } }} 31

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object VanishingCircles extends JFXApp { stage = new Stage { title = "Disappearing Circles" width = 800 Sequence Creation Via height = 600 Loop scene = new Scene { fill = BLACK content = for (i <- 0 until 50) yield new Circle { centerX = random * 800 centerY = random * 600 radius = 150 fill = color(random, random, random, 0.2) effect = new BoxBlur(10, 10, 3) } } }} 32

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Binding in ScalaInfix Addition/Subtraction/Multiplication/Division:height <== rect1.height + rect2.heightAggregate Operators:width <== max(rect1.width, rect2.width, rect3.width)Conditional Expressions:strokeWidth <== when (hover) then 4 otherwise 0Compound Expressions:text <== when (rect.hover || circle.hover && !disabled) then textField.text + " is enabled" otherwise "disabled" 33

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Animation in Scalaval timeline = new Timeline { cycleCount = INDEFINITE autoReverse = true keyFrames = for (circle <- circles) yield at (40 s) { Set( circle.centerX -> random * stage.width, circle.centerY -> random * stage.height ) }}timeline.play(); 34

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JavaFX Script-like animationAnimation in Scala syntax: at (duration) {keyframes}val timeline = new Timeline { cycleCount = INDEFINITE autoReverse = true keyFrames = for (circle <- circles) yield at (40 s) { Set( circle.centerX -> random * stage.width, circle.centerY -> random * stage.height ) }}timeline.play(); 35

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Animation in Scalaval timeline = new Timeline { cycleCount = INDEFINITE autoReverse = true keyFrames = for (circle <- circles) yield at (40 s) { Set( circle.centerX -> random * stage.width, circle.centerY -> random * stage.height ) }}timeline.play(); Operator overloading for animation syntax 36

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Animation in Scalaval timeline = new Timeline { cycleCount = INDEFINITE autoReverse = true keyFrames = for (circle <- circles) yield at (40 s) { Set( circle.centerX -> random * stage.width tween EASE_BOTH, circle.centerY -> random * stage.height tween EASE_IN ) }}timeline.play(); Optional tween syntax 37

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Event Listeners in Scala> Supported using the built-in Closure syntax> Optional arguments for event objects> 100% type-safe onMouseClicked = { Timeline(at(3 s){radius->0}).play() } 38

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Event Listeners in Scala> Supported using the built-in Closure syntax> Optional arguments for event objects> 100% type-safe onMouseClicked = { Timeline(at(3 s){radius->0}).play() } Compact syntax {body} 39

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Event Listeners in Scala> Supported using the built-in Closure syntax> Optional arguments for event objects Optional event> 100% type-safe parameter {(event) => body} onMouseClicked = { (e: MouseEvent) => Timeline(at(3 s){radius->0}).play() } 40

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ScalaFX Internals a.k.a. How to Write Your Own Scala DSLWith quotes from Stephen Colebourne (@jodastephen) to helpus keep our sanity!Disclaimer: Statements taken from http://blog.joda.org and may not accurately reflect his opinion or viewpoint. 41

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Application Initialization> JavaFX Requires all UI code executed on the Application Thread> But our ScalaFX Application has no start method:object VanishingCircles extends JFXApp { stage = new Stage { … }} How Does This Code Work?!? 42

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DelayedInit> Introduced in Scala 2.9> How to Use It:1. Extend a special trait called DelayedInit2. Implement a method of type:  def delayedInit(x: => Unit): Unit3. Store off the init closure and call it on the Application Thread Joda says… For me, Scala didnt throw enough away and added too much - a lethal combination. 43

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Hierarchical Implicit Conversions> ScalaFX defines a set of proxies that mirror the JavaFX hierarchy> JavaFX classes are "implicitly" wrapped when you call a ScalaFX API> But Scala implicit priority ignores type hierarchy! JFXNode SFXNode JFXShape ? SFXShape JFXCircle ! SFXCircle 44

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N-Level Implicit Precedence> Scala throws an exception if two implicits have the same precedence> Classes that are extended have 1 lower precedence:object HighPriorityIncludes extends LowerPriorityIncludes {…}trait LowerPriorityIncludes {…}> You can stack extended traits n-levels deep to reduce precision by n Joda says… Well, it may be type safe, but its also silent and very deadly. 45

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Properties> JavaFX supports properties of type Boolean, Integer, Long, Float, Double, String, and Object> Properties use Generics for type safety> But generics dont support primitives…> JavaFX solves this with 20 interfaces and 44 classes for all the type/readable/writable combinations.> Can we do better? 46

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@specialized> Special annotation that generates primitive variants of the class> Improves performance by avoiding boxing/unboxing trait ObservableValue[@specialized(Int, Long, Float , Double, Boolean) T, J]> Cuts down on code duplication (ScalaFX only has 18 property/value classes total) Joda says… Whatever the problem, the type system is bound to be part of the solution. 47

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Bindings> How does Scala know what order to evaluate this in?text <== when (rect.hover || circle.hover&& !disabled) then textField.text + " isenabled" otherwise "disabled And why the funky bind operator?!? 48

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Operator Precedence Rules> First Character Determines Precedence Lowest Precedence 10. (all letters) Exception Assignment 9. | Operators, which are 8. ^ even lower… 7. & 6. < > 11. Assignment Operators 5. = ! end with equal 4. : > But dont start with equal 3. + * > And cannot be one of:  <= 2. / %  >= 1. (all other special  != characters) Highest Precedence 49

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Operator Precedencetext <== when (rect.hover || circle.hover 11 10 9&& !disabled) then textField.text + " is7 5 10 3enabled" otherwise "disabled" 10 Joda says… Personally, I find the goal of the open and flexible syntax (arbitrary DSLs) to be not worth the pain 50

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Conclusion> You can use Scala and JavaFX together.> ScalaFX provides cleaner APIs that are tailor designed for Scala.> Try using ScalaFX today and help contribute APIs for our upcoming 1.0 release! http://code.google.com/p/scalafx/

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Stephen Chin steveonjava@gmail.com tweet: @steveonjavaPro JavaFX 2 Platform Available Now! 52