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POWER PLANT FLEXIBILITY AS THE FUTURE
KEY SOURCE OF VALUE
September 2013
Stephen Woodhouse
COPYRIGHT@PÖYRYCOPYRIGHT©PÖYRY 2
Agenda
1. Why is there an increasing need for flexibility?
2. Why do current incentives for flexible capability fall short?
3. What is the best way forward?
REVEALING FLEXIBILITY VALUE PROPOSAL
24 May 2013
COPYRIGHT@PÖYRY 3
European renewable targets mean that prices and dispatch
patterns will be dictated by wind and solar
Projected changes in wholesale prices from 2010 to 2030
Greater flexibility
will be needed to
operate the
electricity system
Four main options:
1. Flexible generation
2. Increased
interconnection
3. Demand Side
Response (DSR)
4. Electricity storage
20102030
Projected generation on a sunny day across N Europe in 2030
COPYRIGHT©PÖYRY 4
‘Flexibility’ is one of the keys to unlock market-based
decarbonisation
Achieving intensity below 100gCO2/kWh through market means is dependent on
supporting developments, including availability of “flexibility” in various forms
Relationship between carbon emission intensity and carbon price from market
• This is derived from our
multi-client study on
“Future Market Design”
which has just been
completed
• Figures relate to 17
countries in North and
Western Europe
• Other key findings are
shown in the Annex to this
presentation
LIBERALISATION AND DECARBONISATION
JULY 2013
COPYRIGHT@PÖYRY
Instead of flexibility, Europe is rewarding capacity
(but not across borders)
5
GB
Developing capacity
auctions
SEM
CCGT tender
(2002/3); Ongoing
price-based capacity
mechanism
France
Call for tender;
Capacity obligations
being developed
Portugal
Price based capacity
mechanism for new
units
Spain
Current price based
capacity mechanism
being re-developed
Italy
Proposals to replace
current mechanism (with
low payments) with
reliability contracts
Greece
Quantity based capacity
mechanism
Germany
Discussions about
introduction of national
capacity mechanisms;
Grid stability reserves in
south since 2011
Poland
Proposals for new market
with capacity mechanism
Sweden & Finland
Strategic reserve
supplements energy only
market
Belgium
Tenders for new CCGT
COPYRIGHT©PÖYRY 6
What is the requirement for flexibility?
Decarbonisation increases need for flexibility
What is the impact of capacity mechanisms?
Risk paying for the wrong technology
How can flexibility be traded across borders?
Implementation of EU ‘Target Model’
Who needs to buy flexible capability?
Greater balance responsibility, especially RES
Further important questions for the implementation of new
arrangements to reward flexible capability
European electricity markets must change (2014) to improve cross-border trading
Existing ‘wide’ capacity mechanism
Existing ‘narrow’ capacity mechanism
Proposed capacity mechanism
Projected difference between day-ahead and out-turn (GB)Projected 2030 wholesale electricity prices in Northern Europe
How much cross-zonal capacity is
available for sale in each timeframe?
What are the mechanisms and rules
for selling cross-zonal capacity?
How much harmonisation of balancing
and imbalance arrangements?
COPYRIGHT©PÖYRY 7
Greater flexibility will be needed to operate the electricity system
The common consensus is that higher levels of wind and solar generation driven by
RES targets will prove challenging to electricity system operation
RES curtailment
Regulators and TSOs are
faced with intermittency
challenges
Greater curtailment of wind
and solar generation is a
likely option
Curtailment increases the
cost associated with
renewable energy; support
arrangements may change
Greater challenge to meet
carbon emissions and RES
targets
Hidden flexibility
Requirement is understood,
but value is not transparent
Payments made indirectly
through CPM regimes or
TSO ad hoc procurement
and balancing
Imbalance prices are not
reflective of reserve holding
and flexibility costs
Potentially leads to
inefficient outcomes
Revealed flexibility
RAs and TSOs make it a
key goal to directly expose
flexibility value
Creation of ‘flexibility
markets’. Energy options,
intra-day trading, cross-
border balancing
Intra-day trading across
interconnectors is important
for selling flexibility across
price zones
Cross border balancing
services requires common
definitions of capability (but
not common products)
1 2 3
How will system operation and market frameworks adapt?
LIBERALISATION AND DECARBONISATION
JULY 2013
COPYRIGHT@PÖYRYCOPYRIGHT©PÖYRY 8
Agenda
1. Why is there an increasing need for flexibility?
2. Why do current incentives for flexible capability fall short?
3. What is the best way forward?
COPYRIGHT@PÖYRYCOPYRIGHT©PÖYRY 9
Why might current incentives for flexible capability not be
sufficient?
Can the existing frameworks provide appropriate incentives for new investment if
flexible capability becomes more scarce?
Income for flexible capability is typically obtained from:
• Energy revenue from conventional operation, supplemented by
Short-term spikes in spot prices
Balancing market
Specific contracts with the grid operator
Capacity mechanisms in some markets
• Premium for providing output at short notice/over short timescales is often low
Today, there is no shortage of plants with flexibility capabilities (but this will change)
• There is limited ability for the true value of flexible capability to be revealed:
Grid operator payments are often fixed (not market based) for specific services (monopsony buyer)
Spot and balancing prices are smoothed (Regulatory pressure and TSO actions)
Limited ability to realise cross-border value of flexible capability
However:
COPYRIGHT@PÖYRY 10
There is a risk of inappropriate future levels of flexible capability
Market rules must be able to cope with uncertainty about the future value drivers
for flexibility
• Capacity mix and growth of
technologies with uncertain or variable
output
• Improvements in forecasting (demand,
wind/solar output)
• Policy environments – e.g. encouraging
rigid behaviour in demand and
generation
Drivers for future flexibility need
• Amount of existing older thermal plants
that remain open
• Level of cross-border coordination and
efficient use of interconnectors
• Development of innovative technologies
• Improvements in flexibility parameters
of thermal plant
• Technology and cost developments of
demand side response
Drivers for future supply of capability
Appropriate remuneration is the key factor
• Under- or overpayments are likely to deliver inappropriate levels of flexibility
• Basing payments on ‘wrong’ attributes (which are not scarce) brings regulatory risk
(as the payments may change in future)
COPYRIGHT@PÖYRYCOPYRIGHT©PÖYRY 11
Agenda
1. Why is there an increasing need for flexibility?
2. Why do current incentives for flexible capability fall short?
3. What is the best way forward?
COPYRIGHT©PÖYRY
• Significant – 28%
• Moderate – 50%
• Minor – 22%
How much demand side flexibility will ‘smart’
solutions provide by 2030?
• Electricity – 25%
• Capacity – 9%
• Flexibility – 56%
• Other – 9%
Which product / market do you think will be the
key source of value in future?
• Smart Energy – 14%
• Capacity payments – 7%
• Reserve/flexibility markets – 66%
• Bigger ancillary service payments by TSOs – 14%
What market design changes are needed to
unlock future value?
Voting on the day revealed that ‘flexibility’ is believed to be the missing market
12
Pöyry, with Eurelectric, held an energy policy discussion forum to
consider the decarbonisation challenge
COPYRIGHT©PÖYRY
10 SEPTEMBER 2013
REVEALING FLEXIBILITY VALUE - WORKSHOP 2 13
In our study, we have agreed on the objective to be met by any
proposed solutions to better reveal the value of flexibility
“To find most economically efficient way of facilitating European goals for
decarbonisation and security of supply,
through signals and behavioural incentives for all market participants based
on ‘market’ values for all services,
with ‘simultaneous’ optimisation across timeframes and locations”
Any solutions should be robust to both continuous trading and periodic auctions
COPYRIGHT©PÖYRY
10 SEPTEMBER 2013
REVEALING FLEXIBILITY VALUE - WORKSHOP 2 14
Optimisation across timeframes – is it better to commit the
resource now or hold it to meet later contingencies?
Resources in Country A
Forward
DAM
IDM
Balancing
Resources in Country B
Forward
DAM
IDM
Balancing
Cross-zonal
capacity
Resources can be generation, storage, cross-zonal transmission or demand-side
Overall welfare optimisation
through market-based mechanisms
COPYRIGHT©PÖYRY
(Physical) energy
options as tradable
product for flexible
capability
15
We have identified a number of elements to efficiently incentivise
delivery of flexible capability
The objective is to find the most efficient way of facilitating European goals for
decarbonisation through incentives for all market participants based on ‘market’
values, with ‘simultaneous’ optimisation across locations and timeframes
Sharper incentives to
balance supply and
demand
Nationalarrangements
Electricity market participants
do not place ‘true’ value on
having access to flexible
capability
Need tools to allow buyers
and sellers of flexibility to
better manage price and
volume risks in low-carbon
future
Reserve procurement by TSO
(single buyer) not facilitate
innovative approaches to
provisions
Greater ‘flexibility’ in
procurement of
reserve capability
No market-based mechanisms to
allocate cross-zonal capacity between
use of for energy and use for flexibility
Cross-border mechanisms for
market-based access of flexibility to
cross-zonal capacity
Copyright © 2013 Pöyry Management Consulting (UK) Ltd
All rights reserved
Is full trading of flexibility a more appropriate option to reveal the
value of flexibility?
16
Unlikely to provide sufficient weight to plants providing
system flexibility (e.g. hydro plants)
Balancing
responsibility
and marginal
prices
Energy options
Intraday
allocation of
capacity (Explicit
& Implicit)
Cross-border
balancing
1 2 3 4
More appropriate to reward flexibility directly
Four steps are needed to allow trading of flexibility
TRADING
FLEXIBILITY
CAPACITY
PAYMENTS
COPYRIGHT@PÖYRYCOPYRIGHT©PÖYRY 17
Pöyry has developed a strawman option as a starting point for
discussions
The ideas behind the strawman option have been discussed with a range of
organisations and market participants across Europe
Some IC capacity could be allocated for intraday trading to allow
flexible capacity to trade cross-border…
…and the balancing services in place should
support this arrangement
Appropriate market
arrangements to
reward flexibility
Compare value of IC
capacity for different
uses
DAM: Energy
IDM: Options
BAL: Balancing
Dynamically allocated
IC capacity over
various timeframes
• Transitional measures need to be allowed until market
arrangements would be in place
• Flexibility trading could support the trading of energy
options which would commit service providers to making
services available at a later stage, allowing parties to
hedge exposure to volatile intraday prices
With appropriate definitions of balancing
services, a better result than “common
merit orders” is possible:
• We would develop a generic structure to
define the capabilities of service
providers (i.e. define how quickly the
service can commence and how long
the service can last) in terms of a
continuum rather than attempting to
define specific ´balancing "products“
• The concepts can cover everything from
the delivery of system inertia and
primary frequency response through to
more leisurely dispatchable balancing
services
COPYRIGHT@PÖYRY
Intraday capacity could be traded as an explicit product (interim),
later moving to trading of energy options as a basis for ‘co-
optimisation’
18
€/MWh
MW
SNL
DNL
SNO
DNO
€12
20MW
€ 50
€ 40
Copyright © 2013 Pöyry Management Consulting (UK) Ltd
All rights reserved
With appropriate definitions of balancing services, a better result
than “common merit orders” is possible
19
€/MW
time
5sec 15sec 30sec 15min 30min
4
1
5
3
6
2
4a
Problems with standardised products
• There is no value for extra flexibility (4a)
• Some services have value although they do not fit the standard product definitions (3)
• There may be cheaper solutions for TSOs (3 + 5 + 6)
Contact:
Name: Stephen Woodhouse
Mail: stephen.woodhouse@poyry.com
Phone: +44 7970 572444

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Revealing the value of flexibility in electricity markets - September 2013

  • 1. POWER PLANT FLEXIBILITY AS THE FUTURE KEY SOURCE OF VALUE September 2013 Stephen Woodhouse
  • 2. COPYRIGHT@PÖYRYCOPYRIGHT©PÖYRY 2 Agenda 1. Why is there an increasing need for flexibility? 2. Why do current incentives for flexible capability fall short? 3. What is the best way forward? REVEALING FLEXIBILITY VALUE PROPOSAL 24 May 2013
  • 3. COPYRIGHT@PÖYRY 3 European renewable targets mean that prices and dispatch patterns will be dictated by wind and solar Projected changes in wholesale prices from 2010 to 2030 Greater flexibility will be needed to operate the electricity system Four main options: 1. Flexible generation 2. Increased interconnection 3. Demand Side Response (DSR) 4. Electricity storage 20102030 Projected generation on a sunny day across N Europe in 2030
  • 4. COPYRIGHT©PÖYRY 4 ‘Flexibility’ is one of the keys to unlock market-based decarbonisation Achieving intensity below 100gCO2/kWh through market means is dependent on supporting developments, including availability of “flexibility” in various forms Relationship between carbon emission intensity and carbon price from market • This is derived from our multi-client study on “Future Market Design” which has just been completed • Figures relate to 17 countries in North and Western Europe • Other key findings are shown in the Annex to this presentation LIBERALISATION AND DECARBONISATION JULY 2013
  • 5. COPYRIGHT@PÖYRY Instead of flexibility, Europe is rewarding capacity (but not across borders) 5 GB Developing capacity auctions SEM CCGT tender (2002/3); Ongoing price-based capacity mechanism France Call for tender; Capacity obligations being developed Portugal Price based capacity mechanism for new units Spain Current price based capacity mechanism being re-developed Italy Proposals to replace current mechanism (with low payments) with reliability contracts Greece Quantity based capacity mechanism Germany Discussions about introduction of national capacity mechanisms; Grid stability reserves in south since 2011 Poland Proposals for new market with capacity mechanism Sweden & Finland Strategic reserve supplements energy only market Belgium Tenders for new CCGT
  • 6. COPYRIGHT©PÖYRY 6 What is the requirement for flexibility? Decarbonisation increases need for flexibility What is the impact of capacity mechanisms? Risk paying for the wrong technology How can flexibility be traded across borders? Implementation of EU ‘Target Model’ Who needs to buy flexible capability? Greater balance responsibility, especially RES Further important questions for the implementation of new arrangements to reward flexible capability European electricity markets must change (2014) to improve cross-border trading Existing ‘wide’ capacity mechanism Existing ‘narrow’ capacity mechanism Proposed capacity mechanism Projected difference between day-ahead and out-turn (GB)Projected 2030 wholesale electricity prices in Northern Europe How much cross-zonal capacity is available for sale in each timeframe? What are the mechanisms and rules for selling cross-zonal capacity? How much harmonisation of balancing and imbalance arrangements?
  • 7. COPYRIGHT©PÖYRY 7 Greater flexibility will be needed to operate the electricity system The common consensus is that higher levels of wind and solar generation driven by RES targets will prove challenging to electricity system operation RES curtailment Regulators and TSOs are faced with intermittency challenges Greater curtailment of wind and solar generation is a likely option Curtailment increases the cost associated with renewable energy; support arrangements may change Greater challenge to meet carbon emissions and RES targets Hidden flexibility Requirement is understood, but value is not transparent Payments made indirectly through CPM regimes or TSO ad hoc procurement and balancing Imbalance prices are not reflective of reserve holding and flexibility costs Potentially leads to inefficient outcomes Revealed flexibility RAs and TSOs make it a key goal to directly expose flexibility value Creation of ‘flexibility markets’. Energy options, intra-day trading, cross- border balancing Intra-day trading across interconnectors is important for selling flexibility across price zones Cross border balancing services requires common definitions of capability (but not common products) 1 2 3 How will system operation and market frameworks adapt? LIBERALISATION AND DECARBONISATION JULY 2013
  • 8. COPYRIGHT@PÖYRYCOPYRIGHT©PÖYRY 8 Agenda 1. Why is there an increasing need for flexibility? 2. Why do current incentives for flexible capability fall short? 3. What is the best way forward?
  • 9. COPYRIGHT@PÖYRYCOPYRIGHT©PÖYRY 9 Why might current incentives for flexible capability not be sufficient? Can the existing frameworks provide appropriate incentives for new investment if flexible capability becomes more scarce? Income for flexible capability is typically obtained from: • Energy revenue from conventional operation, supplemented by Short-term spikes in spot prices Balancing market Specific contracts with the grid operator Capacity mechanisms in some markets • Premium for providing output at short notice/over short timescales is often low Today, there is no shortage of plants with flexibility capabilities (but this will change) • There is limited ability for the true value of flexible capability to be revealed: Grid operator payments are often fixed (not market based) for specific services (monopsony buyer) Spot and balancing prices are smoothed (Regulatory pressure and TSO actions) Limited ability to realise cross-border value of flexible capability However:
  • 10. COPYRIGHT@PÖYRY 10 There is a risk of inappropriate future levels of flexible capability Market rules must be able to cope with uncertainty about the future value drivers for flexibility • Capacity mix and growth of technologies with uncertain or variable output • Improvements in forecasting (demand, wind/solar output) • Policy environments – e.g. encouraging rigid behaviour in demand and generation Drivers for future flexibility need • Amount of existing older thermal plants that remain open • Level of cross-border coordination and efficient use of interconnectors • Development of innovative technologies • Improvements in flexibility parameters of thermal plant • Technology and cost developments of demand side response Drivers for future supply of capability Appropriate remuneration is the key factor • Under- or overpayments are likely to deliver inappropriate levels of flexibility • Basing payments on ‘wrong’ attributes (which are not scarce) brings regulatory risk (as the payments may change in future)
  • 11. COPYRIGHT@PÖYRYCOPYRIGHT©PÖYRY 11 Agenda 1. Why is there an increasing need for flexibility? 2. Why do current incentives for flexible capability fall short? 3. What is the best way forward?
  • 12. COPYRIGHT©PÖYRY • Significant – 28% • Moderate – 50% • Minor – 22% How much demand side flexibility will ‘smart’ solutions provide by 2030? • Electricity – 25% • Capacity – 9% • Flexibility – 56% • Other – 9% Which product / market do you think will be the key source of value in future? • Smart Energy – 14% • Capacity payments – 7% • Reserve/flexibility markets – 66% • Bigger ancillary service payments by TSOs – 14% What market design changes are needed to unlock future value? Voting on the day revealed that ‘flexibility’ is believed to be the missing market 12 Pöyry, with Eurelectric, held an energy policy discussion forum to consider the decarbonisation challenge
  • 13. COPYRIGHT©PÖYRY 10 SEPTEMBER 2013 REVEALING FLEXIBILITY VALUE - WORKSHOP 2 13 In our study, we have agreed on the objective to be met by any proposed solutions to better reveal the value of flexibility “To find most economically efficient way of facilitating European goals for decarbonisation and security of supply, through signals and behavioural incentives for all market participants based on ‘market’ values for all services, with ‘simultaneous’ optimisation across timeframes and locations” Any solutions should be robust to both continuous trading and periodic auctions
  • 14. COPYRIGHT©PÖYRY 10 SEPTEMBER 2013 REVEALING FLEXIBILITY VALUE - WORKSHOP 2 14 Optimisation across timeframes – is it better to commit the resource now or hold it to meet later contingencies? Resources in Country A Forward DAM IDM Balancing Resources in Country B Forward DAM IDM Balancing Cross-zonal capacity Resources can be generation, storage, cross-zonal transmission or demand-side Overall welfare optimisation through market-based mechanisms
  • 15. COPYRIGHT©PÖYRY (Physical) energy options as tradable product for flexible capability 15 We have identified a number of elements to efficiently incentivise delivery of flexible capability The objective is to find the most efficient way of facilitating European goals for decarbonisation through incentives for all market participants based on ‘market’ values, with ‘simultaneous’ optimisation across locations and timeframes Sharper incentives to balance supply and demand Nationalarrangements Electricity market participants do not place ‘true’ value on having access to flexible capability Need tools to allow buyers and sellers of flexibility to better manage price and volume risks in low-carbon future Reserve procurement by TSO (single buyer) not facilitate innovative approaches to provisions Greater ‘flexibility’ in procurement of reserve capability No market-based mechanisms to allocate cross-zonal capacity between use of for energy and use for flexibility Cross-border mechanisms for market-based access of flexibility to cross-zonal capacity
  • 16. Copyright © 2013 Pöyry Management Consulting (UK) Ltd All rights reserved Is full trading of flexibility a more appropriate option to reveal the value of flexibility? 16 Unlikely to provide sufficient weight to plants providing system flexibility (e.g. hydro plants) Balancing responsibility and marginal prices Energy options Intraday allocation of capacity (Explicit & Implicit) Cross-border balancing 1 2 3 4 More appropriate to reward flexibility directly Four steps are needed to allow trading of flexibility TRADING FLEXIBILITY CAPACITY PAYMENTS
  • 17. COPYRIGHT@PÖYRYCOPYRIGHT©PÖYRY 17 Pöyry has developed a strawman option as a starting point for discussions The ideas behind the strawman option have been discussed with a range of organisations and market participants across Europe Some IC capacity could be allocated for intraday trading to allow flexible capacity to trade cross-border… …and the balancing services in place should support this arrangement Appropriate market arrangements to reward flexibility Compare value of IC capacity for different uses DAM: Energy IDM: Options BAL: Balancing Dynamically allocated IC capacity over various timeframes • Transitional measures need to be allowed until market arrangements would be in place • Flexibility trading could support the trading of energy options which would commit service providers to making services available at a later stage, allowing parties to hedge exposure to volatile intraday prices With appropriate definitions of balancing services, a better result than “common merit orders” is possible: • We would develop a generic structure to define the capabilities of service providers (i.e. define how quickly the service can commence and how long the service can last) in terms of a continuum rather than attempting to define specific ´balancing "products“ • The concepts can cover everything from the delivery of system inertia and primary frequency response through to more leisurely dispatchable balancing services
  • 18. COPYRIGHT@PÖYRY Intraday capacity could be traded as an explicit product (interim), later moving to trading of energy options as a basis for ‘co- optimisation’ 18 €/MWh MW SNL DNL SNO DNO €12 20MW € 50 € 40
  • 19. Copyright © 2013 Pöyry Management Consulting (UK) Ltd All rights reserved With appropriate definitions of balancing services, a better result than “common merit orders” is possible 19 €/MW time 5sec 15sec 30sec 15min 30min 4 1 5 3 6 2 4a Problems with standardised products • There is no value for extra flexibility (4a) • Some services have value although they do not fit the standard product definitions (3) • There may be cheaper solutions for TSOs (3 + 5 + 6)
  • 20. Contact: Name: Stephen Woodhouse Mail: stephen.woodhouse@poyry.com Phone: +44 7970 572444