Homework project about the Romans by Anuj Patel

1. MY HISTORY PROJECT By Anuj Patel

2. Contents Page A map of Roman Britain………………………………………………Slide3 Emperors and Govenorers…………………………………………..Slide4 A native tribe…………………………………………………………Slide5 Roman roads……………………………………………..................Slide6 Roman food and drink…………………………………………………Slide7 Roman law and order…………………………………………………Slide8 Hadrian's wall…………………………………………………………Slide9 Roman army…………………………………………………………Slide10 Boudicca………………………………………………………………Slide11 Roman religion……………………………………………………….Slide12 How Romans lived…………………………………………………..Slide13 Roman entertainment………………………………………………Slide14 How Latin affected our language…………………………………Slide15 Roman Bibliography………………………………………………Slide16

3. Map of Roman Britain This is a map to show part of Roman Britain: If you would like to view more pictures please click here

4. Emperors And Governors Honeyman 135; Horblit Library 54; Wing A-3621 (11 copies), A-3534 (11 copies) & formerly T-857A (now combined with A-3621); DNB I, pp. 1219-1225; not in Norman Library. The first editions of Archimedes, Apollonius and Theodosius to be published in England. The addition of these three classics of mathematics generally and geometry in particular to the more widely available Euclid, showed that English mathematical publishing was coming of age and catching up with that on the continent, twelve years before the publication of Newton’s Principia . To Archimedes we owe much of modern analytical geometry, mechanics and hydrostatics, including practical applications to pulleys and levers. Apollonius’s conics (the four first books here being all that survived in Greek) recognized that the parabola, ellipse and hyperbola (names coined in this treatise) were all special cases of the conic section.

5. A Native Tribe Anglo Saxon England Before the Germanic invasions Celts - Prior to the Germanic invasions Britain was inhabited by various Celtic tribes who were united by common speech, customs, and religion. Each tribe was headed by a king and was divided by class into Druids (priests), warrior nobles, and commoners. The lack of political unity made them vulnerable to their enemies.

7. Roman Food And Drink Beer was regarded as a barbarian drink (the Celts drank it) Wines were described as black, red, white, or yellow. The best wine producing region in Italy was near the border between Latium and Campania. Vintages produced were: Caecuban, Setian, Falernian, and Massic Sheep or goats' milk were considered uncivilized drinks; they were used mainly for making cheese and for medicinal purposes In every great house, the wine cellar contained glass jars carefully sealed with gypsum, with labels showing when they were laid away.

8. Roman Law And Order As the empire developed, the emperor stood at the top of the administrative system. He served as military commander in chief, high priest, court of appeal, and source of law. All this power was intensely personal: Soldiers swore their oath to the emperor, not to a constitution or a flag. Personal ties of patronage, friendship, and marriage had always bound together Roman society, but during the empire the emperor became the universal patron.

9. Hadrain's Wall The time of Julius Ceasar's first small invasion of the south coast of Britain in 55 BC, the British Isles, like much of mainland Europe was inhabited by many Celtic tribes loosely united by a similar language and culture but nevertheless each distinct. He returned the next year and encountered the 4000 war chariots of the Catevellauni in a land "protected by forests and marshes, and filled with a great number of men and cattle." He defeated the Catevellauni and then withdrew, though not before establishing treaties and alliances. Thus began the Roman occupation of Britain. Nearly 100 years later, in 43 AD, the Emperor Claudius sent Aulus Plautius and about 24,000 soldiers to Britain, this time to establish control under a military presence. Although subjugation of southern Britain proceeded fairly smoothly by a combination of military might and clever diplomacy, and by 79 AD what is now England and Wales were firmly under control, the far North remained a problem.

10. The Roman Army From early times right down to the 3rd century A.D, the Roman army was based on its legions. A legion varied in strength from 4,000 to 6,000 men, and was subdivided onto ten cohorts . Its leader used the title of legatus . His staff officers were called tribuni . Senior non-commissioned officers were called centurions , who varied greatly in rank. The soldiers of the legion were picked men: They were all Roman citizens and received a higher pay than the auxillary troops - that is, foreigners who serve with the Roman army.

11. Boudicca Boudicca, Queen of the Celts In the days of Roman Britain, in the 1st century AD, there lived a warrior queen by the name of Boudicca. Flame-haired and proud, she ruled the Iceni, in a time when Rome wanted to rule everything. The lands she governed were located in what is now East Anglia; she had inherited them from her late husband, Prasutagus. When he died, he had left half his lands to Boudicca and her daughters, and the other half to the Emperor Nero, as a sort of payoff to encourage the Romans not to try and take any more -- perhaps not the most ideal package for a grieving widow, but Boudicca was willing to live with it if it meant peaceful coexistence for Romans and Iceni.

12. Roman Religion When the Romans invaded Britain in 43 AD, they found a country whose religion was based on local stories, superstitions and beliefs with no real order on consistency amongst the individual tribes. Their first port of call was the south east of England, which had a race that consisted of with their own beliefs and Belgic and Gallic people that had taken refuge in Britain. These immigrants had brought their own brand of worship with them.

13. How The Romans Lived Scientific inquiry into the origins of Christianity begins to-day with the question: "Did Jesus Christ really live?" Was there a man named Jesus, who was called the Christ, living in Palestine nineteen centuries ago, of whose life and teachings we have a correct account in the New Testament? The orthodox idea that Christ was the son of God -- God himself in human form -- that he was the creator of the countless millions of glowing suns and wheeling worlds that strew the infinite expanse of the universe; that the forces of nature were the servants of his will and changed their courses at his command -- such an idea has been abandoned by every independent thinker in the world -- by every thinker who relies on reason and experience rather than mere faith -- by every man of science who places the integrity of nature above the challenge of ancient religious tales.

14. Roman Amphitheatre . The largest amphitheatre in the empire was the Colosseum. It could seat up to 50,000 people at once. The amphitheatre was the place where people went to see fights. These fights were between slaves, prisoners of war or criminals, and sometimes wild animals.These fights were so popular that schools were set up to train ordinary men as special fighters known as Gladiators This idea once started out as entertainment at funerals.Two fighters would begin and the crowd would watch. Eventually the crowds got so big, they had to build a place to hold them. This was not only the reason for building the amphitheatre.

15. How Latin Affected Our Language Latin was brought to Italy about 1000 BC by Indo-European immigrants from Northern Europe. It began, as all languages do, as an isolated local tongue of a small territory on the Tiber River called Latium. As the people in Latium developed into an organized community, the city of Rome was eventually founded in, according to legend, 753 BC. In a little over a century, the Latin Romans would fall under the sway of Etruscan Kings. The evolution of Latin in its early development was therefore heavily influenced by these non-Indo-European Etruscans. Over time, it was also affected by the Celtic migrations and their dialects from Northern Italy and by the dominant regional culture of the Greeks. Latin Language

16. Roman Bibliography Welcome to Britannica This site is the modest beginning of what I hope will become a useful tool for finding what has been written about the Roman invasion and occupation of Britain. It began as a simple database of bibliographical material I had collected to aid my own further study but now seems to have a life of its own. It might in fact be better presented as a database, but as an inveterate browser, the information appears here as I should like to find it. Once I'm a little more organized I shall put the whole site and the underlying database on-line for download as standard zip files.