1.
DISCUSSANT :
CHERRY S. UNA
MAED-EM

2.
TABLE OF CONTENTS:
THEORIES OF DEVELOPMENT
Erikson’s Psychosocial Developmental Theory
By: Erik Erikson
Bowlby’s Attachment Theory
By: John Bowlby
Freud’s Psychosexual Development Theory
By: Sigmund Freud

3.
• Erik Erikson was an important figure in the fields
of psychoanalytic and psychological development. He was also
famously known for coining the popular phrase “identity crisis”.
• Erikson’s Psychosocial Developmental Theory produced a
framework for organizing human growth, through all stages of
life, into eight distinct stages:
Erikson’s Theory of Psychosocial Development

4.
Erikson’s 8 Stages of Psychosocial Development

5.
WHAT IS ATTACHMENT?
 A strong & affectionate tie we have, with special people in our
lives gives us pleasure whenever we interact with them and
provides a sense of comfort in times of stress.
Through psychoanalytic and behaviorist perspective, feeding can
be seen as a central context, where the care-giver and babies
develop attachment.

6.
 First relationship of a child is a love relationship that will have
profound everlasting influence on an individual’s mental
development.
 Mothers (Caregivers) who are available and responsive, establish a
sense of security in the infants such that they know that the
caregiver is dependable, creating a secure base for the child to
explore the world.
 Attachments must build a good foundation for being able to form
other secure relationships.

7.
COMPONENTS OF ATTACHMENT

8.
BOWLBY’S ETHOLOGICAL THEORY
• Ethological Theory of Attachment recognizes infant’s emotional tie to the
caregiver as an evolved response that promotes survival.
• John Bowlby induced this idea for infant-caregiver bond.
• He retained the psychoanalyst idea that the quality of attachment with
the caregiver has profound implication for child’s security and capacity to
form trustworthy relationship. He said ‘FEEDING IS NOT THE BASIS FOR
ATTACHMENT’.
• The central theme of this theory is that the mothers who are available
and responsive to their infant’s needs create a sense of security among
their children. Knowing the dependability of the caretaker on them
creates a secure base for the child to then explore the world.

9.
4 PHASES OF ATTACHMENT DEVELOPMENT
• Pre attachment Phase (Birth – 6 Weeks)
• “Attachment in Making” Phase ( 6 Weeks – 6 to 8 Months)
• “Clear Cut” Attachment Phase ( 6-8 Months to 18 Months-2
Years)
• Formation Of Reciprocal Relationship (18 Months – 2 Years and
on)

10.
ATTACHMENT STYLES

11.
• SIGMUND FREUD “may justly be called the most influential
intellectual legislator of his age.”
• Freud’s theory of psychosexual development was one of the most
important psychological theories of the 20th century.
• Freud explained that child experiences, experienced at different
ages in childhood, directly dictate personality and behavior
patterns in the later adult.
• He explained that childhood experiences are intensely linked
to healthy development for children. According to
Freud, childhood development follows five distinct stages:

12.
5 STAGES OF PSYCHOSEXUAL DEVELOPMENT

13.
Examples of Digital Security Tools
Instant Message Encryption Tools
ChatSecure is a messaging app that offers secure encryption for Android and iOS phones,
Cryph secures your Mac or Windows-based web browsers.
Navigation Policy Tools
Anonymox protects your identity by creating a proxy, letting you change your IP and surf
anonymously. It’s available as an add-on for Google Chrome and Firefox.
Tor isolates every website you explore, so advertisements and third-party trackers can’t lock
into you. It also clears your browsing history, removes cookies, and provides multi-layer
encryption.
Telephone Encryption Tools
SilentPhone offers smartphone users end-to-end encryption for voice conversations,
messaging, file transfer, video, and more. It’s compatible with Android and iOS devices and is
free.
Signal is an independent nonprofit resource that lets users share text, GIFs, voice messages,
photos, videos, and data files.

14.
STAR LESSON PLANS

15.
STAR LESSON PLANS