1. FAMILY PLANNING
“Minister of Health, John Junor, is urging Jamaicans to practice
family planning to reduce poverty, child and maternal mortality
and the spread of HIV/AIDS.”
Source: Jamaicans Urged to Practice Family Planning. March 14,
2006
http://www.jis.gov.jm/health/html/20060313t140000-0500_8297_jis_jam

2. What is Family Planning?
• Family planning allows individuals and couples
to anticipate and attain their desired number of
children and the spacing and timing of their
births.
• It is achieved through use of contraceptive
methods and the treatment of involuntary
infertility.
• A woman’s ability to space and limit her
pregnancies has a direct impact on her health
and well-being as well as on the outcome of
each pregnancy.

3. ABSTINENCE
• Abstinence is not having sex.
• If two people don't have sex, then sperm can't
fertilize an egg and there's no possibility of a
pregnancy.
• You don't have to be a virgin to practice
abstinence. Sometimes people who have been
having sex decide not to continue having sex.
• Abstinence is 100% effective in preventing
pregnancy

4. RHTHYM
• Also known as "fertility awareness," is a method of
birth control that uses the menstrual cycle to predict
your most fertile time of the month
• Fertility awareness birth control methods are based on
the fact that:
 sperm may live in the female reproductive tract for up
to 7 days
 the female egg lives for only a day
 fertilization may occur even days after intercourse
 "safe days" occur 2 days after ovulation and continue
until your next period

5. CONDOMS
• A condom blocks sperm from
coming in contact with the
inside of the vagina, where it
could reach an egg. (If sperm
reaches an egg, pregnancy can
result.)
• The male condom is a barrier
contraceptive made of latex or
polyurethane. The condom
must be fitted over the erect
penis.
• A condom also prevents
disease-causing substances
from spreading from one
person to another.

6. • Like the male condom, is
made of latex or
polyurethane. The
condom has a ring on
each end. The ring that is
placed inside the vagina
fits over the cervix, while
the other ring, which is
open, rests outside of the
vagina and covers the
vulva.

7. BIRTH CONTROL TABLETS
• The pill suppresses ovulation
so that an egg is not released
from the ovaries, and changes
the cervical mucus, causing it
to become thicker and making
it more difficult for sperm to
swim into the womb.
• The pill also does not allow the
lining of the womb to develop
enough to receive and nurture
a fertilized egg.
• This method of birth control
offers no protection against
sexually-transmitted diseases.

8. • The lower levels of estrogen in birth control pills
supress FSH and LH "fooling" the pituitary gland
into thinking a woman is pregnant. Ovulation will
then not occur which prevents pregnancy.
• The progesterone in birth control pills creates a
thick cervical mucus making it difficult for sperm
to reach the uterus. It also impedes an egg from
attaching itself to the uterine lining
(endometrium) because of changes in the cellular
structure of the lining.

9. DIAPHRAGM
• A diaphragm is a flexible
rubber cup that is filled with
spermicide and self-inserted
over the cervix prior to
intercourse.
• The device is left in place
several hours after
intercourse.
• The diaphragm is a prescribed
device fitted by a health care
professional and is more
expensive than other barrier
methods such as condoms.

10. I.U.D
• The intrauterine device shown uses
copper as the active contraceptive,
others use progesterone in a plastic
device.
• Some IUDs release small amounts of
progestin. IUDs may be left in place for 5
- 10 years, depending on the device
used.
• IUDs are very effective at preventing
pregnancy (less than 2% chance per year
for the progesterone IUD, less than 1%
chance per year for the copper IUD).
• IUDs come with increased risk of ectopic
pregnancy and perforation of the uterus
and do not protect against sexually
transmitted disease. IUDs are prescribed
and placed by health care providers.

11. VASECTOMY
• Vasectomy is a simple
procedure that is very
effective in preventing
pregnancy.
• Men usually have no side
effects from vasectomy,
and no change in sexual
performance or function.
Some men will feel sore
for a few days, but pain
can be relieved by
analgesics and an ice
pack.

12. TUBAL LIGATION
• Tubal ligation is surgery to tie the tubes
(fallopian tubes) of a woman which causes
permanent sterility by preventing transport of
the egg (ovum) to the uterus,Tubal ligation is
not recommended as a temporary or reversible
procedure.
• Tubal ligation is done in the hospital while the
patient is deep asleep and pain-free (using
general anesthesia). A small incision is made in
the abdomen and a small telescope
(laparoscope) is inserted. The tubes (fallopian
tubes) are tied off and cut apart. The skin
incision is stitched closed. The patient is able to
return home within a few hours after the
procedure.
• Tubal ligation can be performed immediately
after childbirth.

13. Unreliable Methods
• Coitus interruptus/withdrawal is the
withdrawal of the penis from the vagina before
ejaculation. Some semen frequently escapes
before full withdrawal and before ejaculation,
which is enough to cause a pregnancy.
• Douching shortly after sex is ineffective
because sperm can make their way past the
cervix within 90 seconds after ejaculation.
• Breastfeeding. Despite the myths, women who
are breastfeeding can become pregnant.

14. EMERGENCY CONTRACEPTIVE
• Emergency contraception is not a substitute
for regular contraceptive methods and it is
not the same as the abortion pill.

15. ABORTION
• Abortion is the termination of a pregnancy by
the removal or expulsion of a fetus or embryo
from the uterus, resulting in or caused by its
death