Properties and specifications about oil and fuel, and safety precaution

1. 15.9 LUBRICATION AND FUEL
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2. SOURCE OF OIL
• Synthetic :
– Fatty acid and esters (alcohol and asid)
– Purple color
• Vegetable :
– From castor oil, olive oil
– Yellow color
• Mineral :
– From crude oil
– Red color

3. LUBRICATION
• Function :
– Reduce friction
– Reduce temperature
– Clean the system
• Film Lubrication :
– Oil is lubricate between 2 contact surface
• Boundry Lubrication :
– Loss of oil between 2 contact surface

4. OIL PROPERTY
• Ability to cling to the bearing surface (oiliness)
• Possesses stable viscosity (low)
• High heat capacity
• Not causing damage to contact material
• Not flamable
• Chemically stable
• Safe to handle

5. OIL ADDITIVE
• Extreme pressure (heavy operation)
• Anti-corrosion additive
• Detergent additive (hold debris)
• Inhibitor (slow down oxidation product)

6. OIL CONTAMINATION
• Can be detect on the filter and magnetic plug
• Take example and analys
• Drain oil if contaminate
• Clean or replace filter
• Flush the system with clean lubricating oil
• Refill the system

7. FUEL SPECIFICATION
• Fuel should :
– Pumpable and flow easily
– Efficient combustion
– High caloric value
– Minimal harmful effect
– Minimal corrosive effect
– Provide edequate lubrication for moving part
– Reduce fire hazard to minimum

8. TYPE OF FUEL
• Kerosene fuel (AVTUR)
– For turbine engine
– Low temperature fuel
– Eg : Jet A and Jet A-1
• Petrol fuel (AVGAS)
– For piston engine
– Eg : Avgas100

9. ADDITIVE
• Anti-Oxidants (prevent deposit formation)
• Static Dissipator (reduce static generated)
• Corrosin Inhabitors
• Fuel System Icing Inhibitors
• Metal De-activators (suppress catalytic effect)
• Biocide (reduce microbiological growth in fuel)

10. FUEL CONTAMINATION
• Microbiological Contamination
– Effect inaccurate fuel tank content, blockage and
corrosion of alluminium alloy
– Prevent by fungicidal additive to fuel
• Water contamination
– Test by hydrokit (pink/red – presence of water)
– Water settles at bottom of tank due to density

11. SAFETY REFUELING/DEFUELING
• Avoid all unnecessary contact and use
protective equipment
• Never wear fuel soaked clothing
• Clean up spilled product immediately
• Avoid breathing fuel vapor (ventilation)
• Have fire fighting equipment
• Ensure both aircraft and bowser earthing
• No radio or radar equipment operated