Value creation from open data growth faces several challenges, e.g; they risk to be too supply-driven, or that they lack of incentives for the re-use. This paper reports an ongoing research/programme on the stimulation role in an open data ecosystem to mitigate these concerns. First, we present the empirical roots of this role that can be drawn from several initiatives undertaken in different countries and trying to bypass the obstacles faced by potential open data re-users. We discuss the importance of a legal framework inductive to foster innovation and transnationality of the re-use. Then, we introduce the BE-GOOD programme which aims to develop new methods to build an open data ecosystem. Slim Turki, Sébastien Martin, Samuel Renault {slim.turki, sebastien.martin, samuel.renault}@list.lu Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST.lu) http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=3129787 http://www.researchgate.net/publication/317278867_How_open_data_ecosystems_are_stimulated

1. Slim Turki, Sébastien Martin, Samuel Renault
{slim.turki, sebastien.martin, samuel.renault}@list.lu
How open data ecosystems are
stimulated?
St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
September 4-6, 2017
In conjunction with
IFIP EGOV-EPART 2017
http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=3129787
http://www.researchgate.net/publication/317278867_How_open_data_ecosystems_are_stimulated

2. Mission-driven Research and Technology
Organization (RTO)
LUXEMBOURG INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
2
a link between research and society
~600 employees
75% are researchers and innovation experts

3. Duration
51 months
03-2016 to 05-2020
• Unlock, re-use and extract value from Public Sector Information (PSI) to
develop innovative data-driven services for smart cities in the area of
infrastructure, transport & environment
• Principles
• Innovative procurement to engage solutions providers
• Transnational approach
• LIST, Lead technical partner, in charge of the methodological and
technological framework
Building an Ecosystem to Generate Opportunities in open data
BE-GOOD
Consortium
+10 Prototypes & Business cases for uptake & exploitation
+5 Implemented solutions in public organizations
Cost savings,
Value created
+15 jobs
Budget
6.400.168€
ERDF: 3.870.000€
nweurope.eu/begood

4. • “Open data: a new goldmine”
• Lies to a large extent in the
development of new services.
• Results in terms of service creation
remain below the expectations of
open data promoters.
• Most services created are not
sustainable and / or do not use the
variety of datasets; relying on a
limited number of very popular
datasets.
• “If you build it, they will come”
• Mainly a data provision movement
• Inadequacy between released
datasets and created services as
well as between the claims of huge
potential service creations and the
low demand from service creators,
particularly companies
• Rare demand driven initiatives but
rather an initiative of data providers,
hoping for a possible impact in
terms of service creation
(Open) Data-driven economy
Promises and hopes
4

5. • Main issues
• How to unlock open data value
• How to stimulate open data ecosystems
• Learning from theory and practice
• Open data initiatives
• Open data incubators
• Ecosystem theories used for management (theoretical perspective)
STIMULATION OF OPEN DATA AND SMART
CITIES ECOSYSTEMS
5

6. OPEN DATA INITIATIVES
6

7. • Hackathons: developed apps referenced on the national open data platform
• Call-for-contribution (CFC)
• Kind of Public-Private Partnership (PPP), focused on innovative products/services
• Capacity building: Builds an ecosystem through the release of datasets, help the
companies develop new business models, provide expertise in procurement, new
skills for employees.
• Fits with Singapore's development model: State intends to play strategic role in the
economic development pathway
• Only 4 apps identified
• Used for transnational cooperation with China, common projects on smart cities
Call-for-contribution, beyond Hackathons
SINGAPORE
7
Multi-modal journey planner for Singapore, Launched by Land Transport Authority agency.
• Lists in a very broad way the main features of the service and minimal constraints (language, alerts for users…)
• Proposals must use at least one government dataset from any of these areas: business planning, conservation and
environment, contextual content, connecting people; optimised mobility and healthy lifestyle.
• Guidelines document draws the evaluation criteria very broadly and even with some vagueness.

8. • Intentionally designed to give birth to an ecosystem through new forms of
Public-Private Partnerships
• Involve companies, especially SMEs, not used to participate public tenders
• Through an Open Procurement Process
• One platform for proposals: stage of each challenge, main characteristics of the
expected service, what already exists in the field + finalists + winner.
• Challenges driven by different ministries: ~1 assessment framework / challenge.
• Created 15 apps from 75 prototypes, and involved about 1,500 participants
• Retos Mexico : more general program, build an open innovation ecosystem, with
a platform opened to both public and private challenges.
Retos Pùblicos (“Public challenges”)
MEXICO
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9. • Pioneering Open data initiative, with very specific features
• Provides “both national independence and execution of open government principles”.
• Not representative of Russia: relatively more developed IT sector.
• Intends to form an ecosystem:
• Defining a legal framework, aligning with official or industry standards, or trying to
engage the re-users.
• Identifying most important kinds of datasets: open spending, open procurement, open
registers and open inspections, including food safety, housing and public utilities.
• Skill issues addressed: creation of a Centre of competence on open government
issues.
• Open data readiness assessment of the World bank was applied:
• Initiative is rather successful, thanks to a strong internal leadership
• No open data champion was identified to be a growth driver, related in part to the
readiness of an economic sector (issue of private sector actors engagement).
• Remains traditional as the stimulation is still indirect.
Dealing with the “demand side problem”
ULYANOVSK, RUSSIA
9

10. Capacity building
FINLAND
10
• Not a centralized national strategy, several kinds of methods to drive open data reuse
• Innovative Cities Programme (INKA) – Tampere
• Help local businesses to elaborate/test solutions in real urban environment to solve
challenges, confront their solutions to international competition.
• Stimulate the private sector to make it more innovative by increasing skills.
• 6-Cities Strategy
• Build skills of the community of public actors in order to foster the spread of an open
innovation policy.
• based on the implementation of three consistent approaches:
• Open data of the cities to feed all the products/services;
• Open innovation platforms, with the aim to create new products and services through new kinds of
procurement processes;
• Open participation, co-creation.
• TEKES Smart Procurement Program
• Speed up innovation, improve access for products and services developed by SMEs
• First phases reserved for universities and research centres, second to SMEs

11. • Tool to foster innovation, when country was afflicted by economic crisis
• Remove entries barriers, encourage involvement of new participants in public
procurement
• Limit the size of the documents describing the challenges.
• Procurement in 2 phases: open ideas competition to choose five finalists, then a
negotiated procedure
• 200 companies contacted per challenge
• Problem solving oriented methodology
• “City governments need to get out of procuring by specifying the solution they want”.
“They can’t possibly have enough knowledge to do that well. What they should do is
specify the problem they want to solve and show metrics on what success looks like.
And then allow the market to inspire them to find the best solutions.” S. Haselmayer
• Key issues:
• Culture change in the public agencies
• Problem statement preparation
• Challenges provided ~1.000.000€: 6.000€ at least and 250.000€ at most per
company selected for the further steps
Growth Program
BARCELONA
11

12. OPEN DATA
INCUBATORS
12

13. • “European virtual accelerator that selects, funds and provides support
services to SMEs & Web Entrepreneurs building their products and services
making use of FIWARE technologies and re-using Open Data. The main
objective is to launch ready-to-market ICT products and services fostering
the European ICT ecosystem.”
• 2 calls - (197 + 296=493) proposals received. 101 selected to enter in the
acceleration process.
• €4.64 million distributed among the beneficiaries.
Future Internet Open Data Expansion
FINODEX
13

14. • 6-month incubator for open data entrepreneurs across Europe
• Funded with a €7.8m grant from the EU’s Horizon 2020 programme
Opendataincubator.eu
ODINE
14

15. PROCUREMENT AS
LEVER FOR OPEN DATA
ECOSYSTEMS
STIMULATION
15

16. • Procurement: best vehicle for stimulating open data ecosystems and
channeling stakeholders’ interventions.
• Europe switching from procedural perspective to strategic perspective:
• Innovation, sustainability and social responsibility
• Directive 2014/24/EU: new forms of public procurement suited to innovation
fostering among public and private partners.
• Traditional public procurement procedures: open or restricted procedures,
competitive procedure with negotiation
• Innovation partnership: dedicated to the acquisition of “innovative products
and services that cannot be found on the market”
• (Design) contest usually applies to the procurement (or the reward) of artistic
works but also apply to some forms of design works (e.g. architectural and data
processing).
Directive 2014/24/EU
INNOVATION AND PROCUREMENT
16

17. Introducing the Stimulator Function
OPEN DATA ECOSYSTEMS
17
6th International Conference on
EGOVIS 2017 - Electronic Government and
the Information Systems Perspective
• Ecosystem approach: strategic
ecosystem thinking
• Ecosystem perspective
• as an analysis tool
• as a steering tool to influence
and stimulate the ecosystem
• Assess the relevance of a new role:
• stimulate the ecosystem,
• address lacks and weaknesses
identified in the ecosystem
• foster the innovation potential of the
ecosystem
http://www.researchgate.net/publication/317278860_Open_Data_Ecosystems_Introducing_the_Stimulator_Function

18. • Overview of recent and current initiatives to promote second generation
stimulation of open data reuse through the emergence of sustainable
ecosystems.
• Address the varied geographical, political and social contexts in Eurasia and
beyond.
• Public procurement: strongly tied by legal framework (fair competition),
remains strategic lever.
• BE-GOOD: test this approach using public procurement as vehicle.
• formalise a role encompassing a stimulation function allowing public bodies to
influence the ecosystem through various tools, both organisational and financial
and specifically through the mean of public procurement.
• New kinds of risks: require careful definition to develop in further researches.
CONCLUSION & PERSPECTIVES
18

19. Slim Turki, Sébastien Martin, Samuel Renault
{slim.turki, sebastien.martin, samuel.renault}@list.lu
How open data ecosystems are
stimulated?
Thank you for your attention
St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
September 4-6, 2017
In conjunction with
IFIP EGOV-EPART 2017