You always dreamt of your own quantum computer. now you can have it in the cloud

@CattoirEric#Devoxx #QuantumExperience
You always dreamt of your own
quantum computer. Now you
can have it in the Cloud.
Eric Cattoir
IBM

Agenda
• Introduction to the IBM Quantum Experience
• The Quantum Composer
• Basic Quantum Computing Building Blocks
• Some Quantum Algorithms
• Quantum Error Correction
• Reference Information

New Computing Options
• The end of Moore’s law and Traditional Turing
Computing Models
4
Quantum Computing Neuromorphic Computing
SyNAPSE – TrueNorthSpeed and efﬁciency
Approximate Computing
Quantum superposition

Possible Applications
• Revolution in Cryptography
• Breaking keys, but also new way to securely transfer data
• Medicine and Materials
• Even basic molecules like Caffeine are too complex to fully
simulate with a traditional computer
• Machine Learning
• Real time processing of complex data E.g. images
• Search Algorithms and Big Data
• Mathematical proof of much better search efficiency (see Grover
Algorithm)

Quantum computing makes use of quantum physics, also called quantum
mechanics, to perform calculations in a manner radically different than
conventional models of computation. The power of the quantum computer is
that it is based on a logic that is not limited merely to on-or-off, true-or-false
scenarios. Quantum computing has bits, just like any computer. But instead of
ones and zeros, quantum bits, or qubits, can represent a one, a zero, or both
at once, which is a phenomenon known as superposition. The superposition
that occurs in a quantum system is so different to that which occurs in classical
systems that it can allow two of these qubits to behave in ways that cannot be
explained by the individual components. This is called entanglement. These
more complex calculations can be used to re-imagine computing.
What is Quantum Computing

Square Quantum Bit Design 2015
• The optical image shows all components of the device,
including the four qubits, Q1–Q4, the four readout
resonators R1–R4 and the four coupling buses
B12,B23,B34 and B41.
• The readout resonators also serve as qubit control
lines, with single-and two-qubit gates applied at
frequencies ωi with i∈{1,2,3,4}.
• Readout is performed at the resonator frequency ωMi.
Each readout signal is reflected off a Josephson
parametric amplifier (JPA), pumped at frequency ωPi,
before being sent to a High-electron-mobility transistor
(HEMT) amplifier at 4K.
• A blow up of one of the qubits is also shown, depicting
the capacitor geometry as well as the coupling lines to
the readout resonator and to the buses.
• The black scale bar represents a length of 100µm.
http://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms5015

The Qubit Construct

From QBits to Quantum Computer
• 2016 5 QBit Processor

From QBits to Quantum Computer

https://youtu.be/jf7D8snlsnQ

IBM Quantum Experience

Accessing the Quantum Experience
• http://www.research.ibm.com/quantum/
• Create a free Account
• Access to Simulator and Real Quantum Computer
• Based on Credits

The Quantum Composer

Ideal vs Real Quantum Processor
• Real one takes into account the limitations of the actual
circuit design
• Ideal simulator : all QBits are equal

Random Generator

Measurement Representations
Quantum Sphere
|00000>
|11111>

Pauli Gates
• Base QBit States
• Pauli Operators
Bit Flip or Not Y axis rotation Z axis rotation

Superposition
• Achieving Superposition

Conjugate State- Diagonal Basis

Circular Basis
• Combination of Hadamard and Phase gates

Bloch Sphere
• QBit state

Cardinal States

CNOT Gate

Non Clifford Gates
• Clifford Gates
• non Clifford Gates

Deutsch-Josza Algorithm
• f(x) = 0 or 1
• f(x) is either constant or balanced
• x is n-bit string
• Classical solution might take 2n-1+1 evaluations

Use of an Oracle
• Step 1. Initialize qubits in the all-zeros state .
• Step 2. Apply the Hadamard gate to each qubit.
• Step 3. Apply the oracle circuit .
• Step 4. Repeat Step 2.
• Step 5. Measure each qubit.

Deutsch-Josza Algorithm
• Quantum solution

Grover’s Algorithm
• Traditional Search
• N/2 on average, N worst case
• Quantum Solution sqrt(N)
• Oracle
• f(x)=0 except f(w)=1

Grover’s Algorithm

Decoherence
• T1 Decay time from |1> to |0>
• T2 Dephasing
• Affects superposition states

Improvement over time

Reference Information
• IBM Quantum
Experience
• Quantum Future Report
• University of Barcelona
Research paper
• Experimental test of Mermin inequalities on
a five qubit quantum computer
• Quantum Computer
Science - David
Mermin
• Quantum Computation
and Quantum
Information - Michael
Nielsen, Isaac Chuang
• The Feynman Lectures
on Physics Vol 3 -
Richard Feynman,
Robert Leighton,
Matthew Sands

IBM videos about Quantum
• The future of supercomputers? A quantum chip colder than outer space | Jerry Chow | TED
Institute https://youtu.be/VsBuuwGj3zs
• 360 of Quantum Computing Lab: Inside the IBM Research Quantum Computing Lab / https://
youtu.be/jf7D8snlsnQ
• Quantum Computing Lab Walkthrough: A Tour of the IBM Quantum Computing Lab / https://
youtu.be/KZf4BSmgdO4
• Quantum in the Cloud Overview: Introducing the Quantum Age of Computing and bringing
Quantum Computing to the Cloud / https://youtu.be/DZ2DcILZAbM
• Quantum Experience Web Tool: The IBM Quantum Experience / https://youtu.be/
pYD6bvKLI_c
• IBM Fellow Charles Bennett: A Founder of Quantum Information Theory / https://youtu.be/9q-
qoeqVVD0
• The golden age of quantum https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XEgWr2n14uI
• Inside quantum minds (CAI) / https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sp2A5JASLZs
• Investing in a quantum future (CAI) / https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ph7dMRvfdfQ
IBM: IBM Brings Quantum Computing to
the Cloud
IBM: Inside the IBM Research Quantum
Computing Lab

Additional selected articles
• Bloomberg: Quantum Computers Entice Wall Street Vowing Higher Returns
• ComputerWorld: Quantum computing may be moving out of science fiction
• CSI Communications: Quantum Computing
• Eurasia Review: The Quantum Leap Into Computing And Communication: A Chinese Perspective
– Analysis
• Fast Company: The Golden Age of Quantum Computing is upon us (once we solve these tiny
problems)
• Forbes: Quantum Computing: From Theory To Reality
• Fortune: Microsoft Simulator Brings Quantum Computing One Step Closer to the Masses
• IJSEAS: Understanding Quantum Computing
• MIT Technology Review: Google’s Quantum Dream Machine
• Netherlands Enterprise Agency: Alibaba Group invests in joint quantum computing laboratory
• Science Alert: Quantum computing explained in less than 2 minutes
• TechRepublic: Quantum computing: The smart person’s guide
• The Economist: A little bit, better
• Wired: For Google, Quantum Computing is like learning to fly
The Economist: A little bit, better
“Quantum computing is moving from
theory and experimentation into
engineering and applications.”
TechCrunch
12May2016
“It is likely that we are on the cusp of a
new age in computing called quantum
computing. This new area of computing
will represent the biggest breakthrough
in computer technology since the
invention of the microprocessor.” IBM
MD&I

IBMers to follow on Twitter
• Dario Gil, VP of Science & Solutions: https://twitter.com/dariogila
• Jay Gambetta, Manager, Theory of Quantum Computing and Information: https://twitter.com/jaygambetta
• Jerry Chow, Manager, Experimental Quantum Computing: https://twitter.com/jmchow
• Charles Bennett, IBM Fellow: https://twitter.com/chdbennett
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LikdmXfWO2A

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You always dreamt of your own quantum computer. now you can have it in the cloud