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Winding and details

The document discusses winding machines and the winding process. It defines winding as transferring yarn from small packages like hanks to larger packages like cones or cheeses. The basic diagram of a winding machine shows three sections: the unwinding zone, tension and clearing zone, and winding zone. There are different types of winding machines and packages, and factors that influence tension device selection like reliability, ease of use, and cost. The document also covers winding efficiency, common faults, and withdrawal or unwinding of yarn from packages.

Engineering◦
winding MD MAHBUBAY RABBANI MIM DHAKA UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY(DUET),GAZIPUR Contact number:-01767281858
At A Glance 2
ABOUT WINDING MACHINE WHAT IS WINDING? Definition: The process of transferring yarn from small packages like hank, bobbing etc to a large package such as cones, pirns, cheese etc, containing considerable length of yarn is called winding.  Example: From hanks to bobbins, bobbins to cone, cone to pirn etc. 3
Objectives :  To transfer yarn from one package to another suitable package, this can be conveniently used for weaving purpose.  To remove yarn faults like hairiness, neps, slubs and foreign matters.  To clean yarn.  To improve the quality of yarn.  To get a suitable package.  To store the yarn.  To make easier the next process.  To preparing soft package of yarn dyeing. 4
5A BASIC DIAGRAM OF WINDING M/C: It has three sections: I. The unwinding zone. II. The tension & clearing zone. III. The winding zone.
Types of Winding  Precision Winding Machine  Non Precision Winding M/C According to Drive  Direct Drive  Indirect Drive According to WindingAccording to the package  Pirn Winding Machine  Cop Winding Machine  Spool Winding Machine  Cone Winding Machine  Cheese Winding Machine  Warp Winding Machine  Flange Bobbin Winding M/C 6
Types of Winding Packages  Pirn  Cop  Flanged bobbin Cross Wound Package  Cone  Cheese Near Parallel Wound Package Parallel wound package  Warp beam Weavers beam 7
8 Precision winding Non precision winding 1. The wound coil is arranged parallel or near parallel. 1. The coil is cross wise wound. 2.The yarn density of the package Is high. 2. The yarn density of the package Is low. 3.Flanged bobbin may be used. 3.Not used of flanged. 4.The yarn package is hard & more compact 4. The yarn package is soft and less compact. 5.Low stability of the package. 5.High stability of the package. 6.winding angle is 90° or near 90°. 6.Winding angle is less than 80°. 7.The bobbin is wound with precision winding. 7.The bobbin is wound with non precision winding. 8.Yarn tension is comparatively high. 8.yarn tension is comparatively less. Difference between precision winding and non-precision winding :
Two flanged contain both side of the package & yarns are wound parallel. In this process there is no necessity of traversing. Parallel Winding : 9
Advantages :  Many yarns can be wound at a time.  No need of traversing mechanism.  Side withdrawal is possible.  The density of yarn is more.  No change of number of turns per inch. Disadvantages:  Two sides of the package need flanged.  For yarn unwinding, need separate mechanism.  Can not be over withdrawal. Advantages & Disadvantages of Parallel Wound Package 10
Near parallel winding : 11 This package contains only one yarn & yarn is wound near parallel. Layers contain continuously inner side of the package.
Advantages & Disadvantages of Near Parallel Wound Package Advantages:  No need of flanged  Can be side withdrawal.  No change of number of yarn turns per inch during winding. Disadvantages:  Need of traversing mechanism.  Can not be side withdrawal. 12
Cross wound package: 13 This is wound crossly by single yarn. Advantages: Disadvantages:  No need of flange . Can not be side with drawl.  Can be over withdrawal.  Yarn package is stable.  Number of yarn turns per inch is changed in this method.  Quality of yarn is less.  Need of traversing mechanism.
Various types of tension device (According to working principle) : 14 It is a simple form of yarn tensioner. It works by deflecting the yarn around the fixed posts. This induces a capstan effect on yarn. Capstan Tensioner: Output tension= input tension X eµθ Or, T2=T1 X eµθ Where, T1= input tension, T2= output tension, μ= coefficient of friction between yarn & post. θ= Angle of lap (in radian) = θ1+θ2+θ3 e= 2.718
Additive Tensioner: 15 In this device a dead load or spring is used to give a fixed increment of tension. The yarn is passed through middle of the two surfaces in contact & the force is applied above to give suitable tension to the yarn. Here, T2=T1 + 2μF Where, T1= input tension T2= output tension μ= coefficient of friction between yarn & post F= applied force.
Combined Tensioner : 16 It is the combined system of capstan & additive tensioner. The device permits the tension level to be raised to any desired extent, but it does not permit a reduction in tension. Here, T2=T1eµθ+ T1 + 2μF Where, T1= input tension, T2= output tension, μ= coefficient of friction between yarn & post. θ= Angle of lap (in radian) = θ1+θ2+θ3 e= 2.718
Automatic Tensioner : This is special type of tesioner. In this device the yarn tension is controlled automatically. 17
Factor influences for selection of tensioner : 18  The device must be reliable to control uniform tension.  It must be easily threaded. It must not introduce differences in twist.  It must not be affected by the presence of oil & dirt.  It must be easily adjustable. It must be capable of easy cleaning.  The operating surfaces must be smooth.  It must be cheap.  It must be simple in design & operation.  It must not damage for yarn.
Depending On the type of the working member acting on the yarn : Ball type  Washer type  Disc type  Roller type  Comb type  Two zone type 19
Types of Yarn guides: 20 Type- A : Yarn end is required for threading.  Takes extra time for threading.  Yarn passed through the guide hole.  Occur more friction with the yarn.  No possibility to run out the yarn.
Type- B: Yarn end is not required for threading 21  Treading is very easy  Operations time less  Low cost  Possibility to run out the yarn
Yarn withdrawal or Unwinding: 22 Unwinding process of yarn from a package is called withdrawal of yarn. There are two types of withdrawal: 1. Sideway withdrawal. 2. Over end withdrawal.
Side way withdrawal:  Package rotates  Occur for flanged bobbin  Yarn twist become unchanged  No balloon formation  Slow process Over end withdrawal:  Stationary package  No flange bobbin is used  Yarn twist may changed  Balloon formed during withdrawal  High speed process 23
Ballooning: The appearance of the curved paths of running yarns during spinning, doubling or winding on or while they are being withdrawal over-end from packages under appropriate yarn winding conditions e.g.; when yarn is withdrawal through a guide ( often called balloon eye) placed above and in the line with the axis of the package at an adequate distance from it. The yarn (travelling at sufficient yarn winding speed) assumes the appearance of a balloon shape as it is revolves during withdrawal from a package. This is called ballooning. Balloon Theory : 24
WINDING EFFICIENCY : 25 Definition: The ratio of actual production and calculated production is called winding efficiency. Winding Efficiency = 𝐴𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐶𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 ×100 Efficiency Loss = 𝐶𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 −𝐴𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐶𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 ×100
Winding Faults : 26  Breakage of yarn  Soft or Hard package  Incorrect winging speed  Twist variation  Tension variation  Dirty package  Oil or grease package  Hairiness package  Poor unwinding  Slack Knot  Overlapping