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Volatile memory

This document discusses different types of volatile memory or RAM used in computers. It describes dynamic RAM (DRAM) which uses capacitors and must be regularly refreshed, static RAM (SRAM) which does not require refreshing but uses more transistors, and other RAM types like T-RAM, Z-RAM, and TT-RAM. RAM is used as temporary memory in a computer system to store active programs and data, and provides faster access than non-volatile storage like hard disks.

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BATCH MEMBERS  P.PRABAKARA PANDIAN  K.SIMON PAULRAJ
OVERVIEW  INTRODUCTION  VOLATILE MEMORY  RAM  TYPES OF RAM  DEFINITIONS  DRAM  SRAM  DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SRAM AND DRAM  TRAM  ZRAM  TTRAM  ADVANTAGE OF RAM
INTRODUCTION  Volatile memory also known as volatile storage that requires power to maintain the store information.  Most forms of modern Random Access Memory are volatile memory.  Random Access Memory, or RAM, provides large quantities of temporary storage in a computer system.
VOLATILE MEMORY  It is also known as temporary memory because if we switch off the power the contents in this memory will be erased.  It is of high cost.  It is also known as primary memory
MEMORY BLOCK DIAGRAM n Data Input Lines n k Address Lines Memory k Unit 2k Words 1 n Bits per Word Read 1 Write n n Data Output Lines
BLOCK DIAGRAM OF RAM 2k x n memory k ADRS OUT n n DATA CS WR
RAM  RAM stands for Random Access Memory.  It is a form of computer data storage.  The RAM can perform both read and write operations.  The process of storing new information into the memory is called read operation.  The process of transferring the stored information out of memory is called write operation.
Common RAM Types • D-RAM • S-RAM • T-RAM • Z-RAM • TT-RAM
RAM BIPOLAR MOS SRAM SRAM DRAM
DEFINITIONS SRAM  Static random access memory uses multiple transistors, typically four to six, for each memory cell  but doesn't have a capacitor in each cell DRAM  Dynamic random access memory has memory cells with a paired transistor and capacitor requiring
CMOS RAM  CMOS RAM is a term for the small amount of memory used by your computer and some other  devices to remember things like hard disk settings -- see Why does my computer need a battery? for  details. This memory uses a small battery to provide it with the power it needs to maintain the memory contents.
MEMORY CELL
D-RAM  It stands for Dynamic Random Access Memory.  It is a type of RAM that stores each bit of data in a separate capacitor within a integrated circuit.  The main memory in the personal computer is Dynamic RAM • Basic Principle: Storage of information on capacitors. • Charge and discharge of capacitor to change stored value
DRAM(continue..)  Common D-RAM models are  DIP 16-pin(Dual Inline Packages)  SIPP (Single Inline Pin Package)  SIMM(Single Inline Memory Module)  SIMM 30-pin  SIMM 72-pin  DRAM is called dynamic because it must constantly be refreshed or it will lose the data which it is supposed to be storing.
SRAM  It stands for Static Random Access Memory.  It is a type of semi-conductor memory where the static indicates that unlike Dynamic RAM.  It does not required to be refreshed periodically.  Each bit is stored on four transistor that forms two cross coupled inverters.
Memory Cell Select B C S Q C R Q B RAM cell
DESIGN
SRAM  STATIC – information stored in latches  An S-RAM cell has three different stages.They are  Standby  Reading  Writing
SRAM(continue..)  S-RAM is a little more expensive,but faster and significantly less power hungry than DRAM.  Due to a more complex internal structure , SRAM is less dense than DRAM.
DIFFERANCE s.no SRAM DRAM It requires low amount of It requires more memory. 1. memory. 2. Access time is low. Access time is more. The life of data is as long as the The life of data is about four 3. power is supplied to the chip . Milliseconds. 4. Do not refresh. Needs to be refreshed. 5. More structural Less structural complexity. complexity.
T-RAM  It stands for Thyristor Random Access Memory.  It is a new type of D-RAM computer memory invented and developed by T-RAM semiconductor.  It departs from the usual design of memory cells combining the strengths of the D-RAM and S- RAM.
T-RAM(continue..)  It is produced in 32nm and 22nm.  It is assumed that next generation processors used this type of memory  It has high speed and high volume.
Z-RAM  It stands for ZERO-CAPACITOR Random Access Memory.  It is developed by innovative Silicon Based on the floating body effect of Silicon On Insulator(SOI).  Z-RAM licenced by Advance Micro Devices for possible use in future microprocessor.
Z-RAM(continue..)  The reduced cell size leads the Z-RAM being faster than S-RAM used in large enough blocks.  It has a response time of 3ns.  It offers equivalent speed as S-RAM but requires less space.
TT-RAM  It stands for Twin Trasistor Random Access Memory.  It is similar to conventional one transistor,one capacitor as D-RAM but eliminates the capacitor by relying on floating body effect inherent in a Silicon On Insulator(SOI) on manufacturing process.
TT-RAM(continue..)  In this RAM memory cell, two transistors are serially connected on an SOI substrate.  One is an access transistor and the other is used as a storage transistor and fulfils the same function as the capacitor in an conventional D-RAM cell.
APPLICATION OF RAM  RAMs are utilized in the computer as scratch- pad,buffer and main memories.  Fast operating speed.  Low power dissipation  Compatibility  Economy: MOS memories are more economical than magnetic core for small and medium-sized systems.
CONCLUSION  The memory is a major component in any computer.  RAM is capacity and speed characteristics are important in determine the performance of a computer.  So Volatile memory is the one of the main part of the computer.  RAM means speed of the computer , so there is no RAM there is no speed.
REFERENCE  1.Computer Organisation- Dr. M. Rajaram & Dr.P.Uma Maheswari  2.Digital Computer Fundamentals- Carl Hamacher & Safwat Zaky  3.Digital Electronics-S.Salaivahanan  4.www.crocus_technology.com  5.http::/hardwarehell.com  6.http::/en.wikipedia.org