UPDATED-EDUC-2-Chapter-1-Socially-Responsible-Teachers-1

2. Lesson 1-Socially
Responsible Teachers :
Rich with Philosophical
Heritage

3.  Introduction
 Teachers need to be guided by a sound
philosophy in the practice of their profession.
 Teachers plan lessons, interact with their students
and evaluate their performance according to
their own personal view of teaching and learning.

4.  What is Philosophy?
 PHILOSOPHY - can be defined as a set of ideas
that answer question about the nature of reality
and about the meaning of life.-
 Originated from ancient Greek word “
 Philo” means love and “Sophie” means wisdom.

5.  Greek thinkers divided into three branches:
 1. Metaphysics
 addresses reality, divided into two categories:
 Ontology -existence or being.
 Cosmology-related with the nature and origin of the
universe
 2. Epistemology- concerned with the nature of knowledge.

6. 3. Axiology-and its corollaries relate to values,
divided into two categories:
1. Ethics -relate to issues in morality and
conduct
2. Aesthetics -concerned with beauty
What is philosophy of Education?

7.  PHILOSOPHY OF EDUCATION
 is a set of related beliefs that influence what and how
students are taught. Formulating your own philosophy
may not be easy since you are just beginning, but
here are some questions you may consider in framing
your philosophical statement.

8.  What is the purpose of education?
 What content and skills should schools develop?
 How should schools teach the content of the
curriculum?
 What are the roles of the students and teachers in the
teaching learning process?

9.  How should learning be assessed? In education,
metaphysics refers to the knowledge of most worth
which is the curriculum. While epistemology is
concerned with the methods of teaching or how
teaching and learning are to be delivered. Then,
axiology relates to behavior, civility, appreciation, and
expression

11.  PHILOSOPHICAL ROOTS OF EDUCATION
 Three major philosophies are presented to help you
formulate your own philosophy:
 1. IDEALISM
 -contends that reality lies in our consciousness or our
intellect.-Idealists believe that perfect knowledge of the
ideal resided outside humans as an Absolute or as God.

12.  Idealists Teachers:
 1.1 believe that the schools are repositories of eternal
truth which have organized the hierarchical curriculum in
education
 1.2 believe that on top of this hierarchy are the most
important subjects that cultivate abstract thinking
 1.3 believe in the use of Socratic method

13.  1.4 believe that thinking and learning are the processes of
bringing latent ideas to consciousness and logic is
encouraged
 1.5 believe that teachers should lead exemplary lives and
be models for students to imitate
 1.6 believe that the internet can make the great book
accessible to all, but they insist that technology should be
the means rather than the end in transmitting knowledge

14. Reflect:
 As you prepare to create your own philosophy
of education, consider these questions:
 1. What elements of idealism do you agree
with? Why?
 2. Which of these elements would you
incorporate into your own philosophy?

16.  2.REALISM
 -advocates that reality is outside of our minds.-
 Realists believe that the objects we perceive exist
independently of the mind.
 Realists Teachers:
 2.1 believe that their teachers should be equipped with
a wide repertoire of methods in teaching to achieve
their goals
 2.2 believe that their primary responsibility is to bring
students’
 ideas about the world into reality

17.  2.3 believe that deductive and inductive logic, and
the scientific method are reliable means to discover
knowledge
 2.4 believe that the inclusion of non-academic
activities interfere with the school’s primary purpose as
a center of disciplined academic inquiry
 2.5 believe in the use of technology as an aid in
learning

18. Reflect:
 As you prepare to create your own philosophy of
education, consider these questions:
 1. What elements of realism do you agree with? Why?
 2. Which of these elements would you incorporate into
your own philosophy?

20.  3.PRAGMATISM-
 evaluates the truth and meaning of ideas according to
their physical consequences and practical value.-the
function of education was to enhance human potential to
be able to adapt to a constantly changing world.
 Pragmatist Teachers:
 3.1 believe that education is an experimental process
 3.2 believe that children should learn how to make difficult
decisions by considering the consequences of their actions
to others.

21.  3.3 believe that education should focus in real-life
problems
 3.4 believe that students should learn the process of
problem-solving
 3.5 believe in collaborative learning where students
share their interests and problems

22.  3.6 believe that interdisciplinary education is better than
departmentalized curriculum in education
 3.7 believe in taking risk in education to achieve their
goal
 3.8 believe in values-clarification rather than blindly
accepting inherited values
 3.9 believe that communication technologies such as e-
mail and internet provide opportunities to share ideas,
insights, and experiences

23. Reflect:
 As you prepare to create your own philosophy of
education, consider these questions:
 1. What elements of pragmatism do you agree with?
Why?
 2. Which of these elements would you incorporate into
your own philosophy?

25.  OTHER PHILOSOPHIES AND THEORIES
 RELATED TO EDUCATION
 Educational theories are rooted from philosophies. The five
educational theories:
 1. PERENNIALISM-
 Perennialists assert that the primary purpose of education is to bring
students in contact with the truth by cultivating their intellect and
sense of rationality.-Perennialists urge that students read the Great
Books.
 Perennial Teachers:
 1.1 believe that teachers are the intellectual and models for their
students

26.  1.2 believe that fundamental skills such as reading,
writing, computation and research be developed
starting the elementary grades
 1.3 believe that subjects with human concern like
history, literature, drama, and art should be included in
the secondary school curriculum

27.  1.4 believe that their role is to sharpen the students’
mind
 1.5 believe that electronic version of great books
and other classics maybe viewed by larger
audience but this could not be a substitute for
reading the classics.

28. Reflect:
 As you prepare to create your own philosophy of
education, consider these questions:
 1. What elements of perennialism do you agree with?
Why?
 2. Which of these elements would you incorporate into
your own philosophy?

30.  2. ESSENTIALISM
 -is a teacher-centered philosophy that adheres to the belief
that the basic skills of literacy and numeracy as well as
subject-matter knowledge should be developed in schools.-
essentialists argue that schools and teachers must be
committed to their primary academic function.-essentialists
favor a subject-matter curriculum.-also do not favor
innovative or process
 Essentialists Teachers:
 2.1 believe that teachers have authority to discipline student
 2.2 believe that teachers should have mastery of their subject
matter

31.  2.3 believe in the use of deductive method of teaching
 2.4 believe that students should learn the “essentials”
 2.5 believe that only when the students have
mastered the required competencies before he/she get
promoted to other level
 2.7 believe that test scores are the basis for evaluating
students’ progress

32. Reflect:
 As you prepare to create your own philosophy of
education, consider these questions:
 1. What elements of essentialism do you agree
with? Why?
 2. Which of these elements would you incorporate
into your own philosophy?

34.  3.PROGRESSIVISM-
 Belongs to a reform movement that opposed the
traditional education. They were against in:
 Authoritarian teachers
 Book-based instruction
 Rote memorization
 Authoritarian classroom management-progressivists
contend that knowledge may come from varied sources
 Progressivist Teachers:
 3.1 believe that teachers should possess a repertoire of
learning activities to be used in the teaching-learning
process

35.  3.2 believe that the child should be free to develop
naturally
 3.3 believe that interest motivated by direct experience
stimulates learning
 3.4 believe that the teacher is a facilitator of learning
 3.5 believe that there should be close cooperation
between the home and the school
 3.6 believe that students’ needs, interest, and readiness
should be considered

36. Reflect:
 As you prepare to create your own philosophy of
education, consider these questions:
 1. What elements of progressivism do you agree
with? Why?
 2. Which of these elements would you incorporate
into your own philosophy?

38. 4. SOCIAL RECONSTRUCTIONISM-
 this is theory rooted on progressivism.-considered as the
more socially-oriented progressivists.-social
reconstructionist believe that people are responsible for
their social conditions.
 Social Reconstructionist Teachers:
 4.1 believe that the school is the ideal place to begin
alleviating social problems
 4.2 believe in using project method and problem-solving
method in teaching

39.  4.3 believe that research is an effective means in
solving problems of society
 4.4 believe that the intellectual, emotional, and
personal needs of the students should be considered in
the learning process
 4.5 believe that teachers must model democratic
principles

40. Reflect:
 As you prepare to create your own philosophy of
education, consider these questions:
 1. What elements of reconstructionism do you
agree with? Why?
 2. Which of these elements would you incorporate
into your own philosophy?
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42.  5. EXISTENTIALISM
 -is a philosophy that emphasizes the subjectivity of
human experience.-existentialist, Jean-Paul Sartre often
quoted the phrase “Existence precedes essence”
 Existentialist Teachers:
 5.1 believe that the purpose of education is to awaken
our consciousness about to our freedom
 5.2 believe that students should be trained to
philosophize, to question, and to participate in dialogues
about the meaning of life.

43.  5.3 believe that self-expression, creativity, self-
awareness, and self-responsibility should be developed
in the students
 5.4 believe that open classrooms maximize freedom of
choice
 5.5 believe in self-directed instruction
 5.6 believe that students should decide what they want
to learn and when to learn it

44. Reflect
 As you prepare to create your own philosophy of
education, consider these questions:
 1. What elements of existentialism do you agree with?
Why?
 2. Which of these elements would you incorporate into
your own philosophy?

45. “The root of education is bitter, but
the fruits are sweet.”
Thank you for listening!