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Unit-1-Gender-inequality-Gender -just education outside school settings.pdf

The document discusses several important causes of gender disparity in India, including poverty, illiteracy, lack of employment opportunities, social customs and beliefs, social attitudes, and lack of awareness about women's rights. It notes that poverty disproportionately impacts women, with 70% of poor people in India being female. Literacy rates are also significantly lower for women compared to men. Unemployment contributes to women's economic dependence on men. Traditional social and family structures restrict women's roles and subordinate their status. Lack of education and awareness about rights prevents women from achieving equality. Non-formal education provided by NGOs can help address gender disparities outside of the formal school system.

Education◦
M.Amala Jansi,Assistant Professor, LCE,Chennai-34
M.Amala Jansi,Assistant Professor, LCE,Chennai-34
• Poverty • Illiteracy • Lack of Employment Facilities • Social Customs , Beliefs and Practices • Social Altitude • Lack of Awareness of Women Important causes of gender disparity M.Amala Jansi,Assistant Professor, LCE,Chennai-34
Poverty • In India total, 30 percent of people are below the poverty line; • 70 percent are women. • In India, Women’s poverty is related to the absence of economic opportunities, lack of access to financial resources, including credit, land ownership, and inheritance. • poverty is the root of gender discrimination in our patriarchal society, and this economic dependence on the male counterpart is itself a cause of gender disparity M.Amala Jansi,Assistant Professor, LCE,Chennai-34
WHAT IS MEAN BY INEQUALITY? Inequality is the existence of unequal opportunities and rewards for different social positions or status within a group or society. GENDER INEQUALITY refers to unequal treatment or perceptions of individuals based on their gender. It arises from differences in socially constructed gender roles. M.Amala Jansi,Assistant Professor, LCE,Chennai-34
HOW TO REDUCE INEQUALITY: IN EDUCATION: • Offering high level education • Social integration • Increasing women employment • Involving them in active politics and social activities • Arranging social protection programs • Generating awareness among parents o Giving scholarships to girls o Healthcare o Improving Nutrition o Child Protection o Social policy M.Amala Jansi,Assistant Professor, LCE,Chennai-34
Women’s Illiteracy • Literacy is the essential indicators of the quality of a country’s human capital. • The latest data puts India’s overall literacy rate at 77 percent, with literacy rates of 84.40% for men and 71.50% for women M.Amala Jansi,Assistant Professor, LCE,Chennai-34
Unemployment Issue • Rights and obligations within a household are distributed unevenly. • Time spent in bearing and rearing children results in de-Skilling, termination of long term labor contacts. • women cannot be economically self-sufficient due to unemployment. • Women economic dependence on their male partners is a cause of gender disparity and the most significant hindrance to gender equality in India M.Amala Jansi,Assistant Professor, LCE,Chennai-34
Social Customs and Beliefs • Women are never free from social traditions, beliefs, and practices. • The traditional patrilineal(Tantaivaḻi) joint family confines women’s roles mostly to the domestic work, allocating them to a subordinate status, authority, and power. • Men are perceived as the primary providers and protectors of a family, while women as only in a supportive role, attending to the hearth. Boys and girls are trained for different adult roles, status, and authority. • In Indian culture since very early periods, men have dominated women as a group, and their level has been low in the family and society. M.Amala Jansi,Assistant Professor, LCE,Chennai-34
Social Customs and Beliefs…. • The preference for sons over a daughter is a complicated phenomenon that persists in many areas. • Sons, especially in business communities, are considered economical, political assets, whereas daughters are considered liabilities. M.Amala Jansi,Assistant Professor, LCE,Chennai-34
Lack of Awareness of Women • One of the major causes of gender inequality is the lack of awareness among women about their rights and their ability to achieve equality. • This lack of awareness is often due to the prevailing cultural and social norms, which dictate that women should be subservient(Aṭipaṇintavar) to men. M.Amala Jansi,Assistant Professor, LCE,Chennai-34
• Education • Religious belief • Weaker Sex • Lack of resources • Lack of awareness • Giving importance to male child • Dowry system • Other reasons : Due to diversity on many counts like differences in ideas , opinion , language , colour , region . Reasons for gender inequalities in India M.Amala Jansi,Assistant Professor, LCE,Chennai-34
M.Amala Jansi,Assistant Professor, LCE,Chennai-34
M.Amala Jansi,Assistant Professor, LCE,Chennai-34
M.Amala Jansi,Assistant Professor, LCE,Chennai-34
M.Amala Jansi,Assistant Professor, LCE,Chennai-34
Gender-just education outside school settings • Agency of Education: • Formal: This includes institutions deliberately set up by the society with specific objective of carrying out the various functions of education. Ex: the school • Informal: This includes institutions which perform educational functions just incidentally and indirectly. Ex: Family , peer group, youth clubs… • Non-formal Education (NFE) is any organized educational activity that takes place outside the formal educational system. Usually it is flexible, learner-centered, contextualized and uses a participatory approach. There is no specific target group for NFE; it could be kids, youth or adults. Ex:NGOs. M.Amala Jansi,Assistant Professor, LCE,Chennai-34