Unit 6. Principles and Styles of Flower arrangement.pptx

Introduction
 Flower arrangement is a way of organizing flowers and
foliage in a way to express oneself.
 Floral arrangement is the art of selecting and organizing
flowers and foliage according to the elements and
principles of design in order to attain a pleasing and
interesting design.
 Arranging flowers and foliage in vase, bowls, baskets or
other containers or making bouquets are the outcomes of
floral design or floral arts.

Importance of flower arrangement
 Flower arrangement produces a harmonious appearance with
good texture and color combination.
 This kind of art gives us chance to unleash the creativity on
us and express ourselves creatively.
 They are inexpensive decorative materials that refresh the
environment, provide a variety of form, color, odor and most
importantly are bio-friendly.
 Roses casually when kept in a vase are attractive because of
their beautiful color and shape.

1. Aesthetic Appeal
 Visual Beauty: Flower arrangements enhance the beauty of spaces
with their colors, forms, and textures. They add elegance to homes,
events, and workplaces.
 Mood Elevation: Flowers can uplift moods and create a soothing
ambiance (calm atmosphere), making spaces feel more inviting and
serene (calm, peaceful and untroubled).
2. Cultural and Religious Importance
 Symbolism: Different flowers represent various meanings and
emotions. In many cultures, flowers symbolize love, purity,
prosperity, and peace.
 Rituals and Traditions: Flower arrangements are central to
weddings, funerals, religious festivals, and other cultural
ceremonies. For example, flowers are key in offerings in Hindu
rituals or decor in Japanese Ikebana.

3. Emotional Expression
 Conveying Feelings: Flowers are often used to express
emotions such as love, sympathy, gratitude, and respect.
They act as thoughtful gifts during celebrations or times of
mourning (condolence).
 Healing and Comfort: Flowers are linked to emotional
healing.
 In hospitals or therapeutic spaces, floral arrangements can
provide comfort and reduce stress for patients.

4. Creativity and Artistic Expression
 Floral Design: Flower arrangement allows for creativity, where
different forms, colors, and styles are blended artistically. It’s a form
of self-expression and artistic exploration for many floral designers.
 Cultural Art Forms: Techniques like Japanese Ikebana or
European flower arranging represent rich cultural art forms, each
with their unique philosophy and style.
5. Symbol of Nature and Sustainability
 Connection to Nature: Flower arrangements bring nature indoors,
creating a connection with the natural environment. It can remind
people of the beauty of the outside world.
 Eco-consciousness: Sustainable flower arranging using local,
seasonal flowers promotes environmentally friendly practices,
supporting local florists and growers.

6. Enhancing Events and Celebrations
 Creating Atmosphere: For weddings, parties, or corporate
events, flower arrangements help set the tone and theme,
transforming venues with colors, styles, and scents.
 Symbol of Prosperity: In certain cultures, flowers are used as a
symbol of prosperity and good luck at important events.
7. Therapeutic and Meditative Benefits
 Stress Relief: Arranging flowers can be a meditative practice,
providing relaxation and focus. The process of arranging flowers
helps individuals connect with mindfulness.
 Horticulture Therapy: Engaging with flowers and plants has
been shown to improve mental well-being, reduce anxiety, and
foster a sense of calm.

 Floral Bouquet
 Table Center piece
 Floral Basket
 Floral wreaths
 Car decoration
 Marriage Mandap Arrangement
 Marriage Venue Arrangement
Types of Flower Arrangement

Materials used in flower arrangement
1. Flowers, foliages, fruits and berries
2. Containers or flower vase
3. Flower holder
4. Pinpoint holders
5. Floral foams
6. Equipments or other accessories
7. Scissors, florists wire, green tape, rubber band,
adhesives, transparent tapes etc.
•Plant materials: Flowers, foliage, fillers, branches, fruits, seed pods.
•Non-plant materials: Containers, floral foam (oasis), floral wire,
floral tape, pins, scissors, secateurs, knives, ribbons, beads, candles,
decorative stones, moss, floral preservatives, and clean water.

i. Line flowers
ii. Mass flowers
iii. Form Flowers
iv. Filler flowers
Plant materials for flower arrangement

Are ones such as Gladiolus, Snapdragon, Delphinium,
Foxglove, HT Rose and foliage like Palm leaves,
Eucalyptus, Sansveria etc.
In most of the cases, these flowers are used to
established the outer framework of the arrangement
1. Line flowers

 Are those flowers that have the flower head on the
terminal end of the stem
 These flowers are used in the arrangement to create
all of the design principles and to accent the focal
point
 Rose, Carnation, Chrysanthemum, Zinnia, Tulip,
Gerbera, Dahlia etc
2. Mass flowers

Are those that have a unique shape or form.
They may be used to create the accent or the
focal point.
Bird of paradise, Lily, Orchid, Anthurium etc
3. Form flower

 Are used to tie the arrangement together
 They help to fill any empty spaces in the design
 They are also used to cover the mechanisms of the
arrangement
 Palm, Croton, Boxwod, Ornamental grasses,
Asparagus fern, Nephorolepsis , Leaves and stem of
fruit and vegetables.
4. Filler flowers

Principles of floral arrangement
 Design: Color, line, form, light, texture, space,
pattern, texture, size
 Balance
 Scale
 Rhythm
 Dominance/Emphasis
 Control
 Harmony and unity

Styles of flower arrangement
 Conventionally there have been two different approaches to floral design:
Western style employing a mass concept of arranging flowers on an even
symmetry and Eastern or oriental style or Japanese style or Ikebana
which is based on specific angles and using fewer materials
 Present-day floral design is a blending of two styles:
1.Western / European:
- Formal arrangement in which several flowers of various kinds, color,
textures and size are arranged together with leaves in the decorative
container.
- Lay emphasis on mass arrangement of the flower and symmetry of the
flower arrangement.
- Doesn’t convey any meaning and is mainly for deriving pleasure and
attractive appearance.
- This style was first used to decorate palaces, mansions, and churches.

- Traditionally triangular, round or oval shape were created but
after the second world war more designs like L-shape, crescent
and s-shape were introduced.
History of European floral arrangement:
- Early European floral arrangement were based on mass and
colour.
- The classical bouquets were first found during the Renaissance
and Dutch-Flemish eras of floral history.
- The first written design of floral arrangement was established by
the French.
- The basic European floral design have become known as mass
arrangement.

2. Oriental type/ Japanese type
-Oriental or Ikebana style is the Japanese mode of flower
arrangement.
-The oriental art of floral design began in ancient china and
was later refined by the Japanese.
-This style involves line arrangement of flowers that gives
the impression of natural growing plant.
-The arrangement seems very simple, symbolic, meaningful
and informal.
-This style maintain a good balance and proportion of
flowers, stem, color, shape and flower vase.

Ikebana
-Three whole arrangement is divided into three parts that are
symbolic of Heaven (shin), Man (Soe) and Earth (Hikae).
-It has three branches whatever the number of flowers used.
-The longest branch signifies Heaven, middle one Man and
the lowest one Earth.
-Flowers are arranged in such a way that tight buds are
placed at Heaven, smaller or half blossomed flower are
placed at Man and largest and full blossomed flowers are
placed at Earth.
- Each twig and flowers are placed at a precise angle.

 Designs were created primarily for the observance of various
religious ceremonies.
A. Shin- Tight bud signify past or heaven
B. Soe- Half opened flower signify present or Man
C. Hikae- Fully open flower signify future or Earth

European or Western style of gardening

Ikebana
- Among various method of floral arrangement in Japanese
style, Ikebana is the most popular.
- Ikebana means-"arranging flowers" or "making flowers
alive"
- Ikebana is derived from the word Ikeru (living or
arranging) and Hanna (Flower).
- After buddhism in Japan during 6th
century, One-no-
imoko working as priest of temple was recognized as the
father of Ikebana art.
- A dynamic change in Ikebana was created by Sofu
Teshigahara during 1930’s by installing the spirit of
Ikebana in it using any medium(Plant, wood, metal or
stone)

Contd…….
- After second world war, Ikebana has gained popularity with the
establishment of “Ikebana International” in 1955 by Mrs.
Gorden Allen and the teachers of leading Ikebana school.
- The motto of Ikebana international is “friendship through
flowers” and aim is to bring nature to home and beauty of the
living area.

Rules of Ikebana:
- It should follow the rules of oriental type of floral
arrangement and have natural appearance.
- The whole arrangement should look if a flowering bush or a
tree had been planted in the container .
- Every Ikebana style endorses the three main elements or
lines shine, soe and Hikae.
- The length of three lines depends on the size of Vase used.

i. Silence: observe nature
ii. Minimalism: Simplicity
iii. Shape and Line: simple/graceful (Stylish)
iv. Form: Spontaneous (natural)
v. Humanity: feeling
vi. Aesthetics: beauty
vii. Structure: Triangle (heaven (15), Man (45) and
earth (75)
Principle of Ikebana

Types of Ikebana:
1. Nageire (during 12th
century)
- Literally meaning is ‘through-in-style’ was developed in
samurai homes with a more informal look.
- Tall upright vases are used for making the arrangement of
flowers with sufficient stem length hold in the vases by far-
fixtures.
2. Moribana (during early 19th
century)
- Literally meaning is ‘piled flower’ in which the flower
arrangement are made in shallow container.
- Flowers and branches are supported with the help of pin
holders.
- It is often referred as the natural style of Ikebana.

3. Jiyubana:
- It is the combination of both Nageire and Moribana style.
- It uses combination of wood, metal, metal like any other objects
along with flowers.
4. Morimono:
- It is the combination of arrangement of fruits, Vegetables and
flowers.
5. All foliage:
- The demerit about short keeping quality and vase life of the
flowers in floral arrangement is a problem.
- It emphasis on uses of all green foliage or variegated leaves,
twigs of plant such as Coleus, Duranta, Red Grass, Coedium,
Acalypha, Sansevaria, Poinsettia.

Modern floral arrangement:
- Modern florists design incorporate the simplistic line from the
oriental art and the mass arrangement of European design.
- Large flowers are used at the centre to create interest and balance
in the design.
- The modern designer uses the skills to create designs that have
more depth, simplicity, originality and shows harmonious for
best floral display.

Principle and shape of floral design:
Principle:
- Each floral design should have a planned composition of
container, flowers and foliage.
 Shape of floral design:
- Flower arrangements are generally more pleasing to the eye
when their outlines create geometric pattern.
- The most common shape used in florists design includes:
A. Circular type B. Triangular C. Horizontal
D. Radiating E. Hogarth curve (S-Style) F. Crescent

Selection of plant materials
- Flower and foliages shape influence the line and form of
an arrangement.
- The shapes of flowers and foliages used by florists are
classified into four groups: line, form, mass and filler.
A. Line materials:
- Flowers like Gladiolus, HT Rose, Snapdragons, branches
from spring-flowering shrubs and Foliage like Gladiolus
leaves, Eucalyptus , Sansevieria etc.

B. Form flowers:
- Lilies, Anthurium, Orchids, bird-of-paradise etc.
C. Mass flower:
- Rose, Chrysanthemum, Daisy, Dahlia, Carnation and Aster.
- Mass foliage like lemon leaf, caladium, leather leaf fern etc.
D. Filler flowers and foliages:
- Asparagus , Ferns, Aster, Sweet pea, Water fern’s leaves etc.

Basic points for flower arrangement composition
A. Fresh Flower and Foliage collected in early morning or in
evening.
B. Well proportionate arrangement i.e. Vase size, size of
flower material and display place
C. Proper colour combination- colour harmony makes an
arrangement pleasing.
D. For special occasion- all the material used in design have to
be selected with care and enough time.
E. Arrangement for all types of centre table should be low so
that they do not obstruct views from opposite sides and it
should look attractive from all sides.

Contd…….
F. All artificial aids that are used for floral construction with
leaf, moss or stones should be hidden.
G. For dining table arrangement strong scented flowers should
not be used.
H. A clear simple design is far better than clumsy decoration
with too many flowers.

Unit 6. Principles and Styles of Flower arrangement.pptx

Unit 6. Principles and Styles of Flower arrangement.pptx

Unit 6. Principles and Styles of Flower arrangement.pptx

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Unit 6. Principles and Styles of Flower arrangement.pptx