Skip to main content
UploadLanguage (EN)Support
BusinessMobileSocial MediaMarketingTechnologyArt & PhotosCareerDesignEducationPresentations & Public SpeakingGovernment & NonprofitHealthcareInternetLawLeadership & ManagementAutomotiveEngineeringSoftwareRecruiting & HRRetailSalesServicesScienceSmall Business & EntrepreneurshipFoodEnvironmentEconomy & FinanceData & AnalyticsInvestor RelationsSportsSpiritualNews & PoliticsTravelSelf ImprovementReal EstateEntertainment & HumorHealth & MedicineDevices & HardwareLifestyle
Uploaded byUmeshTimilsina1
178 views

Unit 5-Garden Types, Features and Components.pptx

Garden Types, Features and Components

Education◦
Garden Types, Features and Components Prepared by Umesh Timilsina Assistant Professor AFU
Special Types of Gardens 1. Rock Garden 2. Water Garden 3. Roof Garden • Gardens established on rooftops. Advantages • Reduces building temperature • Utilizes unused space • Improves air quality Suitable Plants • Succulents • Herbs • Annual flowers • Dwarf shrubs
4. Vertical Garden • Plants grown vertically on walls or frames. Advantages • Space saving • Urban beautification • Air purification Suitable plants: • Pothos • Philodendron • Ferns • Spider plant
Philodendron Spider plant
5. Terrace Garden • Gardens developed on terraces or stepped slopes. Advantages: • Soil conservation • Attractive landscape • Efficient use of uneven land
6. Butterfly Garden • Designed to attract butterflies using nectar-rich plants. Suitable plants: • Lantana • Pentas • Ixora • Marigold • Cosmos
Ixora Lantana
Pentas Cosmos
7. Herbal Garden • Contains medicinal and aromatic plants. Examples: • Tulsi • Mint • Lemongrass • Aloe vera • Ashwagandha
8. Cactus and Succulent Garden • Contains drought-resistant plants. Examples: • Opuntia • Mammillaria • Echeveria • Haworthia • Agave
Mammillaria Haworthia
Greenhouse Definition • A greenhouse is a structure covered with transparent materials that provides a controlled environment for plant production. Objectives • Protect plants from adverse weather • Produce quality flowers year-round • Raise seedlings • Grow exotic ornamentals
Types Naturally ventilated greenhouse Fan and pad greenhouse Polyhouse Shade house Advantages Year-round production Better quality Higher yield Protection from pests and rain Crops Gerbera Carnation Rose Orchid Anthurium Naturally ventilated greenhouse Fan and pad greenhouse Anthurium
Polyhouse Shade house
1. Ornamental Trees Definition • Woody perennial plants with a single trunk used in landscaping. Importance • Shade • Avenue plantation • Air purification • Carbon sequestration • Focal point • Windbreak
Design Value • Trees provide: Vertical emphasis Background Screening Seasonal interest Propagation • Seed • Grafting • Air layering • Budding • Cuttings Planting • Dig pits (60 × 60 × 60 cm or larger depending on species) • Add FYM and topsoil • Plant at the beginning of the rainy season • Irrigate after planting • Stake young trees if necessary
Common Ornamental Trees in Nepal Common Name Scientific Name Gulmohar Delonix regia Jacaranda Jacaranda mimosifolia Ashoka Polyalthia longifolia Bottle Brush Callistemon citrinus Golden Shower Cassia fistula
2. Shrubs Importance • Hedges • Foundation planting • Borders • Color display Design Value • Intermediate height • Color contrast • Texture • Space division Propagation • Stem cuttings • Air layering • Seed Planting  Spacing depends on species.  Apply FYM before planting. Examples  Hibiscus  Ixora  Duranta  Croton  Mussaenda Mussaenda
3. Herbaceous Perennials Characteristics • Soft stems • Long-lived • Flower annually Importance • Borders • Flower beds • Mass planting Propagation  Division  Rhizomes  Tubers  Suckers Examples  Canna  Iris  Gerbera  Chrysanthemum  Day lily Tubers Rhizomes Division
Climbers and Creepers 4. Climbers • Plants requiring support to grow upward. Examples: Bougainvillea Allamanda Rangoon creeper Wisteria Jasmine Allamanda Rangoon creeper Bougainvillea
5. Creepers • Plants spreading horizontally on the ground. Examples: • Wedelia • Money plant • Railway creeper Importance • Cover walls • Shade pergolas • Vertical gardening • Reduce heat Propagation • Stem cuttings • Layering • Seeds Railway creeper Wedelia
6. Palms Importance • Avenue planting • Specimen planting • Tropical appearance Design Value • Strong vertical accent • Architectural beauty • Formal appearance Propagation • Seeds Examples • Royal Palm • Areca Palm • Foxtail Palm • Date Palm Royal Palm Date Palm Foxtail Palm Areca Palm
7. Ferns Characteristics • Non-flowering plants • Reproduce by spores • Shade-loving Importance • Indoor decoration • Shade gardens • Hanging baskets Propagation • Spores • Division Examples • Boston fern • Bird's nest fern • Maidenhair fern Boston fern Bird's nest fern Maidenhair fern
8. Ornamental Grasses Importance • Texture • Movement • Natural appearance • Soil conservation Propagation • Division • Seed Examples • Fountain grass • Pampas grass • Vetiver • Zebra grass Zebra grass Vetiver Pampas grass Fountain grass
9. Cacti and Succulents Characteristics Water storage tissues Drought tolerant Low maintenance Importance Rock gardens Indoor decoration Roof gardens Xeriscaping Propagation Stem cuttings Offsets Seeds Leaf cuttings (some succulents)
Examples Common Name Scientific Name Prickly Pear Opuntia ficus-indica Aloe Aloe vera Agave Agave americana Echeveria Echeveria elegans Haworthia Haworthia fasciata
Summary • Gardens may be formal, informal, mixed, or specialized such as rock, water, roof, vertical, butterfly, and herbal gardens. • Softscape includes trees, shrubs, lawns, flowers, climbers, palms, ferns, grasses, and succulents, while hardscape includes paths, bridges, gazebos, pergolas, fountains, lighting, and greenhouses. • Walk-paths, bridges, and constructed features improve accessibility, functionality, and aesthetic value. • Greenhouses enable year-round production of high-value ornamental plants. • Trees, shrubs, herbaceous perennials, climbers, palms, ferns, grasses, and cacti each have unique landscape functions and require appropriate propagation and planting techniques.
Questions Short Questions 1. Define a formal garden and an informal garden. 2. What is a greenhouse? State its advantages. 3. Differentiate between climbers and creepers. 4. Mention four uses of ornamental trees in landscaping. 5. List five common ornamental palms. 6. What are the advantages of a roof garden? 7. Name four plants suitable for a rock garden. Long Questions 8. Discuss the different types of gardens with their features, advantages, and suitable plant materials. 9. Explain the importance and design of walk-paths, bridges, pergolas, gazebos, and greenhouses in landscape gardens. 10. Describe the propagation, planting, landscape value, and management of ornamental trees, shrubs, and herbaceous perennials. 11. Discuss the landscape importance, propagation, and uses of climbers, creepers, palms, ferns, ornamental grasses, and cacti/succulents.
References • Arora, J. S. (2012). Introductory Ornamental Horticulture. Kalyani Publishers. • Bhattacharjee, S. K. (2012). Advances in Ornamental Horticulture (Vols. 1–6). Pointer Publishers. • Bose, T. K., Maiti, R. G., Dhua, R. S., & Das, P. (2003). Floriculture and Landscaping. Naya Udyog. • Chadha, K. L. (Ed.). (2001). Handbook of Horticulture. Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR). • Randhawa, G. S., & Mukhopadhyay, A. (2000). Floriculture in India. Allied Publishers