Peroxide effect in Organic Chemistry

Peroxide effect in Organic Chemistry

• 1.
  PEROXIDE EFFECT BY SHIYANI NIJOFATHIMA S BPHARM 2ND SEMESTER 2025 BATCH
• 2.
  DEFINITION “When an unsymmetricalreagents adds to an unsymmetrical alkene , the positive part of the reagents becomes attached to the double bonded carbon which bears the lesser number of hydrogen atoms in the presence of Organic peroxide.” Other names- 1. ANTIMARKOVNIKOV’S ADDITION 2. KHARASH EFFECT 3. ADDITION OF HYDROGEN BROMIDE
• 3.
  Antimarkovnikov addition orperoxide effect follows Free radical mechanism. Example : Propylene when reacts with HBr RULE CONDITION PRODUCT Markovnikov addition In absence of peroxide Isopropyl bromide Antimarkovnikov addition In presence of peroxide n-propylbromide
• 4.
  REACTION
• 5.
  MECHANISM [FREE RADICALADDITION] Step 1: Peroxide dissociate to give alkoxy free radicals  Step 2 : Alkoxy free radical attacks HBr to form a Bromine free radical
• 6.
   Step 3: Bromine atom can attack propylene to give a primary and secondary free radicals  Step 4: HBr attacks the most stable free radical to form a required product
• 7.
  THANK YOU