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Understanding how cells grow and divide the Cell Cycle

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THE CELL CYCLE UNDERSTANDING HOW CELLS GROW AND DIVIDE
What if your hair never grew back after a haircut? Hair grows by producing new cells at the root to replace old ones. Why do you think your body needs to constantly produce new cells? List at least 3 reasons.
Lesson Objectives Define the cell cycle. By the end of this lesson, you will: Explain the sequence of events in the eukaryotic cell cycle. Identify and describe the key phases of mitosis. Differentiate between cytokinesis in plant and animal cells.
THE CELL CYCLE This process describes how eukaryotic cells grow, replicate their DNA, and divide. There are two main parts: Interphase (Cell growth & DNA Replication) M-phase (Cell division)
PARTS OF THE CELL CYCLE M-phase This is the phase where cell division occurs. By the end, two daughter cells are formed and the cycle starts again. IInntteerrpphh aassee This is the longest phase of the cell cycle, where the cell grows and prepares for division. It is divided into: G1 phase
CChheecckkppooiinntt G1 PHASE THE GROWTH PHASE WWhhaatt hhaappppeennss?? The cell grows in size, producing proteins and organelles essential for the next stages of the cell cycle. It ensures the cell is large enough, has sufficient energy, and is ready to begin DNA replication. 0 1
CChheecckkppooiinntt S PHASE DNA REPLICATION WWhhaatt hhaappppeennss?? The cell duplicates its DNA, creating two identical copies of each chromosome. It verifies that DNA replication is complete and checks for any errors in the newly synthesized DNA. 0 2
G2 PHASE QUALITY CONTROL The cell continues to grow and synthesizes molecules like microtubules needed for division. It detects and repairs DNA damage, ensuring the cell is ready to proceed to mitosis. 0 3 CChheecckkppooiinntt WWhhaatt hhaappppeennss??
M PHASE CELL DIVISION The cell enters the final stage of its cycle to divide and form two new daughter cells. Mitosis: The nucleus divides into two identical nuclei. Cytokinesis: The cytoplasm splits, resulting in two separate daughter cells. 0 4 CCoommppoonneennttss WWhhaatt hhaappppeennss??
Check for Understanding WHAT COULD HAPPEN IF THE DNA DOESN’T COPY ACCURATELYDURING THE S PHASE? Write down your thoughts on what might happen if DNA replication goes wrong. Pair up with a partner to share and compare your ideas.
Check for Understanding WHAT COULD HAPPEN IF THE DNA DOESN’T COPY ACCURATELYDURING THE S PHASE? If the DNA isn't copied properly, the daughter cells could end up with missing or extra genetic material. This could cause conditions like Down syndrome or other genetic disorders.
MITOSIS This process shows how a cell’s nucleus divides, ensuring that each new cell receives an identical set of chromosomes.
PROPHASE 0 1 SETTING THE STAGE Key Events: Chromosomes condense and become visible. Nuclear envelope dissolves. Spindle fibers begin to form.
METAPHASE 0 2 THE LINEUP Key Events: Chromosomes align at the cell’s equatorial plane. Spindle fibers attach to centromeres.
ANAPHASE 0 3 THE SEPARATION Key Events: Sister chromatids are pulled apart to opposite poles by spindle fibers. Each chromatid is now considered an individual chromosome.
TELOPHASE 0 4 RECONSTRUCTION Key Events: Chromosomes decondense into chromatin. Nuclear envelopes reform around the two nuclei.
CYTOKINESIS THE FINAL DIVIDE The cytoplasm divides as the cell membrane pinches inwards, eventually separating the cell into two daughter cells. Each daughter cell receives a full set of organelles and a nucleus, completing the division process.
Drag and drop the statements to the True or False box. Reflect on your answers and explain your reasoning. TRUE FALSE Interphase is the shortest phase of the cell cycle. Mitosis results in the formation of two identical daughter cells. Cytokinesis happens after mitosis to complete cell division. Sister chromatids are pulled apart at the metaphase stage. During the G1 phase, the cell's DNA is replicated. The M-phase is where cell division occurs. LET’S REVIEW! LET’S REVIEW!
RREECCAAPP!! WHAT IS THE CELL CYCLE? It is a series of events that cells go through as they grow, replicate their DNA, and divide into two new cells. IInntteerrpphhaassee S Phase MM--PPhhaassee It is divided into: Interphase (Cell growth & DNA Replication) M-phase (Cell division) Mitosis G1 Phase The cells grows and carries out normal functions. DNA is replicated. G2 Phase The cell prepares for division. The nucleus divides into two identical nuclei through four stages. Cytokinesis The cytoplasm divides, completing the creation of two daughter cells.