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Understanding Homeostasis: Body Systems and Internal Balance for Survival

Explore how the human body maintains stable internal conditions through homeostasis, focusing on temperature, glucose, and blood pressure regulation for proper function and survival.

Health & Medicine◦
Homeostasis Body Systems and Balance
"What Happens to Your Body?"
1.What changes are happening inside your body? 2.Why do you think these changes occur? 3.Are these changes helpful or harmful? "Imagine you are playing basketball under the hot sun for 30 minutes. Your body begins to sweat, your heart beats faster, and you become thirsty."
learning competencies *Describe homeostasis as a state of balance among all the body systems in humans that needs to be maintained for survival and proper functioning; its indicators include body temperature, glucose level and blood pressure.
Group investigation Groups Investigation. Directions: Divide the class into five groups. Each group receives one scenario card.
Change in the body Body syste m involved Body response Why is it important? Worksheet: Homeostasis flow chart.
GUIDE QUESTIONS: 1.Which indicator of homeostasis is affected? 2.What caused the change? 3.How does the body respond? 4.Why is this response important for survival?
What is homeostasis? The process by which living organisms maintain a stable internal environment, even when external conditions change. It ensures that: Cells function properly Organs work efficiently The body survives changing conditions
Why is it important? For survival: keeps us alive Proper functioning: Allows cell, tissues, and organs to do their jobs correctly. Adaptation: Helps the body adjust to change( like heat, cold or eating).
MAIN INDICATORS OF HOMEOSTASIS 1.Body temperature 2.Glucose Level (Blood sugar) 3.Blood pressure
body temperature Normal level: (36.1°C to 37.2°C) Too hot: Body sweats to cool down Too cold: Body shivers to produce heat
GLUCOSE LEVEL What is it?Amount of sugarintheblood Control: Managed by the pancreas using Insulin. After eating: Sugar goes up - insulin lowers it. When hungry: Sugar goes down - Body released stored sugar.
BLOOD PRESSURE Whatis it? The forceof blood pushing against the wall of arteries. Normal range: 120/80 mmHg Too high: Heart works harder. Too low: Not enough blood reaches the brain.
What does 120/80 mean? TopNumber = 120 -calledSYSTOLIC(sis-Tol- ik) It measure the pressure when the heart BEATS or pumps blood out. Bottom number = 80 - called DIASTOLIC (die-a- STOl-ik) It measure the pressure when the heart RESTS between beats.
What does the body regulate? Many things,but some of the most important are: Blood glucose Kept within an arrow range after meals or fasting. Temperature Blood pH Maintained between 7.35–7.45 at all times. Kept near 37°C regardless of external temperature.
ASSESSMENT: Direction: Choose the letter of the correct answer. 1. What is homeostasis? A. The ability of the body to grow rapidly B. The process of maintaining a stable internal environment C. The process of digestion in the stomach D. The ability to move muscles 2. Why is homeostasis important for humans? A. It helps the body gain weight B. It allows the body to survive and function properly C. It makes the body stronger only during exercise D. It prevents the body from aging 3. Which of the following is NOT an indicator of homeostasis? A. Body temperature B. Blood glucose level C. Blood pressure
4. What is the normal body temperature range in humans? A. 34.0°C – 35.0°C B. 36.5°C – 37.5°C C. 38.0°C – 39.0°C D. 40.0°C – 41.0°C 5. What happens when blood glucose level becomes too high? A. The body stops functioning permanently B. The body immediately dies C. The body adjusts to bring it back to normal D. The body ignores the change 6. Which organ system helps regulate blood glucose levels? A. Digestive system B. Endocrine system C. Skeletal system D. Respiratory system
7. What is a common response when the body temperature increases? A. Shivering B. Sweating C. Bone growth D. Decreased heartbeat permanently 8. Blood pressure refers to: A. The amount of sugar in the blood B. The force of blood pushing against blood vessel walls C. The amount of oxygen in the lungs D. The speed of digestion
9. What happens if homeostasis is not maintained? A. The body becomes healthier B. The body functions normally forever C. Body systems may fail to function properly D. The body grows faster 10. Which statement best describes a balanced internal environment? A. Body conditions change rapidly all the time B. Body systems work independently C. Body conditions remain stable within normal ranges D. The body has no control systems
How does the body detect and respond? Co nt ro l Centre Processes the signal and sends instructions to respond. Receptor Effector Detects changes in the internal or external environment (a stimulus). Carries out the response to bring conditions back to acceptable range.
Example: Thermoregulation Thermoregulation is designed to control body temperature. Cells → tissues organs work together → in thermoregulation to raise and lower body temperature around an acceptable range (36.5–37.5 °C).
Ski n Ther moreceptors Organ Specialised cells Detect temperature changes in skin and blood and send nerve signals to the hypothalamus. Organ that connects the body with the environment; contains sweat glands and blood vessels. STRUCTURE TYPE FUNCTIO N
STRUCTURE TYPE FUNCTIO N Muscl e Blood vessels Sweat glands Tissue Tissue Organ (part of the nervous system) Hypothalamu s Organ (part of circulatory system) Produce involuntary contractions (shivering) to generate heat through increased metabolism. The body's thermostat detects blood temperature and coordinates all thermoregulation responses. Dilate (vasodilation) to increase heat loss or constrict (vasoconstriction) to reduce it. Produce sweat so that water evaporates from the skin’s surface, removing heat from the body.
so, let’s look at Thermoregulation in action
Resul t Recepto r Stimulu s Effectors Control Centre Resul t Recepto r Stimulu s Effectors Control Centre Hypothalamus sends nerve signals to effectors Thermoreceptors in skin & hypothalamus detect the rise Body temperature rises above 37°C Sweat glands produce sweat; blood vessels near skin dilate (vasodilation) Heat is lost → temperature returns toward 37°C Hypothalamus sends nerve signals to effectors Body temperature falls below 37°C Muscles shiver; blood vessels near skin constrict (vasoconstriction) Thermoreceptors in skin & hypothalamus detect the drop Heat is generated/retained → temperature returns toward 37°C TOO HOT TOO COLD
What can happen when homeostasis fails?
Effect on the body Temperatur e Common causes Effect on the body Temperatur e Common causes Core temp > 40°C Heat stroke, extreme exercise Enzymes denature, cells cannot function, brain damage possible Core temp < 35°C Cold exposure (water and air) Heart rate slows, muscles fail, cardiac arrest may occur H YP ERTH ER M IA HYPOTHERMI A When the body’s thermoregulation process is not working properly, it can result in:
THINK-PAIR-SHARE Activities Pair up with another student and discuss the next three questions. Make notes on your ideas so you’re ready to share with the class.
1 After eating a big meal, your blood glucose rises. What do you think the body needs to do to bring it back to normal? Which organs might be involved?
2 When you run hard, you start breathing faster and your heart beats quicker. Why might the body need to do both of these things at the same time?
3 Can you think of another example where a body system failing to regulate itself becomes dangerous? What might the consequences be?