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Understanding Fluid Physics and Hydraulic Systems: Principles and Applications

Explore the fundamentals of fluid physics, pressure, Pascal's principle, and practical applications of hydraulics including lifts, brakes, and heavy machinery.

Engineering◦
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THE PHYSICS OF FLUIDS
FLUIDS • Any material that flows in response to an applied force • Includes liquids and
The amount of force applied over a specific PRESSURE
The amount of force applied over a specific area. PRESSURE Units: P= Pa F= N
PRESSURE FORMULA
HYDRAULICS Branch of science and engineering that deals with the mechanical properties of liquids, especially how they can be used to transmit force and motion.
HYDRAULIC SYSTEM Technology that uses pressurized fluid to transmit force and perform work. It operates
PASCAL’S PRINCIPLE When you press on a fluid in a closed space, the pressure spreads out evenly everywhere in the
PASCAL’S PRINCIPLE FORMULA
PASCAL’S PRINCIPLE IN HYDRAULIC SYSTEM
APPLICATIONS OF HYDRAULICS
HYDRAULIC LIFT • Force is applied to a small piston. • Pressure travels through the fluid. • Large piston lifts the heavy object.
HYDRAULIC BRAKE SYSTEM Uses brake fluid to transfer the force from your foot on the brake pedal to the brakes at the wheels.
GARBAGE TRUCKS Lift heavy trash bins and compress garbage without requiring workers to use much physica effort.
EXCAVATORS Hydraulics allow the machine to lift and dig heavy loads with ease to move its boom, arm, bucket, and even rotate the cab.
PRESSURE COMPUTATION
PRESSURE FORMULA
SAMPLE PROBLEM A force of 200 N is applied over an area of 0.5 m². Find the pressure.
SAMPLE PROBLEM A rectangular block is resting on a flat floor. The block exerts a pressure of 600Pa on the floor. The area of contact between the block and the floor is 0.5 m². Find
SOLVE PROBLEM A hydraulic system uses a piston with an area of 0.015 m². A force of 900 N is applied. What is the
SOLVE PROBLEM A refrigerator is standing on the floor. Its weight exerts a downward force of 1,200 N, producing a pressure of 800 Pa on the floor. What is the area of
SOLVE PROBLEM A metal cabinet weighs 1,500 N and stands on a base with an area of 0.75 m².
SOLVE PROBLEM A refrigerator exerts a downward force of 1,800 N on the floor. The pressure it exerts is 1,200 Pa. Find the area of the refrigerator's base
SOLVE PROBLEM A wooden box is placed on the floor. It exerts a force of 400 N on an area of 0.20 m².
PASCAL’S PRINCIPLE COMPUTATION
PASCAL’S PRINCIPLE FORMULA
SAMPLE PROBLEM A hydraulic lift at a service station has an input piston with a cross-sectional area of 0.02 m²and an output piston with an area of 0.8m². If a mechanic needs to lift a car weighing 16,000 N parked on the output piston, how much force must be
SAMPLE PROBLEM A hydraulic car lift has a small piston with an area of 0.015 m² and a large piston with an area of 0.60 m². If a mechanic applies a force of 450 N on the small piston, what force is exerted on the large piston?
SOLVE PROBLEM A hydraulic machine uses a 0.50 m² large piston to lift a heavy object weighing 25,000 N. The operator can only exert a force of 500 N. What should be the area of the small piston?
SOLVE PROBLEM A hydraulic jack has a small piston with an area of 8 cm² and a large piston with an area of 320 cm². If a force of 150 N is applied to the small piston, determine the maximum weight (force) that can be lifted by the large