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Understanding Electric Circuits: Components, Current, and Safety Measures

Explore the basics of electric circuits, including current flow, circuit components, open vs closed circuits, and practical problem-solving with current, charge, and resistance.

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• Learners learn that many types of chemical reactions are important in our daily lives and in the biotic and abiotic parts of the environment.
• Through practical investigations, learners demonstrate qualitative understanding of the features of electricity and apply their understanding of
• Identify that electricity is a flow of electrons and show appreciation for the need to observe safe measures in handling electricity. • Participate in guided investigations to infer the relationship among current, voltage and
1.Describe the nature of electricity. 2. Enumerate the different components of a simple circuit. 3.Relate electric current to voltage and resistance.
Can you imagine a day in your life without electricity? What activities would become difficult or impossible?
• Where does electricity come from? How does it reach our homes?
Objective: • Define electric circuit terms according to students’ own understanding. • Validate the meaning of the terms by using books or online resources. Instructions: 1. Let us check your background knowledge about today’s topics. List down your own definition of the following terms in the first column. 2. Look for the meanings of the terms using books and online resources.Write what you have found out in the second column. 3. Compare your prior knowledge about the
• A closed loop through which charges can continuously move.
• the rate at which charge flows past a point on a circuit.
• circuit wherein each device is connected so that there is only one pathway at which charge can travel.
• circuit wherein each device is connected so that there are two or more pathways for the charges to travel
• What problems may arise? • Which sectors will be affected first? • What solutions can help during power interruptions? 1. What are the different sub- atomic particles? Describe their charges. 2. What sub-atomic particle is responsible for the presence of electric current? 3. What is an electric current? 4. How can charges flow? 5. How much is the charge of an electron?
• What problems may arise? • Which sectors will be affected first? • What solutions can help during power interruptions? 1. What are the different subatomic particles? Describe their charges.
• What problems may arise? • Which sectors will be affected first? • What solutions can help during power interruptions? 2. What subatomic particle is responsible for the presence of electric current? Electrons are responsible for electric current because they can move from one place to another through a conductor such as a wire.
3. What is an electric current? the continuous flow of electric charges (usually ELECTRONS (negative charges)
4. How can charges flow? Charges can flow when there is: • A closed circuit (complete path for charges to travel) • A source of energy such as a battery • A conducting material like copper wire When these conditions are present, electrons move
5. How much is the charge of an electron? The charge of one electron is: 1.602 × − 10⁻¹⁹ coulomb (C) This is called the elementary charge, and the negative sign indicates that the electron has a
• Imagine that you are filling a water bottle from a faucet. If water flows very quickly, the bottle fills fast. If water flows slowly, it takes a longer time to fill.
Instead of water flowing through pipes Electricity behaves in a similar way What do you think flows through electrical wires? Electricity is the flow of tiny charged particles called electrons through
What actually moves inside the wire are tiny charged particles called electrons. The movement of these charges is what we call electric current.
●Electric current is the rate of flow of electric charge through a circuit. ●It tells us how much charge passes a point in a given amount of time.
More charges passing each second = High Current
I = Current Unit: Ampere (A)
Q = Charge Unit: Coulomb (C)
t = Time Unit: second (s) Longer time allows more charge to pass through a point
1. How much current is in the wire if 500 Coulomb of charge flows for 10minutes?
Given: Convert time to seconds Formula: Solution: Answer
2. A steady current of 3.0 A flows in a wire for 5 minutes. How much charge passed through any point in this circuit? How many electrons would this be?
Given: Solution: Convert time to seconds Formula: Answer
Charge of one electron Substitute the value: Formula: Answer Number of Electrons How many electrons is this?
Objective: • Derive equations involving current, charge and time. • Solve problems on electric current Materials Needed: • worksheet Instructions: Answer the following problems. Show your complete solution. Write the Given, Working equation, solution and answer. .
1. There is a 350 C amount of charge which pass through the wire in 5 minutes. How much is the current through the wire?
2. A current amounting to 10A flows in a wire for 120 seconds. How much charge flows through it?
3. A steady current of 5 A flows in a wire for 10 minutes. How much charge passedthrough any point in this circuit? How many electrons pass through the circuit?
• Electric current is the continuous flow of electric charges through a conductor. • The SI unit of current is the Ampere (A). • Current is measured using an ammeter. • A higher current means more charges pass through a point every second.
Current can flow only when there is: • A closed circuit (complete path). • A source of energy (battery or power supply). • A conductor (wire) through which charges can move
●A current of 12 A flows for 3 minutes. How much charge passes through the wire? ●A charge of 900 C passes through a circuit in 5 minutes. What is the current? ●A current of 0.5 A flows for 200 s. Find the charge transferred.
• What is electric current? • What particle is responsible for electric current? • What is the unit of electric current? • What formula do we use to calculate current? • What does the symbol I represent?
• A charge of 240 C flows through a wire in 60 s. What is the current?
• Why does the flashlight light up? • Why does it stop lighting? • What changed?
Why doesn't a flashlight light even if it has a battery but the switch is open?
What would happen if one wire inside the flashlight were removed?
Why is a complete path important for electric current to flow?
Electricity has no complete path to flow. No current flows so the bulb does not light. When the switch is open, the circuit is broken. Why doesn't a flashlight light even if it has a battery but the switch is open?
The bulb will not light. Electricity needed a complete path to flow. Removing one wrie The circuit is broken (open). Electricity cannot flow. What would happen if one wire inside the flashlight were removed?
The bulb will not light. Electricity needed a complete path to flow. Removing one wrie The circuit is broken (open). Electricity cannot flow. Why is a complete path important for electric current to flow?
Objective: Construct an open and closed electric circuit using a computer simulation. b. Identify the different components of a circuit. c. Differentiate open and closed circuits. Materials Needed: • Laptop or desktop, smartphone, worksheet Instructions: Construct an a) open circuit and a b) closed circuit using the following simulation https://phet.colorado.edu/sims/html/circuit- construction-kitdc/ latest/circuit-construction-kit- dc_all.html
Guide Questions: 1. What are the different components of a circuit? 2. Differentiate an open circuit from a closed circuit. 3. How do you construct a simple electric circuit? 4. What happens when you add a resistor in the circuit?
1. What are the different components of a circuit? The basic components of a simple electric circuit are: • Battery (Power Source) – supplies electrical energy. • Conducting Wires – provide a path for electric current to flow. • Load (Bulb, Motor, Buzzer, etc.) – uses electrical energy and converts it into light, sound, heat, or motion. • Switch – opens or closes the circuit to control the
3. How do you construct a simple electric circuit? Connect a battery, wires, and a bulb to form a complete loop. One wire connects the positive terminal of the battery to the bulb, and another wire connects the bulb back to the negative terminal of the battery. When the circuit is complete, electric current flows and the bulb lights
4. What happens when you add a resistor in the circuit? A resistor opposes the flow of electric current. When a resistor is added, less current flows through the circuit, causing the bulb to become dimmer. Resistors are used to control and protect electrical devices from excessive current.
Work with a partner. Draw the circuits that you constructed during the activity or simulation.Use proper circuit symbols.Make sure your circuit forms a complete loop. A. Circuit A: • 1 battery • 1 light source • connectin g wires • switch B. Circuit B: • 2 batteries • 2 light sources • connectin g wires • switch C. Circuit C • 2 batteries • 1 light source • 1 resistor • switch • connecting wires
• Drawing actual batteries, bulbs, and wires every time can be difficult and time-consuming. • Instead, scientists use circuit symbols to represent electrical components. • These symbols help us draw and understand circuits quickly and
Advantages of Circuit Symbols ✅ Easier to draw ✅ Easier to understand ✅ Used worldwide ✅ Saves time ✅ Helps engineers design electrical systems Remember • Circuit diagrams use symbols, but they represent th same components found in real circuits.
Convert their drawings of Circuits A to C to Electric circuit schematic diagrams using electrical symbols A. Circuit A: • 1 battery • 1 light source • connectin g wires • switch B. Circuit B: • 2 batteries • 2 light sources • connectin g wires • switch C. Circuit C • 2 batteries • 1 light source • 1 resistor • switch • connecting wires
CIRCUIT A 1 battery, 1 light bulb, connecting wires, switch
CIRCUIT B • 2 batteries, 2 light bulbs, connecting wires, switch
CIRCUIT C • 2 batteries, 1 light bulb, 1 resistor, switch, connecting wires
Objective: At the end of the activity, you are expected to Illustrate simple electric circuits Materials Needed: • worksheet Instructions: Convert the following illustrations to their schematic diagrams .
• An electric circuit is a complete path through which current flows. • A simple circuit contains a battery, wires, bulb (load), and switch. • A closed circuit allows current to flow, while an open circuit stops the flow.
●Circuit symbols represent real electrical components and make diagrams easier to draw and understand. ●Adding batteries, bulbs, or resistors changes how the circuit works. Remember: • No complete path = No current flow!
Draw the symbol for battery, bulb, and switch.
List 5 appliances at home and identify what acts as the "load" and "source" in each. • Draw a schematic diagram for a simple circuit you might find in a toy.