Topic 25.FORENSIC SCIENCE LABORATORY -HIERARCHY, DIVISIONS AND SERVICES
1.
25. Forensic sciencelaboratory
25.1.Hierarchy and major
divisions of forensic lab services
CK DK K
T-OBT,P-VIVA
F&S
2.
Introduction
• FS -applicationof scientific knowledge to aid in the
administration of justice .
• FSL is the lab established to carry out scientific
examination and evaluation of evidences for legal
purpose.
• FSL collects, examines, analyzes, reports on
physical evidences and discover the facts during a
crime
3.
• FSL isthe wing of Ministry of home affairs of
India and under Directorate of Forensic
science service
4.
FSL in India
•Central forensic science
laboratory(CFSL)
1.Kolkata
2.Hyderbad
3.Chandigarh
4. New Delhi
5.Mumbai
6.Rajkot
7. Pune
• State forensic science
laboratory(SFSL)
• Regional forensic science
laboratory(RFSL)
• Mobile forensic science
laboratory(MFSL)
5.
Functions of FSL
•To examine evidence material
• To help the investigation officer for scientific
guidance in crime detection
• To help the investigating officer to collect
evidences by visiting scene of crime
• To train the investigating officer for use of
techniques in crime detection.
6.
Hierarchy of aFSL
1. Director
• Head of the Forensic Science Laboratory.
• Responsible for overall administration, policy-making, budgeting,
and coordination with courts, police, and government agencies.
2. Deputy Director / Joint Director
• Assists the Director.
• Supervises various divisions and ensures smooth functioning of
laboratory activities.
7.
3. Assistant Director/ Scientific Officer (Senior)
• Heads individual forensic divisions.
• Oversees case examination, quality control, and
reporting.
4. Scientific Officers / Forensic Experts
• Conduct scientific examination and analysis of
evidence.
• Prepare expert reports and provide court testimony.
8.
. Laboratory Technicians
•Assist scientists in evidence handling, sample
preparation, and instrument operation.
6. Administrative and Support Staff
• Clerks, data entry operators, storekeepers,
attendants, and maintenance personnel.
9.
Hierarchy of aFSL
1. Director
2. Deputy Director / Joint Director
3. Assistant Director / Scientific Officer
(Senior)
4. Scientific Officers / Forensic Experts
5. Laboratory Technicians
6. Administrative and Support Staff
10.
Major Divisions ofa FSL
1. Biology and Serology Division
• Examination of blood, semen, saliva, hair, tissues, and body fluids.
• Species identification and blood grouping.
2. DNA Division
• DNA profiling and individual identification.
• Paternity and kinship testing.
3. Toxicology Division
• Detection of poisons, drugs, alcohol, and toxic substances in biological samples.
4. Chemistry Division
• Analysis of chemicals, acids, alkalis, petroleum products, and unknown
substances.
11.
5. Ballistics Division
•Examination of firearms, ammunition, bullets, cartridge cases, and
gunshot residues.
6. Fingerprint Division
• Development, collection, comparison, and identification of fingerprints.
7. Questioned Documents Division
• Examination of handwriting, signatures, printed documents, forged
documents, and counterfeit currency.
8. Physics Division
• Analysis of glass fragments, paints, soil, tool marks, and accident
reconstruction.
12.
9. Cyber ForensicsDivision
• Examination of computers, mobile phones, digital devices, and
electronic evidence.
10. Photography and Audio-Video Analysis Division
• Enhancement and analysis of photographs, CCTV footage, audio
recordings, and videos.
11. Explosives Division
• Examination of explosives, bomb fragments, and post-blast residues.
12. Narcotics Division
• Identification and analysis of narcotic drugs and psychotropic
substances
13.
Locard’s Principle ofexchange
• When two objects come in contact, there is
always exchange of materials
• Every contacts leave a trace.
