The document discusses the features of PHP 7.1, including nullable types, void return types, array destructuring, and the addition of iterable pseudo-type. It also covers new functionalities like class constant visibility, multiple catch blocks, asynchronous signal handling, and new hash functions. Overall, PHP 7.1 introduces significant improvements enhancing type handling, code structure, and security features.

1. THEMOSTEXCITING
FEATURESOFPHP7.1
by
Senior Software Engineer
, a Rogue Wave Company (USA)
, Verona, 12th May
Enrico Zimuel
Zend
PHPDay 2017

2. ABOUTME
Developer since 1996
Senior Software Engineer at
, a Company
Core team of and
and international speaker
Research Programmer at
Co-founder of (Italy)
Zend Rogue Wave
Apigility ZF
TEDx
Amsterdam University
PUG Torino

3. PHP7.1
7.1.0 released (01 Dec 2016)
Latest is 7.1.5 (11 May 2017)

4. 7.1BYNUMBERS
376 bug xes
12 new features
13 new functions
36 new global constants
20 backward incompatible changes
2 deprecated features
16 changed functions
7 other changes

5. NEWFEATURES

6. NULLABLETYPES
For parameters and return values
Pre xing the type name with a ?
NULL can be passed as an argument,
or returned as a value

7. EXAMPLE
function hi(?string $name): ?string
{
if (null === $name) {
return null;
}
return 'Hello ' . $name;
}
echo hi(null); // returns null
echo hi('Enrico'); // returns 'Hello Enrico'
echo hi(); // Fatal error: Too few arguments to function hi(), 0 passed

8. OOPEXAMPLE
interface Fooable {
function foo(): ?Fooable;
}
interface StrictFooable extends Fooable {
function foo(): Fooable; // valid
}
interface Fooable {
function foo(): Fooable;
}
interface LooseFooable extends Fooable {
function foo(): ?Fooable; // invalid
}

9. OOPEXAMPLE(2)
interface Fooable {
function foo(Fooable $f);
}
interface LooseFoo extends Fooable {
function foo(?Fooable $f); // valid
}
interface Fooable {
function foo(?Fooable $f);
}
interface StrictFoo extends Fooable {
function foo(Fooable $f); // invalid
}

10. VOIDRETURNTYPE
function swap(&$left, &$right): void
{
if ($left === $right) {
return;
}
$tmp = $left;
$left = $right;
$right = $tmp;
}
$a = 1;
$b = 2;
var_dump(swap($a, $b), $a, $b); // null, int(2), int(1)

11. ARRAYDESTRUCTURING
$data = [
['foo', 'bar', 'baz']
];
[$a, $b] = $data[0];
var_dump($a, $b); // string(3) "foo", string(3) "bar"
[$a, , $c] = $data[0];
var_dump($a, $c); // string(3) "foo", string(3) "baz"
foreach ($data as [$a, $b, $c]) {
var_dump($a, $b, $c);
// string(3) "foo"
// string(3) "bar"
// string(3) "baz"
}

12. SUPPORTFORKEYS
Specify keys in list(), or its new shorthand [] syntax
$data = [
'a' => 'foo',
'b' => 'bar',
'c' => 'baz'
];
list('a' => $a, 'b' => $b, 'c' => $c) = $data;
var_dump($a, $b, $c);
// string(3) "foo"
// string(3) "bar"
// string(3) "baz"
['a' => $a, 'b' => $b, 'c' => $c] = $data;
var_dump($a, $b, $c);
// string(3) "foo"
// string(3) "bar"
// string(3) "baz"

13. NOMIXLIST()AND[]
// Not allowed
list([$a, $b], [$c, $d]) = [[1, 2], [3, 4]];
[list($a, $b), list($c, $d)] = [[1, 2], [3, 4]];
// Allowed
list(list($a, $b), list($c, $d)) = [[1, 2], [3, 4]];
[[$a, $b], [$c, $d]] = [[1, 2], [3, 4]];

14. ITERABLE
Added the iterable pseudo-type
It accepts array or Traversable
Can be used in parameter and return types

15. EXAMPLE
function foo(iterable $iterable): void
{
foreach ($iterable as $value) {
var_dump($value);
}
}
foo([1,2,3]);
foo(new ArrayIterator([1,2,3]));

16. CLASSCONSTVISIBILITY
class ConstDemo
{
const PUBLIC_CONST_A = 1; // default to public
public const PUBLIC_CONST_B = 2;
protected const PROTECTED_CONST = 3;
private const PRIVATE_CONST = 4;
}

17. USINGREFLECTION
$obj = new ReflectionClass("ConstDemo");
foreach ($obj->getReflectionConstants () as $const) {
var_dump($const); // object(ReflectionClassConstant)
var_dump($const->getName());
var_dump($const->getValue());
var_dump($const->isPublic());
var_dump($const->isPrivate());
var_dump($const->isProtected());
}
Re ectionClassConstant is not documented (BUG )#74261

18. MULTIPLECATCH{}
try {
// Some code...
} catch (ExceptionType1 $e) {
// Code to handle the exception
} catch (ExceptionType2 $e) {
// Same code to handle the exception
} catch (Exception $e) {
// ...
}
try {
// Some code...
} catch (ExceptionType1 | ExceptionType2 $e) {
// Code to handle the exception
} catch (Exception $e) {
// ...
}

19. NEGATIVESTRINGOFFSETS
var_dump("abcdef"[-2]); // string(1) "e"
var_dump("abcdef"[-7]); // string(0) "", PHP Notice offset
// strpos
var_dump(strpos("aabbcc", "b", -3)); // int(3)
// get the last character of a string
$last = substr($foo, -1); // before PHP 7.1
$last = $foo[-1];

20. ASYNCSIGNALHANDLING
pcntl_async_signals() has been introduced to enable
asynchronous signal handling without using ticks
pcntl_async_signals(true); // turn on async signals
pcntl_signal(SIGHUP, function($sig) {
echo "SIGHUPn";
});
posix_kill(posix_getpid(), SIGHUP);

21. CLOSUREFROMCALLABLE
class Test
{
public function exposeFunction()
{
return Closure::fromCallable([ $this, 'privateFunction']);
}
private function privateFunction($param)
{
var_dump($param);
}
}
$privFunc = (new Test)->exposeFunction();
var_dump($privFunc); // object(Closure)
$privFunc('some value'); // string(10) "some value"

22. OPENSSLAEAD
Authenticated Encrypt with Associated Data (AEAD)
Support GCM and CCM encryption modes
GCM is 3x faster than CCM. See this benchmark
More info on Authenticated Encryption in PHP 7.1

23. OPENSSL_ENCRYPT()
string openssl_encrypt(
string $data,
string $method,
string $password,
[ int $options = 0 ],
[ string $iv = "" ],
[ string &$tag = NULL ],
[ string $aad = "" ],
[ int $tag_length = 16 ]
)
$tag contains the authentication hash

24. OPENSSL_DECRYPT()
string openssl_decrypt(
string $data,
string $method,
string $password,
[ int $options = 0 ],
[ string $iv = "" ],
[ string $tag = "" ],
[ string $aad = "" ]
)
$tag is the authentication hash

25. ENCRYPTEXAMPLE
$algo = 'aes-256-gcm';
$iv = random_bytes(openssl_cipher_iv_length( $algo));
$key = random_bytes(32); // 256 bit
$data = random_bytes(1024); // 1 Kb of random data
$ciphertext = openssl_encrypt(
$data,
$algo,
$key,
OPENSSL_RAW_DATA,
$iv,
$tag
);
// output is $ciphertext and $tag
$tag is the authentication hash

26. DECRYPTEXAMPLE
$decrypt = openssl_decrypt(
$ciphertext,
$algo,
$key,
OPENSSL_RAW_DATA,
$iv,
$tag
);
if (false === $decrypt) {
throw new Exception(sprintf(
"OpenSSL error: %s", openssl_error_string()
));
}
printf ("Decryption %sn", $data === $decrypt ? 'Ok' : 'Failed');
$tag is the authentication hash

27. HTTP/2SERVERPUSH
Server push has been added to CURL 7.46+
Use curl_multi_setopt() function with the new
CURLMOPT_PUSHFUNCTION constant
Added CURL_PUSH_OK and CURL_PUSH_DENY to
approve or deny the callback execution

28. EXAMPLE
$transfers = 1;
$callback = function($parent_ch, $pushed_ch, array $headers)
use (&$transfers) {
$transfers++;
return CURL_PUSH_OK;
};
$mh = curl_multi_init();
curl_multi_setopt($mh, CURLMOPT_PIPELINING, CURLPIPE_MULTIPLEX);
curl_multi_setopt($mh, CURLMOPT_PUSHFUNCTION, $callback);
$ch = curl_init();
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, "https://localhost:8080/index.html" );
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HTTP_VERSION, 3);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, 1);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYHOST, 0); // self-signed cert
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER, 0); // self-signed cert
curl_multi_add_handle($mh, $ch);

29. EXAMPLE(2)
$active = null;
do {
$status = curl_multi_exec($mh, $active);
do {
$info = curl_multi_info_read( $mh);
if (false !== $info && $info['msg'] == CURLMSG_DONE) {
$handle = $info['handle'];
if ($handle !== null) {
$transfers--; // decrement remaining requests
$body = curl_multi_getcontent( $info['handle']);
curl_multi_remove_handle( $mh, $handle);
curl_close( $handle);
}
}
} while ($info);
} while ($transfers);
curl_multi_close($mh);

30. NEWHASHFUNCTIONS
Added hash_hkdf() function to support HKDF ( )RFC 5869
$key = random_bytes(32);
$salt = random_bytes(16);
$encryptKey = hash_hkdf('sha256', $key, 32, 'encrypt', $salt);
$authKey = hash_hkdf('sha256', $key, 32, 'auth', $salt);
var_dump($encryptKey !== $authKey); // bool(true)
Added SHA3 support (224, 256, 384, and 512)
$hash = hash('sha3-224', 'This is a text');
var_dump($hash);
// string(56)"9209f5869ad03ac11549902b3c83fe8e6b7e1cd1614ab4291587db43"

31. TOSUMMARIZE
Nullable and void return types
Array destructuring
Iterable
Class CONST visibility
Multiple catch {}
Async signal handling
Closure from callable
OpenSSL AEAD
HTTP/2 Server Push
New hash functions

32. THANKS!
Rate this talk at https://joind.in/talk/935fc
Contact me: enrico.zimuel [at] roguewave.com
Follow me: @ezimuel
This work is licensed under a
.
I used to make this presentation.
Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License
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