The document discusses trends and challenges related to livestock, human health, and emerging zoonotic diseases, presenting data on the global distribution of diseases and their connection to livestock keeping. It highlights the causal linkages between livestock, nutrition, and health outcomes among impoverished populations and includes historical rankings of disease burdens. The findings emphasize the importance of addressing foodborne diseases and the role of livestock in public health and nutrition.

1. Trends
and
challenges
Livestock
and
healthy
lives
ILRI@40
Barbara
Szonyi
and
Delia
Grace
Emerging
zoono@c
infec@ous
diseases
–
past
trends
and
future
predic@ons
Maps
of
all
zoono@c
emerging
infec@ous
disease
events
(n
=
202)
since
1940
.
Size
of
circles
denotes
number
of
events
and
color
denotes
breakdown
of
events
in
terms
of
type
of
zoono@c
host.
Source:
D
Grace
et
al.
2002.
Mapping
of
poverty
and
likely
zoonoses
hot
spots.
Report
to
Department
of
Interna@onal
Development,
UK.
Updated
from
Jones,
K
et
al.
2008.
Global
trends
in
emerging
infec@ous
diseases
.Nature,:451
(7181),
990-­‐993.
Pictures
Barbara
Szonyi
b.szonyi@cgiar.org
Addis
Ababa
Ethiopia
●
ilri.org
Global
distribu@on
of
rela@ve
risk
of
an
EID
event.
Maps
are
derived
for
EID
events
caused
by
(a)
zoono@c
pathogens
from
wildlife,
(b)
zoono@c
pathogens
from
non-­‐wildlife,
(c)
drug-­‐resistant
pathogens
and
(d)
vector-­‐borne
pathogens.
Green
to
red
indicates
low
to
high
risk.
Source:
Jones,
K
et
al.
2008.
Global
trends
in
emerging
infec@ous
diseases
.Nature,:451
(7181),
990-­‐993.
This
document
is
licensed
for
use
under
a
Crea@ve
Commons
ABribu@on
–Non
commercial-­‐Share
Alike
3.0
Unported
License
November
2014
June
2012
Conceptual
framework
of
the
causal
links
between
livestock
keeping,
nutri@on
and
health
outcomes
among
the
poor
Right:
Hypothesized
causal
linkages
between
livestock
keeping
and
human
nutri@on
and
health
outcomes
among
the
poor
.
ASF
=
animal-­‐source
food;
HH
=
household;
arrows
indicate
different
causal
linkages
.
Source:
.F.
Randolph
et
al.
Role
of
livestock
in
human
nutri@on
and
health
for
poverty
reduc@on
in
developing
countries.
J.
Anim.
Sci.
2007.
85:2788–2800.
Food-­‐borne
diseases
in
the
developing
world
Approach
Lec:
Distribu@on
of
major
food-­‐
borne
zoonoses.
Source:
D
Grace
et
al.
2002.
Mapping
of
poverty
and
likely
zoonoses
hot
spots.
Report
to
Department
of
Interna@onal
Development,
UK.
1990
Rank
Condi9on
1
Lower
respiratory
infec@ons
2
Diarrheal
diseases
3
Preterm
birth
complica@ons
4
COPD
5
Malaria
6
Stroke
7
Protein-­‐energy
malnutri@on
8
Tuberculosis
9
Neonatal
encephalopathy
10
Ischemic
heart
disease
2010
Rank
Condi9on
1
Lower
respiratory
infec@ons
2
Diarrheal
diseases
3
Ischemic
heart
disease
4
Malaria
5
Stroke
6
HIV/AIDS
7
Preterm
birth
complica@ons
8
Road
injury
9
COPD
10
Low
back
pain
Trends
of
global
disease
burden
Rank
1990
Condi9on
1
Ischemic
heart
disease
2
Stroke
3
Low
back
pain
4
Road
injury
5
Lung
cancer
6
Major
depressive
disorder
7
COPD
8
Self-­‐harm
9
Other
musculoskeletal
10
Diabetes
Rank
2010
Condi9on
1
Ischemic
heart
disease
2
Stroke
3
Low
back
pain
4
Major
depressive
disorder
5
Lung
cancer
6
COPD
7
Other
musculoskeletal
8
Road
injury
9
Diabetes
10
Falls
Top
10
causes
of
DALY
in
developed
countries.
Disability-­‐adjusted
life
year
(DALY)
is
a
measure
of
overall
disease
burden,
expressed
as
the
number
of
years
lost
due
to
ill-­‐health,
disability
or
early
death.
Source:
Ins@tute
for
Health
Metrics
and
Evalua@on
(IHME)
Top
10
causes
of
DALY
in
developed
countries.
Source:
IHME