Subhash Chandra Bose

EARLY LIFE:-
• Born: 23 January, 1879 in
Cuttack, Orissa (presently
known as Odisha).
• Father: Janakinath Bose
(famous lawyer in Cuttack &
received the title “Rai
Bahadur”.)
• Mother: Prabhavathi Devi
(religious lady)
• 9th child among 14 siblings.

• Brilliant student right from
his childhood.
• Schools: Protestant European
School (P. E. School) at the
age of 5 & in 1909 transferred
to Ravenshaw Collegiate
School.
• Protestant School is presently
known as Stewart High
School in Cuttack & this
school was run by Baptist
mission.
P. E. SCHOOL

• 1913 :- Topper of matriculation
examination of Calcutta Province.
• Not much interested in sports.
•Intelligent & sincere student.
•He was influenced by Ramakrishna
Paramahamsa’s teachings & his work at
the age of 16.

• B.A: Philosophy
• College: Presidency College
in Calcutta.
• Influenced by: Swami
Vivekananda teachings &
was known for his patriotic
zeal as a student.
• Spiritual guru: Swami
Vivekananda

Family Photo of Subhash Chandra
Bose:-

START OF THE OPPOSITION TO
BRITISH:-
After reading many
incidents about the
exploitation of the fellow
Indians by the British.
In 1916, Subhash beat &
thrashed a British teacher,
E.. F. Oaten.
So, he was expelled from
the Presidency College.
E. F. Oaten

After this incident, he was considered as one of
the rebel- Indian.
He found Britisher’s insulting the Indians in
public place as offensive.
Later he was accepted in Scottish Church
College in Calcutta in 1917.
He graduated with first class in Pholosophy in
1919.

BOSE IN BRITAN FOR ICS:-
oICS:- Indian Civil Service. It was a exam.
oSubhas’s father wanted him to become a civil servant.
oSo he was sent to University of Cambridge in England in 1919.
o1920 – Bose appeared for exam.
oHe got 4th place in ICS & highest marks in English..
oHe got selected for ICS, but refused it as he was not interested to
serve in British govenment.
oHe was also disturbed by Jallianwala Bagh massacre(1919).
o1921 – returned India.

ROLE OF BOSE IN FREEDOM
STRUGGLE:-
1. Bose and INC
2. Forward Block
3. Bose in Berlin (Germany)
4. IIL
5. INA
6. Bose in Japan
7. Delhi Chalo
8. Provincial Government

1. Bose & Indian National
Congress(INC):-
 He left home to join Indian independence movement.
 Joined Non-cooperation movement(1920),which was started by Gandhiji.
 Non-cooperation movement was a powerful non-violent organization.
 Bose was not satisfied with the principle of non-violence by Gandhiji.
 By the influence of Gandhiji, Bose joinedINC.
 According to Gandhiji’s instructions, Subhas started working under
C.R.Das.
 He considered C.R.Das as his political guru.

 C.R.Das was an active member of Congress in Calcutta.
 He started the newspaper known as “Swaraj”.
 He was also the editor of the newspaper “Forward”.
 1934: Published a book called “The Indian Struggle”, but
British govt banned this book.

 Bose & Das were arrested on 25th December 1921 – for
organising a boycott against the Prince of Wales’s visit to India.
 So imprisoned for 6 months.

 Bose supported Motilal & Das in organising Swarajist
party.
 1923 – Bose was the president of All India Youth
Congress and also secretary of Bengal state Congress.
 1924 – Bose was appointed as CEO (Chief Executive
Officer) of Calcutta by C.R.Das & at the same time
C.R.Das was elected as the Mayor of Calcutta.

 Activities of Bose brought displeasure to the
government.
 So, he was deported to Mandalay jail in 1925.

1927 – Released from prison & became general
secretary of Congress party and worked with
Jawaharlal Nehru.
Nehru & Bose – young and extremist elements of
INC.

a. Haripura Congress Session (1938)
1907 – Congress was divided into 2 groups based on ideology.
Gandhi remained away from politics.
Congress met in Haripura (Surat district of Gujarat) from 19th
to 21st Feb, 1938.
President – Subhash Chandra Bose (Rebel president of
Congress).

Differences between Gandhi and Bose started in this session of
Congress.
Reason – 2nd World War (regarding helping for British in war was
accepted by Gandhiji with certain conditions but Subhas Chandra
Bose refused this.)
Resolution – “A 6 months ultimatum given to the British government
demanding independence for India, if British fail then Congress should
launch an all out struggle, to throw out the British from India”.
Now Jawaharlal Nehru fell apart from Bose.
Bose organised National planning committee ( this was also opposed
by Gandhiji because he refused industrialization).
Bose respected Gandhiji only as a “Father of the Nation”.

b. Tripura Congress Session (1939)
British govt was keen on Bose taking interest in axis
powers(Germany, Italy and Japan) & developing Gandhi – Bose
strife.
For this election of presidentship, Bose announced his
candidature.
Gandhiji suggested Nehru to announce his name as a
candidate.
But Nehru refused & suggested Maulana Azad.

 Azad also rejected.
 New candidate – Dr.Pattabhi Sitharamayya, an
Andhra leader (Gandhiji’s candidate).

 Bose was not sure of his winning.
 29th Jan 1939 – Result declared.
 Bose won with 1580 votes against Sitharamayya with
1377 votes.
 In 10th to 12th March 1939 Congress met an annual
session at Tripura near Jabalpur in Madhya Pradesh.
 Bose was unable to attend the annual meeting (due to
health issues).
 So Bose sent a telegramto Sardar Patel to postpone the
meeting.

A telegram was also sent to Gandhiji telling that he can
suggested any others name for the working committee
of Congress.
But Gandhiji didn’t suggest any name.
Telegram hurted the Congressmen.
Later, Subhas Chandra Bose regined the Congress
association in 1939, April 28.
Later the post of presidentship of Tripura Congress
Session was led by Dr. Rajendra Prasad.

2. Forward Bloc:- (1939)
Clouds of WorldWar II were on the horizon and he
brought a resolution to give the British six months to hand
India over to the Indians, failing which there wouldbe a
revolt.
There was much opposition to his rigid stand, and he
resigned from the post of president.
The resolution of Haripura Congress session brought
much opposition for Bose.
Later formed a progressive groupknown as ForwardBloc.
It was a left-wing party.

Founder and President of the All India Forward Bloc : Subhas Chandra Bose.
All India Forward Bloc was a left-wing nationalist political party in India
which emerged as a faction within the India Congress in 1939, led by Subhas
Chandra Bose.
He was well known for his leftist views in Congress.
 The prime objective of the Froward Bloc was to bring all radical elements of
the Congress party.
So that he could spread the meaning of complete independence of India
with adherence of the application of principles of equality and social justice.

The purpose of which was to fight for the independence of the country,
separately from the Congress.
He did not deviate from his goal of independence due to his courage, and
vision.
He formed the All India Forward Bloc, a party within Congress, in an
attempt to bring together the leftist faction and to fight Gandhism.
He fought a losing battle against both Gandhi and the Congress party for 20
months until he was removed from the presidency of the Bengal Provincial
Congress Committee.
The party re-established as an independent political party after the
independence of India.

The ForwardBloc of the Indian National Congress was formedon May 3, 1939
by Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose in Makur Unnao , Uttar Pradesh,
The formation of the Forward Bloc was announced to the public at a rally in
Calcutta.
Bose saidthat who all were joining, they had to never turn their back to the
British and must fill the pledge formby cutting theirfinger andsigning it
with their blood.
First of all, seventeen young girls came up and signed the pledge form.
A Forward Bloc Conference was held in Bombay in the end of June.

At that conference the constitution and programme of the ForwardBloc were
approved.
In July 1939 Subhas Chandra Bose announcedthe Committee of the Forward
Bloc.
It had Subhas Chandra Bose as president, S.S. Kavishar fromPunjab as its
vice-president, Lal Shankarlal from Delhi, as its general secretary and
Vishwambhar Dayalu Tripathi and Khurshed Nariman fromBombay as
secretaries.
Other prominent members were AnnapurniahfromAndhra Pradesh,
Senapati Bapat, Hari Vishnu Kamnath from Bombay, Muthuramalingam
Thevar from Tamil Nadu and Sheel Bhadra Yagee fromBihar.

Satya Ranjan Bakshi, was appointed as the
secretary of the Bengal Provincial Forward Bloc.
In August, the same year Bose began publishing a
newspaper titled Forward Bloc.
He travelled around the country, rallying support
for his new political project.

The First Conference:-
The next year, on 20–22 June 1940, the ForwardBloc held its first All India
Conference in Nagpur.
The conference declaredthe ForwardBloc to be a socialist political party, and
the date of 22 June is consideredas the founding date of the party by the
ForwardBloc itself.
The conference passeda resolution titled'All Power to the Indian People', urging
militant action for struggle against British colonial rule.
Subhash Chandra Bose was electedas the president of the party and H.V.
Kamath as the general secretary.

Arrest and exile of Bose:-
Soon thereafter, on 2 July, Bose was arrestedanddetainedin Presidency Jail,
Calcutta.
Bose was arrested by the government because of his radical ideas andfor
propagating anti-government feelings among the masses.
While being in prison, he went on a hunger strike.
On the seventh day of his fast, the government releasedhimandput him
under house arrest at Kolkata.
In January 1941, he managedto escape fromthe house arrest by dressing in
disguise.
Later he crossedthe Indian border.

Aims and Objectives of the Forward Bloc:-
The immediate objective of the ForwardBloc was to liberate India with the help
andsupport of the workers, peasants, youth and all the other radical
organisations.
It was laiddown that after attaining independence, the party would work for
establishing a socialist society in the country by adopting the following measures:
Abolishing the zamindari system
Making the right to work the fundamental right of citizens
Providing several medical andeconomic benefits to workers
Introducing a new monetary andcredit system

3. Bose in Berlin (Germany):- (1941-1943)
The Second World War had broken out in 1939.
When the war-clouds were gathering in Europe, Bose correctly readthe signs of the
time and upon the impendingwar between Englandand Germany as a great
opportunity to strike a blowfor the freedomof India.
The BritishGovernment naturally lookeduponBose as a dangerous revolutionary,
& arrested himon July 2nd , 1940.
Evenwhilehe was in detention in the Presidency jail in Calcutta, he decidedto
undergo a trail.
He decided to go on hunger-strike and on 26 Nov, 1940 addresseda long letter to
the governor of Bengal and his ministers as:

“
”
The individual must die, so that the nation may
live. Today I must die, so that the nation may live.
He commenced his fast on 29 Nov, 1940, but he developed alarmimg
symptoms, so the govt released him on 5 Dec.
After his release, he remained quietly in his house in Cuttack, which
was under the surveillance by the Police.
He was last seen there on 16 Jan, 1941.
He left his house on 17 Jan, 1941 @ about 1.25 A.M. & proceeded in car
to Gomoh.

He then proceeded to Russiawith an Italian passport & on 28 March, 1941
flew fromMoscow to Berlin.
The German dictator Adolf Hitler did not like to help him for the cause of
Indian independence.
He was well receivedby Ribbentrop & proposed that:
A. He wouldbroadcast anti-British propaganda from Berlin.
B. Raise ‘Free India’ units fromIndian prisoners of war in Germany, while
C. The Axis Powers wouldjointly make a Declaration of Indian
Independence.
The idea of forming Indian military units got an impetus when
Germany declaredwar against Russiaon 22 Jun, 1941.

Bose met Hitler on May 29, 1942 but could not convince him the immediate
securing of independence to India.
According to the belief of Hitler, he wrote in his book ‘MEIN KAMPF’ as ‘India
would not be able to rule herself for another 150 years’.
Bose proposed to raise an Indian legion of 3 infantry battalions & a company of
irregulars which would form part of the German 5th Column Organization.
Bose asked to bring the Indian prisoners of war in North Africa to Germany.
With this team he formed 2 units in 1942.

He foundedthe Indian Legion out of about 4500 Indian soldiers who
were in the British army and had been taken prisoners by the Germans
from North Africa.
The Indian community in Germany called himas “Netaji”.
And greetedhim with ‘Jai Hind’.

Nehru at that time said “If Subhash would bring soldiers from
outside and enter India, then I would be the first person to wield
a sword and oppose him.”
Hitler later treated Bose in equal manner with German Govt.

Bose and his associates were permitted to use Berlin Radio
for broadcasting to India without censorship.
From Berlin Radio he regularly broadcasted to India
urging his countrymen to rise against the British.
He also found Free India Centres in Rome & Paris.
But further activities in Germany was suddenly stopped,
bcz of success of Japanese against British.

So he decided to leave Germany.
He very soon felt that South-East Asia would be a suitable ground for his
grand scheme of raising a national army to free India from the British
yoke.
The golden opportunity for himcame when Japan joined the war.
He worked on the maximthat "an enemy's enemy is a friend“.
In January 1942, he began his regular broadcasts from Radio Berlin,
which aroused tremendous enthusiasmin India.
In July 1943, he left Germany with Indian colleague, Abid Hassan, leaving
behind his wife and only child, daughter Anita, and many well wishers in
Germany.

In 1943, Subhash left Germany from Kiel port in a Submarine.
Through risk, suffering and untold hardship he finally reached
Tokyo in 1943.
He held discussion with the Japanese authorities in the course of
which the latter promised the independence of India after the war.
From Tokyo he went to Singapore where he was warmly welcomed
by Rash Behari and the latter handed over the leadership to
Subhash.

Emilie Schenkl:-
Wife of Subhas Chandra Bose.
Daughter: Anita Bose Pfaff
Married in: 1937

4. Indian Independence League (IIL):- (1942)
Definite shape to this league was given by Rash Bihari Bose.
Rash Bihari Bose was a citizen of Japan.
Bihari Bose & his wife Toshiko

He always workedfor his motherland, India.
Conference was held at Tokyo on 28 to 30 March, 1942.
This conference passeda resolution to form INA the direct command of
Indian Officers who wouldconduct the campaign for the liberation of
India.
IIL was establishedthroughout Japanese Asia.
Another conference was held at Bangkok in 15 to 23 June, 1942.
It was attendedby 100 delegates from Burma, Malaya, Thailand, Indo-
China, Philippines, Japan, China, Borneo, Java, Sumatra, Hong Kong &
Andamans.

Chairman: Rash Bihari Bose
The conference was formally inaugarated IIL withdefiniteconstitution.
Objective of the League was to attain complete& immediateindependence to
India.
The conference passedaltogether 35 resolutions, including one inviting Subhas
Chandra Bose.

Subhash became the President of the Indian National
Army as well as the President of Indian Independence
League.
Addressing a huge meeting at Singapore on 4th July, 1943
Rash Behari said “In your presence to-day I resign my office
and appoint Desh Sevak Subhash Chandra Bose as
President of the Indian Independence League.”
However Rash Behari remained a courageous and selfless
freedomfighter till his death.

5. Indian National Army (INA):- (1942)
Objectives of the INA:
To fight the Britisharmy withmodern arms and weapons.
To organise Indians living abroad and plan an armed revolutionagainst the British
Government.
To organise the Provisional Government of Free India
To mobilise man power and money for war against the British
The motto of the INA was “Unity, faithand sacrifice”.

The Indian National Army andSubhash Chandra Bose had playedtheir
significant role in the freedomstruggle of India.
The other name of INA is Azad HindFauz.
Rash Behari Bose convenedtwo conferences one at Tokyo in March,
1942 andthe secondin Bangkok in Jun 1942.

The revolutionaries assembled in the conferences decided to forman Indian
National Army for the liberation of India fromthe Britishrule.
The army was to be formed withIndians in the South-East Asian Countries
and Indian soldiers of the BritishArmy captured by the Japanese.
Capt. Mohan Singh was primarily responsible for raising the army.

Captain Mohan Singh was declared as its Commander-in-Chief.
The idea of the INA was first conceived in Malaya by Mohan Singh, an Indian
officer of the British Indian Army, when he decided not to join the retreating
British army.
Indian prisoners of war were handed over by the Japanese to Mohan Singh
who then tried to recruit theminto an Indian National Army.
By the endof 1942, forty thousandmen expressedtheirwillingness to jointhe
INA.
The outbreak of the Quit India Movement gave a fillip to the INAas well.
Anti-British demonstrations were organizedin Malaya.

The First Phase of the INA:
On 1st September 1942 the first division of the INA was formed with
16,300 men.
But, by December 1942, serious differences emerged between the
Indian army officers led by Mohan Singh and the Japanese over the
role that the INA was to play.
Mohan Singh and Niranjan Singh Gill, the senior-most Indian
officer to join the INA, were arrested.

Rash Behari Bose was made the President of the Council of Action.
Shortly afterwards Rash Behari dismissedMohan Singhwhose personal
ambition endangered the I.N.A.
Rash Behari then playeda great role in organizing the movement.
SubhashBose was invitedto take up the leadership.

The Second Phase of the INA:
The second phase of the INA began when Subhas Chandra Bose was
brought to Singapore on 2nd July 1943, by means of German and
Japanese submarines.
Subhas Bose set up INA headquarter, in Rangoon, and began to
reorganize the INA.
The Azad Hind Fauj comprised about 45,000 soldiers, among who
were Indian prisoners of war as well as Indians who were settled in
various countries of south-east Asia.

Indian women also played an important role in the activities for the
freedom of India.
A women’s regiment of Azad HindFauj was formed, which was
under the command of CaptainLakshmi Swaminathan.
It was called the Rani Jhansi regiment.
The Azad Hind Fauj became the symbol of unity and heroism to the
people of India.
Subhash Brigade, Azad Brigade and Gandhi Brigade were formed.

On 6 July 1944, Subhas Bose, in a broadcast on Azad Hind Radio
addressed to Gandhiji, said: ‘India’s last war of independence has
begun. . . Father of our Nation! In this holy war of India’s liberation,
we ask for your blessing and good wishes.’
Bose reorganized the recruitment & training of the dept’s of the
INA.
Apart from the physical training for the soldiers, they were also
given mental training to arouse their national spirit and love for
their motherland.

Victories of INA in South East Asia
and Subsequent Retreats:
TheINA along with the Japanese army over ran many territories in South
Asia.
It capturedMowdok, a place near Chittagong.
It then capturedKohimaandreached Imphal.

However, when the INA was just nearImphal, the Japanese troops
had withdrawn their forces from the border.
The onset of heavy rainfall also prevented the INA from capturing
Imphal.
The INA withdrew to Burma and continued to hold it for almost a
year.
A year later in May 1945, Burma was recaptured by the British forces.
Thedefeat of the Japanese forces in the Second World War also
marked the defeat of the INA in India.

Significance of the Struggles of INA:-
The INA gave tough fight to the British.
The INA didnot succeedin its mission to liberate India, its contribution
to the Indian independence movement was immense.
The INA inspireduprisings in the armedforces.
The heroicdeeds andsacrifices of the soldiers of the INA led to the
awakening of political consciousness among theIndians.
The British now realised that they cannot continue to rule India for long.

Quotes by Bose to INA soldiers:
“Give me bloodandI will give you freedom!” this was one of the most imp
quote usedby Subhas.
“Freedomis not given - it is taken”
“One individual may diefor an idea, but that idea will, after his death,
incarnate itself in a thousandlives.”
He gave his famous battle cry “Delhi Chalo” (on to Delhi) in 1943.
This was the call he usedto give to the INA army to encourage them.

He worked out a master plan of campaign for the INA with the
ultimate goal of reaching Delhi.
A touching scene ensued when the soldiers entered their ‘free’
motherland.
Some lay down and kissed, some placed pieces of mother earth on
their heads, others wept.
They were now inside India and were determined to drive out the
British! Delhi Chalo (Let’s march to Delhi) was the war cry.

6. The Provincial Government:-
On 21st October, 1943 Subhash Chandra Bose announcedthe Provincial Govt of Free
India.
A grandfunction was held for the formal inauguration of Provincial Government @
Cathy Hall in Singapore.
Here in the function Bose read his historical proclamation as “In the name of God, I take
the sacredoath that to liberate India & 38crores of my countrymen, I Subhas Chandra
Bose will continue this sacred war of freedomtill the last breathof my life; I shall always
remain a servant of Free India, even after winning freedomI will always be prepared to
shed my bloodfor the preservation of India’s freedom”.

The Provincial Government immediately declared war on Great
Britan and United States of America.
It also won quick recognition from 9 nations: Japan, Germany, Italy,
Thailand, Burma, China, Manchuria, Croatia & Philippines.
On Oct 28, 1943 Bose flew to Tokyo as the head of the Provincial
Government of Free India.
He was received by the Japanese emperor with honour due to the
head of the state.

He also attended the conference of Great East Asia in Nov, 1943
here the Japan PM, Tojo announced that his govt decided to hand
over the Andaman and Nicobar islands to the ProvincialGovt of
Free India.
The Provincial Govt renamed these islands as Sahid and Swaraj.
The Japanese Govt helps the Provincial govt against the British.

Death of Subhash Chandra Bose:-
He died in an air crash at the Taihou airport.
He died on 18 August,1945, in a hospital in Taiwan after
suffering from the burn-injuries sustained in a plane crash.

Subhash Chandra Bose

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