Stephen D. Rappaport gave a presentation called "Listening with the Third Ear: Marketing's Emergent Humanism" at the Festival of NewMR on November 3, 2011. He discussed how listening, including with one's "third ear," can help shape and revise companies' mental models of customers, brands, and business. Rappaport argued that third ear listening provides valuable data for testing and updating mental models to reflect human interests and values. He suggested companies re-examine their mental models and consider how listening could help promote a more humanistic approach to marketing and business success. The presentation concluded with a question and answer session.