Secretion of urine in birds
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The urinary system of birds consists of paired kidneys and ureters that transport urine to the cloaca. The kidneys are elongated brown structures located symmetrically on either side of the vertebral column below the pelvis and sacrum. Urine is formed in microscopic nephrons located in renal tubules that make up the kidneys. The tubules empty into collecting ducts that connect to ureters, which transport urine to the cloaca for storage prior to excretion. In birds, urine takes the form of a thick pasty substance high in insoluble uric acid rather than water-soluble waste as most other animals produce.
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Avian excretory system
1 . EXCRETION
Waste product removal e.g. nitrogenous – uric acid (mammals urea , fish ammonia)
Kidneys – secrete uric acid (product of protein metabolism)
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No sweat glands
Salt glands (water birds)
Water loss – lungs
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• Major organs are the kidneys, the ureter and the cloaca.
• No urinary bladder in bird.
3 . ANATOMICAL STRUCTURE OF KIDNEY
Avian kidneys are paired fitted closely the bony depression on the dorsal wall of the pelvis . Each kidney is divided into three lobes.
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5 . NEPHRON
Two kinds of nephrons.
1. Reptilian nephron
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• 7. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN AVIAN AND MAMMALIAN KIDNEY
8. RENAL PORTAL SYSTEM
Uric acid is formed in the liver as well as the kidneys of the birds from ammonia, which is the most toxic protein metabolic by product .
9. GLOMERULAR FILTRATION
Fluid pressure forces water and dissolved substances from glomerular blood to Bowman’s capsule .
Filtration averages 125 ml/min form two kidneys.
10 . TUBULAR REABSORPTION
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11 . COUNTER CURRENT MECHANISM
This mechanism works in the loop of henle to increase water reabsorbed from the descending limb as a result of salt reabsorbed from the ascending limb .
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After the presentation of urine to cloaca their might be retrograde flow or backward flow of urine into the colon.
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The document describes the anatomy and physiology of the urinary system. It details the major structures including the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. It explains that the kidneys filter waste from the blood to produce urine and regulate important processes in the body. Urine travels from the kidneys through the ureters to the bladder, then exits through the urethra. Key functions of the urinary system include waste excretion, fluid and electrolyte balance, and blood pressure regulation.
URINARY SYSTEM PPT.pptx
The urinary system maintains homeostasis by filtering the blood and regulating fluid volume and composition. It includes the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra. The kidneys filter blood to produce urine, removing waste and regulating electrolytes. Urine moves from the kidneys to the bladder via ureters and is expelled via the urethra. Precise regulation of filtration, reabsorption, and secretion allow the urinary system to maintain fluid balance and blood composition.
Excretory system in Human (Class 10)
Life of every organism depends on certain basic processes. Excretion is one among them. Different organisms follow different modes of excretion. In complex organisms including humans, there is a specialized system for excretion called human excretory system.
Urinary system
The urinary system consists of the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra. The kidneys filter waste from the blood to produce urine. Urine travels from the kidneys down the ureters into the urinary bladder, where it is stored until urination. The urethra then carries urine from the bladder out of the body. The kidneys contain nephrons, which filter the blood, reabsorb useful substances, and secrete waste products to form urine and maintain homeostasis.
Excretory system
The excretory system consists of the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra which work together to remove waste from the body. The kidneys filter blood and regulate waste removal by selectively reabsorbing useful compounds while secreting metabolic wastes into urine. This urine is then transported through the ureters to the bladder and finally expelled from the body through the urethra, aided by other excretory organs like the skin, lungs, large intestine and liver.
Urinogenital System in Frog 1.pptx
The urinogenital system in frogs is responsible for both excretion and reproduction. In males, the key structures are the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, testes, and cloaca. The ureters carry both urine and sperm in males. In females, the ovaries and oviducts are involved in reproduction, while the kidneys, ureters and urinary bladder perform excretory functions. The cloaca acts as a common chamber for the excretory and reproductive systems in both sexes. Kidneys are supplied with blood via the renal portal veins and renal arteries, and contain nephrons that filter waste from the blood into urine.
Urinogenital System in Frog 1.pptx
The urinogenital system of frogs is responsible for both excretion and reproduction. In males, the key structures are the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, testes, and cloaca. The ureters carry both urine and sperm from the kidneys to the cloaca. In females, the ovaries and oviducts are involved in reproduction, while the kidneys, ureters, and urinary bladder perform excretion. Both sexes possess kidneys containing nephrons that filter waste from the blood to produce urine, which is stored in the urinary bladder and released via the cloaca.
Urinary System Presentationyorkville College 1203376567476185 2
1. The kidneys filter blood and produce urine by filtering, reabsorbing, and secreting various substances. They are located in the upper back behind the abdominal cavity.
2. Urine is transported from the kidneys to the bladder via ureters. It is stored in the bladder until urination.
3. During urination, sphincter muscles relax allowing urine to pass through the urethra and exit the body. The urethra has gender differences in structure and function.
Uri A
The document provides detailed information about the structure and function of the urinary system. It describes the location and structure of the kidneys and discusses nephrons, filtration, reabsorption, and secretion in urine formation. It also outlines the pathways of urine from the kidneys through the ureters to the bladder and urethra, and describes how urine is stored and expelled from the body.
Urinary System Presentation-Yorkville College
The document provides details about the structure and function of the urinary system. It describes the location and structure of the kidneys and discusses nephrons, filtration, reabsorption, and secretion in urine formation. It also outlines the pathways of blood supply and drainage in the kidneys. Further, it details the ureters, bladder, and urethra and their roles in transporting and storing urine. Homeostatic imbalances like kidney stones are also mentioned.
Urinary System.pptx
The urinary system consists of two kidneys, two ureters, a urinary bladder, and a urethra. The kidneys filter waste from the blood to produce urine. Each kidney contains over a million nephrons, the functional units that filter blood and form urine. Urine is stored in the bladder and exits the body through the urethra. The kidneys also regulate fluid and electrolyte balance and blood pressure.
Anaphysio ch 12 urinary
The urinary system consists of the kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra. The kidneys filter waste from the blood to produce urine. The nephrons in the kidneys remove wastes and regulate water and electrolyte balance. Urine travels from the kidneys down the ureters to the bladder. When full, the bladder contracts to expel urine through the urethra. The system helps maintain homeostasis by regulating water balance and removing toxins from the body.
Genitourinary System Anatomy and Physiology..pptx
The genitourinary system, or urogenital system, are the organs of the reproductive system and the urinary system. These are grouped together because of their proximity to each other, their common embryological origin and the use of common pathways, like the male urethra.
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Excretory system:Kidneys,ureter,urethra and urinary bladder
Excretory system:Kidneys,ureter,urethra and urinary bladder
Gentiourinary system ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY & ASSESSMENT
Gentiourinary system ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY & ASSESSMENT
Urinary System Presentationyorkville College 1203376567476185 2
Urinary System Presentationyorkville College 1203376567476185 2
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Secretion of urine in birds
- 1. SECRETION OF URINE IN BIRDS Presenter Sabal Pokharel
- 2. URINARY SYSTEM IN BIRDS The urinary system of birds consists of paired symmetrical kidney and each with ureter that carries the urine. It transports urine to the uroterum of cloaca. Kidney are brown coloured elongated structure. Kidney are situated symmetrically on either side of the vertebral column below pelvis and sacrum.
- 3. CONTD.. The structure of kidney is rough and projected consisiting of renal tubules. Avian kidney is divided into unit called tubules. The tubules have renal cortex and renal medulla. Nephrons(large no. of microscopic) are located in the tubules and empty into the collecting ducts. The ureter from the kidney are divided into renal and pelvic part.
- 4. CONTD.. Renal parts of the ureter is erubedded in the substance of the kidney. The pelvic part of the ureter runs from the caudal end of the kidney to the cloaca. Both the uterus opens at the dorsal aspect of the urudeum. Urine formed flow into the cloaca where water reabsorption occurs.
- 5. CONTD.. • Cloaca consists of 3 compartments via a) cuprodeum- receives the faeces b) urudeum- receives the ureters and ducts. c) Pructudeum- common discharge
- 7. NEPHRONS IN BIRDS Birds have 2 types of nephron. Small number of mammelians types nephron used to concentrate the urine found in renal medulla. A large number of reptilian typess nephron( without loop of henle) located at renal cortex. Only a small percent of nephron (15-25%) contains loop of henle which helps to concentrate the urine in birds.
- 9. COMPOSITION OF URINE IN BIRDS Birds doesnot have bladder, the urine leaves the ureter and enters the cloaca where it is moved by reverse peristalsis into the large intestine. It perceives excess water to the reabsorbed before elimination. In poultry urate is the waste product that is water insoluble. The urine is in a thick pasty form with a vary low water content but high in uric acid from Nitrogen metabolism.
- 10. CONTD.. The uric acid is secreted by the tubules of the reptilian type of nephrons. Uric acid starts to crystallize in the kidney. The micro villus in the proximal tubules incapsulate. The crystal with a protein coat formulating a highly soluble collidial particles. And these particles transports the uric acid through the nephrons to the uretes and into the cloaca along with
- 11. THANK YOU