SECONDARY EDUCATION IN COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVES

ALLAMA IQBAL OPEN
UNIVERSITY, ISLAMABAD
ONLINE WORKSHOP - JUL/AUG. 2020
SECONDARY EDUCATION
IN
COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVES
CC 8624 -B.Ed.
Presented by:
Ch. M. Ashraf
m.ashraf0919@gmail.com
https://www.slideshare.net/RizwanDuhdra
Telegram: https://t.me/duhdra

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By:Ch.M.Ashraf
SECONDARY EDUCATION
IN
COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVES
(Meanings and purpose of studying secondary education in
comparative perspectives)

Comparative Education (Changing definitions)
✓ Comparative education is the comparison of various
philosophies of education based not only on theories but the
actual practices which prevail. (Isaac Kandel 1957)
✓ Comparative Education is a field of study dealing with the
comparison of current educational theory and practice in
different countries for the purpose of broadening and
deepening understanding of educational problems beyond the
boundaries of one's own country. (Carter Good 1962) 3
By:Ch.M.Ashraf
SECONDARY EDUCATION IN COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVES

(continue)
✓ Comparative education is a systematic examination of other
cultures and other systems of education deriving from
those cultures in order to discover resemblances and
differences and, why variant solutions have been attempted
to problems that are often common to all. (V. Mallinson 1975)
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(continue)
✓ The problems of education in different countries are similar
and the principle which guide their solution may be
compared and even identified. The analytical study of this
factor from a historical perspective and the comparison of
attempted solution of resultant problems are the main
purpose of comparative education.
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What is Comparative Education
Following definitions are included in the concepts of C.E.
✓ A study of two or more education systems
✓ A study of how the philosophy, objectives and aims, policy and
practice of education in other countries influence the general
development, policy and practice of education in a particular
country.
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(continue)
✓ A study of how the development of education in the past, across
the ages and continents, has influenced the development of
education in particular countries.
✓ A study of the school systems of two or more countries, and of
the administrative machineries set up to implement or to
control the education system(Adeyinka 1994) 7
By:Ch.M.Ashraf

(continue)
✓ Comparative education is an established field of study that
examines education in one or group of countries by using data
and insights drawn from the practices and situation in an
other country/countries (Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia)
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Comparative Education Has Four Objectives:
✓ To describe education systems, processes, or outcomes.
✓ To assist in the development of educational institutions and
practices.
✓ To highlight the relationships between education and society.
✓ To establish generalized statements about education that are
valid in more than one country.
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Comparative Education Has Four Objectives:
Comparative education is an intersection of the social
sciences and cross-national study which attempts to use cross
national data to test propositions and the relationship between
education and society and between Teaching Practices and
Learning out comes (David Wilson 2003)
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Purposes Of Studying Secondary Education In
Comparative Perspectives:
1. Intellectual:
The people study foreign educational systems, intellectual
activities as they want to know about others for
enlightenment.
2. Planning:
Problems of over Population, disease, economic fall,
industrialization, social issues/evils can be tackled though
planning using data drawn from the policies and practices
in other countries
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Comparative Perspectives: (Continue)
3. Practicability:
Now the pattern of education which loses its practicability
goes on being replaced by such patterns which have
practical utility.
4. Education Explosion in The World:
There is an explosion in the field of educations so there is a
need to compare the educational systems of other countries
with one’s own pattern of education 12
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5. Educational Problems in World Perspectives:
Most of countries in the world face identical problems in
their educational systems. It can be made possible to gain
insight from the achievements of foreign schools and use it
in the improvements or reorientation of educational systems
of one’s own country.
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6. Humanitarian View-Point:
USA has done a lot for the upplight of educational status in
the world. In the prevailing perspectives the developing
countries like Pakistan are aiming at the development of
such pattern that lead us to achieve cent per cent literacy in
the minimum time
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7. Innovations:
Keeping in view the modern and innovative strategies and
techniques use of technology, programmed learning, mass
media, distance learning , correspondence and education in
comparative perspectives cannot be overlooked to keep pace
with the innovative world.
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8. Economics of Education:
It is due to the comparative studies that it has been realized
that spreading of education is positively correlated with
increasing productivity.
9. Education For International Understanding:
One can understand the policy, Planning, Practice and
Patterns of education of other countries through
comparative study and bring reforms in one’s own system of
education.
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HUMAN DEVELOPMENT AND LEARNING
THEORIES REGARDING INTELLECTUAL DEVELOPMENT
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SECONDARY EDUCATION IN COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVES

SECONDARY EDUCATION IN COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVES

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