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Science 5 (Simple Machines)

This document summarizes the six types of simple machines: lever, pulley, wheel and axle, inclined plane, wedge, and screw. It defines simple machines as tools that make work easier and faster by changing the direction or magnitude of force. Each type of simple machine is then described in one to three sentences. The lever is defined as a rigid bar that turns around a fixed point, and its three classes are outlined. Pulleys can be fixed or movable, including block and tackle systems. Mechanical advantage is defined as the load divided by the effort.

Science◦
Science V
Simple Machines
Simple Machines - are simple tools used to make work easier and faster. - mechanical device that changes the direction or magnitude of a force. - In general, they can be defined as the simplest mechanisms that provide mechanical advantage.
The 6 types of Simple Machines
A. Lever - is a rigid bar that turns about a fixed point called fulcrum.  ex. A gear stick, door handle, hammer, spanner, crowbar, scissors, wheelbarrows
3 classes of Levers
 1. First Class Lever – the fulcrum is between the effort and the load/resistance.
2. Second Class Lever – the load/resistance is between the effort and the fulcrum.
3. Third Class Lever – the effort is between the fulcrum and the load/resistance.
B. PULLEY – is a grooved wheel or combination of wheels that uses ropes to lift loads.
3 different types of pulley systems 1. Fixed Pulley System 2. Movable Pulley System 3. Block and Tackle System
Fixed Pulley System - pulley is fixed at one place.
Movable Pulley System - pulley is free to move in space or is suspended by the rope, which is in turn, is attached to a fixed position.
Block and Tackle System - is a system of two or more pulleys with a rope or cable threaded between them, usually used to lift or pull heavy loads.
Mechanical advantage  - the amount of load divided by the effort  - the amount by which a machine multiplies force
Computing the EFFORT Effort = Load/Resistance Mechanical Advantage
C. Wheel and Axle - A wheel with a rod, called an axle, through its center lifts or moves loads.
D. Inclined Plane -an inclined plane is a slanting surface connecting a lower level to a higher level.
E. Wedge -A wedge is an object with at least one slanting side ending in a sharp edge, which cuts material apart.
F. Screw - is an inclined plane wrapped around a pole which holds things together or lifts materials. - is a continuous inclined plane wrapped around a cylinder.
Science 5 (Simple Machines)
Science 5 (Simple Machines)