Integriertes Wasserressourcenmanagement in Zentralasien , Modelregion Mongolei Prof. Dr. Buren Sharaw

Berlin 06. März 2015
Integriertes Wasserressourcen- Management
(IWRM) in Zentralasien: Modellregion Mongolei
(MoMo) - Phase III
Wassertechnologien
Dr. Buren Scharaw
Fraunhofer IOSB-AST
Am Vogelherd 50, 98693 Ilmenau, Germany
Telefon: +49 (0) 3677 / 461-121,
mailto: buren.scharaw@iosb-ast.fraunhofer.de

Model Region: River Basin Kharaa, City of Darkhan
Kharaa River Basin
Kharaa Catchment area ~15.015 km2
Kharaa flow at Darkhan: MQ ca. 10,5 m3/s
Catchment Orkhon (~132.835 km2),
Catchment Selenge (~280.000 km2),
Baikalsee, Russland
Population of Darkhan ca. 90.000
Darkhan

The IWRM-MoMo Project : Past, Present & Future
Kharaa River basin,
Urban and rural water management analysis,
city of Darkhan and Orkhon Sum
Identification of
Testing of measures
• Evaluation of proposed measures from MoMo 1
pilot measures
• Methods for multi-disciplinary planning of effective
and efficient measures toolbox model
Implementation of measures
• application and optimisation of measures,
• evaluation of the IWRM approach.
• existing problems
• impacts on population & environment
• effective programs of measure.
1
2006
2009
2017
2010
2014
2
3
PastPresentFuture

Berlin 06. März 2015Page 4
IWRM systems approach…
Ground Water
Agriculture
Nat. Land-use
Wastewater
Drinking Water
Atmosphere / Climate
Stagnant Waters
Implementation
Running Waters
CapacityDevelopment
System Analysis and ScenariosInstitutiontionalConditions

Air Temperature Change Mongolia
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
5
Temperature[°C]
A2 CNCM3
A2 ECHAM5
A2 IPSL
B1 CNCM3
B1 ECHAM5
B1 IPSL
WFD

Air Temperature Change Mongolia
1971-2000
2071-2100 (B1-CNCM3) 2071-2100 (A2-ECHAM5)

Water Availability Change Mongolia
Water availability [mm]

Water Availability Change Mongolia
2071‐2100

Overview and Objectives
Implementation of pilot measures based on results of MoMo phase 1
area
urban area
(city of Darkhan)
suburban area
(ger settlements)
rural area
(rural settlements)
Problem
identification
Phase I
• Data collection, online measures,
• Problem identification,
• Analyses,
• Proposals of optimal solutions
Methods
Approaches
Phase II
• Ground water simulation by
MODFLOW
• central water supply with optimal
management by HydroDyn,
• central wastewater treatment (reuse of
water and nutrients)
• water kiosks & wells for water
supply
• decentralized collection of faeces
and transport to central wastewater
treatment plant
• participative development of
measures
• drinking water supply
• Decentralized / semi centralized
treatment
• WSB-Technology for
decentralized waste water
treatment
Pilot measures
Phase II
• location of leakages of the water
supply system in Darkhan,
• central wwtp (SBR), pilot plant scale
central anaerobic treatment of faeces
of ger camps (biogas plant)
• collect and bring system for water
supply and faeces („small business“)
• possibly additional pilot measures
• location analysis
ecotechnical wastewater
treatment (PPA)
• Small sewage works / small wwtp
(WSB® Technology at
Kindergarten in Orkhon Sum

Drinking water extraction in Darkhan city:
Ground water monitoring
18 wells of USAG (depth: 60-70m)
8 km south of Darkhan
bank filtrate
~ 9.700 m³/day
8 wells of Thermal Power Plant
(depth: 70-80m)
~ 8.300 m³/day
13 wells of other industries
(brick manufacture, tannery)
USAG wells
TPP wells
Darkhan (~ 80 000)

Drinking water extraction:
Monitoring Ground water situation
10 pressure transducers measure
ground water level continuously

• 3-D finite-difference model
• Open source, published by the U.S. Geological Survey
• Used version: MODFLOW-2005 http://water.usgs.gov
• The 3-D model domain (e.g. aquifer system) is discretized into a
block of grids called cells
• For each cell the hydraulic properties (e.g. conductivity, storativity)
are defined
• Layers correspond to horizontal hydrogeological units
• In each cell there is a point called “node” at which hydraulic head is
calculated
Ground water flow modelling with MODFLOW
Ground water modellig

simulated steady-state water table (hydraulic head) for warm season (April-October)
Ground water simulation results
• represents average flow conditions
• Warm season =>
- river and soil water not frozen
- groundwater recharge (10mm/year)
• GW-flow in alluvial aquifer from South
to North parallel to Kharaa River
draw down in 8 TPP
wells galary is larger
than in 18 USAG
wells galary
TPP wells are further
away from
the Kharaa River

Water balance:
Water flow into the model domain Kharaa River larges contribution
Water flow out of model domain pumping wells larges contribution
Kharaa River:
important water source
for Darkhan
Ground water simulation results

Assessment of ground water quality

Drinking water supply in city of Darkhan
• 18 groundwater wells near the river Kharaa
(depth 70m) with ~70.000 m3/d capacity
• 6 tanks
• 225 km network pipes
• ca. 18.000 m3/d demands
• Old and often broken down network
infrastructure (pumps, pipes, valves)
• High water losses in the DWSN
• 3 distribution zones (Old Darkhan, New Darkhan
and Industry)
• Rehabilitation of distribution network

Drinking Water Supply
• Leak Detection - sensor test installation with GSM
communication
• Software Interfaces - data exchange between
sensor SCADA and HydroDyn
• Chemical Backtrace-Contamination source - new
model for mixing in network nodes implemented
(bulk-advective-model)
• Sensor Installation – 10 multiparameter sensors
for darkhan water network [April-May 2011]
Drinking Water Supply

Water production and water losses in distribution network
Drinking Water Supply:
Concept

Water balance in city of Darkhan

300
350
400
450
500
550
9 12 15 18 21 0 3 6 9
[m³/h]
Time
Daily Demand Profiles Darkhan
Sunday Monday
Tuesday Wednesday
Thursday Friday
Saturday
Indicator for high leak flow
Largest Demand 525m³/h
High nightly
demand 340m³/h
Leakage

Installation of sensors
Pin-Pointing of Leakages by
Field Measurements
• Workshop with USAG
employees in Summer 2012
in the Mangit area (Capacity
Development)
• Training of usage of SebaKMT
noise loggers, correlators and
ground microphones

small pressure drop
Flow change
results from leakage detection
Comparing the results between
• online measurement-data from sensors and
• simulation by HydroDyn
Proposal for rehabilitation of the pipe lines
(2013 3 km and 18 km in 2013
by local company USAG Darkhan
Reducing the leakages by 5%-7%

Zentrale Abwasserbehandlung (ZKA)
• ZKA-Darkhan wurde 1964 gebaut (51 Jahre)
• Ablaufwerte sind schlecht
• Erfassung der online Messwerte seit 2006 zur
Überwachung der Prozessabläufe
• Entwicklung des Simulationstools der ZKA
• Erd- und Bauarbeiten, Bauüberwachung,
Installation und Erprobung einer SBR-
Demonstrationsanlage auf der ZKA Darkhan/p2m
• Inbetriebnahme am 10. Sep.2011 durch
Staatsekretärin Frau Erdenezezeg / Bau und
Infrastruktur Ministerium

Aufgabe in MoMo3
Zentrale Abwasserbehandlung Darkhan
• Fortführung und Erweiterung des Online-Monitoring der
Prozesse auf der zentralen Kläranlage Darkhan
• Untersuchung der Abwässer aus Industrien ->
Vorklärung von Industriewässern
• Erstellung eines Konzeptes zur Instandsetzung der
Abwasserkanalisation mit 3 Pumpstationen (223km)
• Fachliche Begleitung der lokalen Behörden bei
Vorbereitung der Ausschreibungsunterlagen für den Bau
bzw. Rekonstruktion der Zentralkläranlage in den
Städten Darkhan
• Beteiligung bei der Ausschreibung mit der Fa. p2m
• Initiativen für die Übertragung der im IWRM-MoMo
Projekt getesteten Technologien

Waste water treatment:
the tested SBR Pilot Plant
Task: Construction and operation of
an SBR Pilot Plant
• Pilot plant site selected at the WWTP
Darkhan
• Planning of the Pilot Plant completed
• Drawings submitted to USAG
• Machinery Parts ordered and packed for
transportation to Darkhan
• PLC programming in progress
• Start-up planed in may 2011
• All action in scheduled time and costs as
submitted with proposal

Preliminary Design of Large-scale WWTP
by SBR-Technology

Small Waste Water Treatment Plant
Decentralized Waste Water Management
Pre-treatment - Biological stage - Final clarification
Biological stage with Biofilm Carrier
Working plan
04.2011 – 06.2011 - construction work
06.2011 - start-up
07.2011 – 01.2013 - operating time
Modification
• Location adaptation
• plant size form 20 to 50 PE
Treatment Plant
• for a kindergarten
• in Orkhon soum
• Capacity 50 PE

Anpassung der Technologie
Vorklärung Biologie –
Wirbel- Schwebebettreaktor Nachklärung
Zulauf
Ablauf

Anpassung der Technik
Nachklärung Biologie
Vorklärung und
Schlammspeicher

Dezentrale Abwasserbehandlung
für ländliche Gebiete
- Koordination der Umsetzungsmaßnahmen
- Erd- und Bauarbeiten der
Demonstrationsanlage am Kindergarten in
Orkhon Sum für 50 EWG
- Bauüberwachung,
- Ferngesteuerte Prozessüberwachung,
- Erfolgreiche Umsetzung und Anpassung der
WSB-Technologie
- Erfolgreiche Demonstration und Vermarktung

Implementation in Mongolia
1. Төв аймаг,
2. Булган аймаг,
3. Өвөрхангай аймаг,
4. Эрдэнэт,
5. Улаанбаатар

Waste Water Treatment Plant with
Integrated Wood Production
Objective A Identify an affordable waste water treatment approach that is compatible with
the harsh climatic conditions of the Darkhan region.
Objective B Utilise waste water components for local environmental and economic benefit.
M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A
No. Task
1 Preliminary design
2 Design development
3 Detailed design
4 Tender documents
5 Construction documents
6 Preparation for additional trials
7 Construction phase 1 (Treatment beds)
8 Plant establishment
9 Bill of Quantities
10 University contract
11 Site selection
12 Tender meetings
13 Construction phase 2 (Irrigation supply)
14 Supporting trials
15 Reporting
16 Maintenance documentation
17 Sampling and monitoring
2011 2012 2013
Distribution system Willow and Poplar trees
Sampling point
Overflow to sewer
Collection pipework
Influent delivery
Location: MUST University

Waste water treatment Ger area: iPiT
intermediate
storage
biogas
plant
• iPiT installation in bag 7
in Darkhan
• Installation of biogas plant
on the CWWTP Darkhan

Capacity Development (2006-2013)
Mongolian Scientists and Stakeholders
in Germany
• Project partners and key persons from
Ministries, Kharaa River Basin Council, Water
Administration and provincial Gouvernement
Darkhan-Uul Aimag, local companies, like
USAG and Universities (MUST, NUM)
University and Schools
• Lectures (MUST Darkhan and NUM)
• Mongolian diploma student - cost analyses of a
new WWTP, at FhAST-Ilmenau
• Supervision of Ph.D. master/bachelor theses to
Mongolian students
• Master Program: Environmental Engineering &
Management (EEM)
• Water Fun Programm at schools (UBZ)
• Technical training course for decentralized
waste water systems (Fraunhofer and UFZ)

Aufgabe in MoMo3
Dezentrale Abwasserbehandlung
• Fernübertragung der Daten und Fernüberwachung der
Prozesse aus Deutschland
• Erstellung eines Betreiber-Modells
• Fachliche Begleitung der lokalen Entscheidungsträger
bei der Ausschreibung und Umsetzung sowie
Übertragung der getesteten WSB-Technologie in
weiteren Regionen
• Mitwirkung bei der Vorbereitung von
Ausschreibungsunterlagen von 6 Anlagen in Tuv,
Bulgan, Uvurkhangai Provinzen in 2015
• Weitere 20 Anlagen werden ausgeschrieben
• Gute Chancen für die Gewinnung der Ausschreibungen
Fraunhofer/Fa. Bergmann

Thank you very much – Баярлалаа

Integriertes Wasserressourcenmanagement in Zentralasien , Modelregion Mongolei Prof. Dr. Buren Sharaw

Integriertes Wasserressourcenmanagement in Zentralasien , Modelregion Mongolei Prof. Dr. Buren Sharaw

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