This document provides an overview of SAP and its components. It describes SAP as an enterprise resource planning software developed by SAP SE. Key points include: - SAP is a leading ERP software that integrates various business functions like finance, supply chain, production etc. - It uses a 3-tier architecture with presentation, application and database layers. - The document outlines various SAP modules like MM, SD, PP, PM and technical components like landscapes, clients and organization structures. - Plant maintenance module manages maintenance activities through work orders, preventive maintenance and equipment records.

1. SAP Overview
By
Divakar Singh

2. CONTENTS
Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)
Systems, Applications and Products (SAP)
Landscape
3-tier Architecture
Plant Maintenance(PM)
Organization Structure

3. ERP(ENTERPRISE RESOURCE PLANNING)
• Enterprise resource planning (ERP) is the integrated management of core
business processes, often in real-time and mediated by software and
technology.
• ERPisusuallyreferredtoasacategoryofbusiness-managementsoftware—
typically a suite of integrated applications—that an organization can use to
collect, store, manage and interpret data from these
manybusinessactivities.

4. SAP(SYSTEMS APPLICATIONS & PRODUCTS)
• SAP is a enterprise resource planning company based on walldorf in
Germany.
• SAP founded in and around 1972 in Germany .
• Founded by five IBM engineers Dietmar Hopp, Claus Wellenreuther,
Hans-Werner Hector, Klaus Tschira & Hasso Plattner.
• SAP is the world largest software company in the world.
• SAP R/3 system is a buisness software package to integrate all area of
buisness.
• It provide end to end knowledge about financial, manufacturing,
maintanence, logistic and distribution.

5. HOW IS SAP DIFFERENT FROM CORE ERP
Systems Applications Products
(SAP)
• Features of SAP-ERP -
 It provides procurement
management facility.
 It assists in product development.
 Supports sales and services.
 It provides complete integration of
systems.
• Example: SAP AG
Enterprise Resource Planning
(ERP)
• Features of ERP-
 It provides multi-platform and multi-
mode facility
 It supports strategic and business
planning activities
 It covers all functional areas.
• Example: SAP AG, Oracle
Applications, Sage Groups, etc.

6. SAP VERSIONS
 SAP R/1 System RF: 1973
 SAP R/2 Mainframe System: 1979
 SAP R/3 Enterprise Edition 1.0 A: July 1992
 SAP R/3 Enterprise Edition 4.0B (SAP R/3 4.0B): 06 April 1998
 SAP R/3 Enterprise Edition 3.1l (SAP R/3 3.1I): 11 May 1998
 SAP R/3 Enterprise Edition 4.3
 SAP R/3 Enterprise Edition 4.5B (SAP R/3 4.5B): 29 March 1999
 SAP R/3 Enterprise Edition 4.6B (SAP R/3 4.6B): 06 December 1999
 SAP R/3 Enterprise Edition 4.6C (SAP R/3 4.6C): 03 April 2000
 SAP R/3 Enterprise Edition 4.6F
 SAP R/3 ENTERPRISE 4.7X110: 15 July 2002
 SAP R/3 ENTERPRISE 4.7X200: 22 September 2003
 SAP ERP Central Component (ECC) 5.0: 21 June 2004
 SAP ERP Central Component (ECC) 6.0: 24 October 2005

7. WHAT IS SAP LANDSCAPE?
SAP system landscape is defined as an arrangement of SAP servers.
Ideally, in a Sap environment, a three- system landscape exists. A
systemlandscapeconsistsof
• ONESYSTEMLANDSCAPE
• TWOSYSTEMLANDSCAPE
• THREESYSTEMLANDSCAPE

8. ONE SYSTEM LANDSCAPE
A one-system landscape containing all central clients in a single SAP System.
Joint usage of hardware resources and cross-client data places serious
restrictionsonhowasinglesystemoperates.

9. TWO SYSTEM LANDSCAPE
In the two-system landscape, the production client is completely separate from
the other clients. The disadvantage of a two-system landscape is that cross-
client data is used in both the Customizing and quality assurance clients.
Although all tests in the quality assurance client were successful, errors could
still occurafter thetransport intotheproductionclient.Thisproblemis caused
bychangesbeingmadetocross-clientdataandthennotbeingtransported.

10. THREE SYSTEM LANDSCAPE
SAP recommend a three-system landscape in which each of the central clients has its own
SAP System. Make all changes to DEV client. When you release the corresponding change
requests,theyaretransportedintothequalityassurance client.
In the quality assurance client you can test whether the transports are complete, If the
testissuccessful,thechangerequestsaretransportedintotheproductionclient.
The production client is completely separate from the other clients as regards cross-client
data.

11. TYPE OF CLIENT
Sandbox Client : It is for trial & error. Here, anything done doesn’t affect the other
servers. Theimplementersusethis servertocreateademostructure, how configurationwill
bedoneanditcanbeerasedlater.
Golden Client : It is a kind of development server, here implementers do the real
configuration as per requirement & if satisfied with the configuration, they transport it to
thequalityserverfortesting&ifnot,there-dotheconfigurationtomeettherequirement.
ABAP Client : Configuration and codes for business logic are developed in this client.
Here,itgeneratesworkbenchrequest.
Quality Client : Configuration and codes are promoted here for testing and
verification.
Production Client : Afterapproved,configurationandcodesaremovedhereforbusiness
use.

12. 3-TIER ARCHITECTURE

13. 3-TIER ARCHITECTURE
It is a client server architecture. It consist of three layers :
Presentation Layer : ItcontainsthesoftwarecomponentsthatmakeuptheSAPGUI.
ThislayeristheinterfacebetweentheR/3Systemanditsusers.Thepresentationlayersendsthe
user'sinputtotheapplicationserver,andreceivesdatafor displayfromit.Ex:mobiles,desktops,
laptops.
Application Layer : Itconsistsofoneormoreapplicationserversandamessageserver.
Eachapplication servercontainsasetofservicesusedtoruntheR/3System.theservicesare
distributedacrossmorethanoneapplicationserver.Themessageserverisresponsiblefor
communicationbetweentheapplicationservers.Itpassesrequestsfromoneapplicationserverto
anotherwithinthesystem.
Database Layer : Itconsistsofacentraldatabasesystemcontainingallofthe
dataintheR/3System.SAPhasmanufactureditsowndatabasenamed,Hanabutiscompatible
withallmajordatabasessuchas Oracle,MSSQLserver,IBMDB/2,Siebel,Sybase,etc.

14. FUNCTIONALMODULE
SAP
MODULE
TECHNICALMODULE
Material Management
(MM)
Sales &
Distribution(SD)
Production
Planning(PP)
Plant Maintenance
(PM)
Controlling
(CO)
Quality Management
(QM)
Financial
Accounting(FI)
Advanced Business
Applications
Programming(ABAP)
Basis

15. PLANT MAINTENANCE(PM)
SAP Plant Maintenance (SAP PM) is a software product that manages all
maintenanceactivitiesinanorganization.PlantMaintenancemoduleconsistsof
key activities to include inspection, preventive maintenance and repairs, and
othermeasurestomaintainanidealtechnicalsystem.
To perform these activities, Plant Maintenance contains the following sub
modules−
Managementoftechnicalobjectsandequipmentmasterrecord.
Planningofmaintenancetask.
Manage workflow notifications and work orders under maintenance order
management.

16. ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE
OrganizationstructureisthestructurethatrepresentsanorganizationinSAPERPsystem.Itis
subdividedintovariousorganizationalunitswhichforlegalreasonorbusinessrelatedreasonare
groupedtogether.

17. COMPONENTS OF ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE
Client:ItisacommercialorganizationalunitinR/3system.ItisthehigherlevelinSAP
system.Ithasitownsetofmasterdatawithindependenttablesets.Inthislevel,datais
maintainedandisvalidforallorganizationallevels.
Company Code: Itisasmallestorganizationalunit.Withinclient,itisindependent
accountingunitthathasitsownprofit,loss&balancestatement.
Plant: Itisanorganizationalunitwhereactivitiestakeplace.Plantisresponsiblefor
planning, procurement,distributionofgoods&servicestocustomersofanorganization
underonecompanycode.
MaintenancePlant:Maintenanceplantforatechnicalobjectisknownasaplantin
whichyouperformthemaintenancetasksfortheobjectsandplanningisdone.
MaintenancePlanning Plant:Maintenanceplanningplantisalogicallocation
wherethemaintenanceactivitiesontechnicalobjectsareplanned.TheMaintenance
PlannerGroupswhoplanandmonitorthemaintenanceactivitiesaredefinedatthe
maintenanceplanningplants.Maintenanceplanningplantsdetermineifthe
maintenanceplanningiscentralized,decentralizedorpartiallycentralized.

18. COMPONENTS OF ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE
Maintenance Planner Groups:Agroup of employees responsible forplanning andprocessing
maintenance tasks in a plant. Planner groups or Maintenance Planner groups must be defined
separately for each planning plant. Depending on the size and structure of your company, a
maintenanceplanninggroupmaybe anindividualdepartment(for centralworkpreparation),a
groupofTechnicianoraworkshop.
Locations: Location is a place in a maintenance plant at which a technical object is physically
located.Itallowsaplanttobeclassifiedaccordingtospatialorsituationcriteria.
Work Center: Work center is an organizational unit where maintenance activities are
performed. It belongs to master data. Work center defines where and when the maintenance
operation will be performed. Work center is assigned in task list, maintenance order, and
maintenance operation line items. Machine/group of machine or person/group of people can be
representedasaworkcenter

19. O.S. of Tata Steel