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Saner16b.ppt
The document discusses research into the relationship between anti-patterns in design models and source code. It finds that 37% of classes with anti-patterns in models also have those same anti-patterns in the corresponding source code. It also finds that classes modeled in designs that have anti-patterns experience more changes and faults in the source code compared to non-modeled classes. The research aims to better understand how problems in designs may propagate to later stages of development.
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Saner16b.ppt
- 1. Bilal Karasneh, MichelR.V. Chaudron, Foutse Khomh, and Yann-Gaël Guéhéneuc This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial- ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License Studying the Relation between Anti-patterns in Design Models and in Source Code 2016/03/16
- 2. 2/27 Stir your interestfor research on the relations between models and corresponding source code
- 3. 3/27 Context and MainQuestion Software engineers use models to describe and reflect upon their software systems – Even more true with model-driven engineering What is the impact of the quality of models on the quality of the source code?
- 4. 4/27 Software Quality Proxies –Design anti-patterns – Number of changes – Number of faults – Cyclomatic complexity and LOC
- 5. 5/27 Questions Do thevery design of the systems lead to the occurrences of anti-patterns or are anti- patterns introduced during implementation? – Do anti-patterns occurring in models also occur in the source code? – What is the impact of the anti-patterns occurring in models on the classes in the source code?
- 6. 6/27 Needs Software developmentdesign models Matching between models and source code Anti-patterns in models and in the code Fault, change, and metric data
- 7. 7/27 Needs Software developmentdesign models – UML Repository: http://models-db.com
- 8. 8/27 Needs Matching betweenmodels and source code – One to many relations – Names and semantics Manual analysis
- 9. 9/27 Needs Anti-patterns inmodels and in the code – Ptidej Tool Suite: http://wiki.ptidej.net
- 10. 10/27 Needs Fault, change,and metric data – IBDOOS, http://www.ptidej.net – Ptidej Tool Suite +
- 11.
- 12. 12/27 Programs Descriptions URLs AnnoymeAdds beautiful typewriter sounds to Desktop keyboards github.com/dedeibel/annoyme ArgoUML An open source UML modeling tool argouml.sourceforge.net JCoAP Java implementation of the Constrained Application Protocol github.com/dapaulid/JCoAP JGAP Package of Genetic Algorithm and Genetic Programming jgap.sourceforge.net Kartjax Cross-platform, tools to create object, animation and map code.google.com/p/kartjax/ Mars Simulation Project to create a simulation of future settlements on Mars mars-sim.sourceforge.net Msv Poker Poker Game (poker server and poker client) github.com/mihhailnovik/msvPoker Neuroph Lightweight neural network framework neuroph.sourceforge.net Syntax-analyzer Syntax analyzer for (*.lng) file github.com/myzone/syntax-analyzer/ Wro4j Web resource optimizer for Java code.google.com/p/wro4j Data Collection Ten open-source software projects
- 13. 13/27 Data Collection Detectedanti-patterns – Complex classes – Large classes – Lazy classes – Blob – Classes with data that should be private – Classes refusing parents’ bequests – Base classes that should be abstract
- 14. 14/27 Research Questions RQ1: Doanti-patterns occurring in models also occur in the source code? RQ2: What is the impact of anti-patterns from models on classes in code?
- 15. 15/27 Do Anti-patterns Occurringin Models Also Occur in the Source Code? Transfer of anti-patterns from models to code Programs # Anti-patterns in models # Anti-patterns in source code Proportions of same classes with same anti-patterns in models and source code Annoyme 10 5 0.50 ArgoUML 18 10 0.56 JCoAP 4 3 0.75 JGAP 13 5 0.38 Kartjax 17 1 0.06 Mars_Simulation 22 3 0.14 Msv_Poker 11 4 0.36 Neuroph 12 4 0.33 Syntax-analyzer 9 1 0.11 Wro4j 25 12 0.48 Average 0.37
- 16. 16/27 Do Anti-patterns Occurringin Models Also Occur in the Source Code?
- 17. 17/27 37% of theclasses in the models that have anti-patterns exist in the source code with the same anti-patterns RQ1: Do anti-patterns occurring in models also occur in the source code?
- 18. 18/27 What is theImpact of Anti-patterns from Models on Classes in Code? Modeled classes – Classes that are in the models and in the code Non-modeled classes – Classes that are not in the models Programs # Versions Modeled classes Non-modeled classes Total ArgoUML 9 88 2,731 2,819 Wro4j 6 197 876 1,073
- 19. 19/27 What is theImpact of Anti-patterns from Models on Classes in Code? Numbers of changes, faults Programs Categories Means Changes ArgoUML Modeled classes 22 Non-modeled classes 7.78 Wro4j Modeled classes 15.17 Non-modeled classes 6.56 Programs Categories Means Faults ArgoUML Modeled classes 0.82 Non-modeled classes 0.42 Wro4j Modeled classes 2.91 Non-modeled classes 1.04
- 20. 20/27 What is theImpact of Anti-patterns from Models on Classes in Code? Changes, Faults vs. LOC, complexity Programs Categories Correlations R2 AvgCyc LOC Changes ArgoUML Modeled classes 0.30 0.74 0.54 Non-modeled classes 0.21 0.43 0.19 Wro4j Modeled classes 0.06 0.62 0.39 Non-modeled classes -0.00 0.38 0.17 Programs Categories Correlations R2 AvgCyc LOC Faults ArgoUML Modeled classes 0.35 0.53 0.32 Non-Modeled classes 0.13 0.26 0.07 Wro4j Modeled classes 0.02 0.60 0.35 Non-Modeled classes -0.01 0.40 0.18
- 21. 21/27 What is theImpact of Anti-patterns from Models on Classes in Code? Number of changes, faults Programs Categories Means Changes ArgoUML Anti-patterns classes 30.80 No-anti-patterns classes 06.59 Wro4j Anti-patterns classes 16.60 No-anti-patterns classes 12.26 Programs Categories Means Faults ArgoUML Anti-patterns classes 1.20 No-anti-patterns classes 0.15 Wro4j Anti-patterns classes 3.16 No-anti-patterns classes 2.38
- 22. 22/27 What is theImpact of Anti-patterns from Models on Classes in Code? Anti- and no-anti-patterns vs. LOC, complexity Programs Categories Correlations R2 AvgCyc LOC Changes ArgoUML Anti-patterns classes 0.41 0.67 0.44 No-anti-patterns classes 0.33 0.85 0.72 Wro4j Anti-patterns classes 0.06 0.59 0.35 No-anti-patterns classes 0.02 0.70 0.48 Programs Categories Correlations R2 AvgCyc LOC Faults ArgoUML Anti-patterns classes 0.48 0.61 0.42 No-anti-patterns classes 0.35 0.65 0.65 Wro4j Anti-patterns classes -0.01 0.49 0.49 No-anti-patterns classes 0.01 0.70 0.48
- 23. 23/27 Modeled classes withanti-patterns have more changes and faults in the source code RQ2: What is the impact of anti-patterns from models on classes in code?
- 24. 24/27 Take Home Anti-patternsappear in models… 37% of the classes in the models that have anti- patterns exist in the source code with the same anti-patterns … and impact source code Classes in the models that have anti-patterns have more changes and faults in source code
- 25. 25/27 Take Home Anti-patternsmust be detected early – Avoid transfer to the source code – Reduce number of changes/faults in code We expect that other problems in the models can propagate to the source code
- 26. 26/27 Interesting Future Automatematching of classes Measure distance btw. models, source code Analyse more pairs of models, source code Analyse more programs Link model and source code refactorings Propose prevention techniques
- 27. 27/27 Stir your interestfor research on the relations between models and corresponding source code
- 28.
- 29. 29/27 Data Collection Relationbetween models and source code Programs # Classes in Models # Classes in source code Proportions Annoyme 17 59 0.29 ArgoUML 51 909 0.03 JCoAP 21 52 0.40 JGAP 19 191 0.10 Kartjax 29 36 0.80 Mars_Simulation 32 953 0.03 Msv_Poker 22 55 0.40 Neuroph 26 179 0.15 Syntax-analyzer 26 34 0.76 Wro4j 28 289 0.10
- 30. 30/27 Data Collection Relationbetween models and source code Programs # Classes existing in models and source code Proportions in both models and source code wrt. models Proportion in both models and source code wrt. code Annoyme 14 0.82 0.24 ArgoUML 44 0.86 0.05 JCoAP 3 0.14 0.06 JGAP 18 0.95 0.09 Kartjax 1 0.03 0.03 Mars_Simulation 29 0.91 0.03 Msv_Poker 13 0.59 0.24 Neuroph 24 0.92 0.13 Syntax-analyzer 1 0.04 0.03 Wro4j 11 0.39 0.011
- 31. 31/27 Do Anti-patterns Occurringin Models Also Occur in the Source Code? Anti-patterns in models and source code Programs # Anti-patterns in Models # Anti-patterns in source code # Same anti-patterns in the same classes in models and source code Annoyme 10 16 5 ArgoUML 18 524 10 JCoAP 4 2 3 JGAP 13 252 5 Kartjax 17 4 1 Mars_Simulation 22 370 3 Msv_Poker 11 18 4 Neuroph 12 41 4 Syntax-analyzer 9 5 1 Wro4j 25 215 12
- 32. 32/27 Do Anti-patterns Occurringin Models Also Occur in the Source Code? Anti-patterns in models and source code Programs # Anti-patterns in Models # Anti-patterns in source code # Same anti-patterns in the same classes in models and source code Annoyme 10 16 5 ArgoUML 18 524 10 JCoAP 4 2 3 JGAP 13 252 5 Kartjax 17 4 1 Mars_Simulation 22 370 3 Msv_Poker 11 18 4 Neuroph 12 41 4 Syntax-analyzer 9 5 1 Wro4j 25 215 12
- 33. 33/27 Do Anti-patterns Occurringin Models Also Occur in the Source Code? Anti-patterns in models and source code – Some anti-patterns exist in both models and source code, in the same classes – JCoAP, Kartjax, and Syntax-analyzer • Smallest systems • Models are likely outdated – In future work, measure the distance between the models and the source code
- 34. 34/27 Do Anti-patterns Occurringin Models Also Occur in the Source Code? Few occurrences in design – Designers avoid complex classes – Methods are complex to implement – Developers do not follow the design
- 35. 35/27 Do Anti-patterns Occurringin Models Also Occur in the Source Code? Large classes are rare in models – Designers focus on the “principles” of classes – Developers lack time to introduce proper abstractions and “grow” classes
- 36. 36/27 Do Anti-patterns Occurringin Models Also Occur in the Source Code? Most frequent anti-patterns – Designers try to anticipate future evolutions – Developers remove excessive abstractions
- 37. 37/27 Do Anti-patterns Occurringin Models Also Occur in the Source Code? Long methods are only in the source code – Designs do not contains all details – Developers implement features under time pressure and little incentive to refactor
- 38. 38/27 What is theImpact of Anti-patterns from Models on Classes in Code? Modeled classes – Classes that are in the models and in the code Non-modeled classes – Classes that are not in the models Programs # Versions Modeled classes Non-modeled classes Total ArgoUML 9 88 2,731 2,819 Wro4j 6 197 876 1,073
- 39. 39/27 What is theImpact of Anti-patterns from Models on Classes in Code? Numbers of changes, faults Programs Categories Means Changes ArgoUML Modeled classes 22 Non-modeled classes 7.78 Wro4j Modeled classes 15.17 Non-modeled classes 6.56 Programs Categories Means Faults ArgoUML Modeled classes 0.82 Non-modeled classes 0.42 Wro4j Modeled classes 2.91 Non-modeled classes 1.04
- 40. 40/27 What is theImpact of Anti-patterns from Models on Classes in Code? There are significant differences between modeled and non-modeled classes – Classes in models describe core classes of the source code, so they change more – More changes leads to more faults – Design problems could transferred to the code
- 41. 41/27 What is theImpact of Anti-patterns from Models on Classes in Code? Changes, Faults vs. LOC, complexity Programs Categories Correlations R2 AvgCyc LOC Changes ArgoUML Modeled classes 0.30 0.74 0.54 Non-modeled classes 0.21 0.43 0.19 Wro4j Modeled classes 0.06 0.62 0.39 Non-modeled classes -0.00 0.38 0.17 Programs Categories Correlations R2 AvgCyc LOC Faults ArgoUML Modeled classes 0.35 0.53 0.32 Non-Modeled classes 0.13 0.26 0.07 Wro4j Modeled classes 0.02 0.60 0.35 Non-Modeled classes -0.01 0.40 0.18
- 42. 42/27 What is theImpact of Anti-patterns from Models on Classes in Code? There are significant differences between modeled and non-modeled classes – Modeled classes that have higher LOC have more changes and faults – AvgCyc does not have any correlations with modeled, non-modeled classes
- 43. 43/27 What is theImpact of Anti-patterns from Models on Classes in Code? Number of changes, faults Programs Categories Means Changes ArgoUML Anti-patterns classes 30.80 No-anti-patterns classes 06.59 Wro4j Anti-patterns classes 16.60 No-anti-patterns classes 12.26 Programs Categories Means Faults ArgoUML Anti-patterns classes 1.20 No-anti-patterns classes 0.15 Wro4j Anti-patterns classes 3.16 No-anti-patterns classes 2.38
- 44. 44/27 What is theImpact of Anti-patterns from Models on Classes in Code? There are significant differences between classes with/out anti-patterns in numbers of changes and faults – Modeled classes with anti-patterns have more changes and faults in the source code – Design problems must be fixed quickly, else they propagate from models to source code, causing changes and faults
- 45. 45/27 What is theImpact of Anti-patterns from Models on Classes in Code? Anti- and no-anti-patterns vs. LOC, complexity Programs Categories Correlations R2 AvgCyc LOC Changes ArgoUML Anti-patterns classes 0.41 0.67 0.44 No-anti-patterns classes 0.33 0.85 0.72 Wro4j Anti-patterns classes 0.06 0.59 0.35 No-anti-patterns classes 0.02 0.70 0.48 Programs Categories Correlations R2 AvgCyc LOC Faults ArgoUML Anti-patterns classes 0.48 0.61 0.42 No-anti-patterns classes 0.35 0.65 0.65 Wro4j Anti-patterns classes -0.01 0.49 0.49 No-anti-patterns classes 0.01 0.70 0.48
- 46. 46/27 What is theImpact of Anti-patterns from Models on Classes in Code? # Changes have significantly higher correlations with LOC in no-anti-pattern classes than anti-patterns classes # Changes and # Faults do not have strong correlations with LOC in anti-pattern classes – Changes/Faults exist no matter the class sizes