EU-OSHA. European Agency for Safety and Health at Work.
The huge scope, novelty, excitement about promised benefits coupled with the uncertainty and low current level of understanding in a rapidly changing scientific field poses significant challenges for risk communication on ENM to workplaces.
• Risk communication strategies need to handle these uncertainties and to be able to adapt to facilitate reframing and redefining of the issues as they change with the emergence of new ENM and scientific knowledge.
• Because there is as yet no outright rejection of nanotechnology, policy- makers have the opportunity to define how to frame communication on ENM to promote a sensible risk management. Once this frame has been found it needs to be used consistently among stakeholders.
• In order to ensure long-term success of risk communication initiatives to workplaces, these should inform decisions that employers make about workplaces and support them in implementing adequate prevention measures; and empower individual workers to exert personal control over their own situations and environments
A new generation of instruments and tools to monitor buildings performanceLeonardo ENERGY
What is the added value of monitoring the flexibility, comfort, and well-being of a building? How can occupants be better informed about the performance of their building? And how to optimize a building's maintenance?
The slides were presented during a webinar and roundtable with a focus on a new generation of instruments and tools to monitor buildings' performance, and their link with the Smart Readiness Indicator (SRI) for buildings as introduced in the EU's Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD).
Link to the recordings: https://youtu.be/ZCFhmldvRA0
Presentation from Andreas Hermann, Oeko-Institut, about specific project activity on the risk management measures for nanomaterials, on the "Strategic workshop on nanotechnology" in Brussels,
10th February 2015.
This presentation includes the information's about nano materials, their toxicity, types, causes of toxicity, mode of entry, toxic effects, different substances of nano materials and their toxicity.
A new generation of instruments and tools to monitor buildings performanceLeonardo ENERGY
What is the added value of monitoring the flexibility, comfort, and well-being of a building? How can occupants be better informed about the performance of their building? And how to optimize a building's maintenance?
The slides were presented during a webinar and roundtable with a focus on a new generation of instruments and tools to monitor buildings' performance, and their link with the Smart Readiness Indicator (SRI) for buildings as introduced in the EU's Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD).
Link to the recordings: https://youtu.be/ZCFhmldvRA0
Presentation from Andreas Hermann, Oeko-Institut, about specific project activity on the risk management measures for nanomaterials, on the "Strategic workshop on nanotechnology" in Brussels,
10th February 2015.
This presentation includes the information's about nano materials, their toxicity, types, causes of toxicity, mode of entry, toxic effects, different substances of nano materials and their toxicity.
Nanotechnology: Understanding the Applications in Nutrition Science Neelakshi Tanima
How different atoms can be arranged in a way which decides how strong or weak it would be?
When we modify materials at their atomic and molecular level, some very unusual and useful properties are generated. Since the dimensions of atoms and molecule are in nanometers, this technology is called nanotechnology.
Multiple institutions like Department on Information Technology (DoIT), Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research(CSIR) and Department of Biotechnology (DBT) provided the funding to researchers, scholars and projects.
National Centers for Nanofabrication and Nanoelectronics were started in Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology, Mumbai.
Nanotechnology has the potential to impact many aspects of food and agricultural systems. Food security, disease treatment delivery methods, new tools for molecular and cellular biology, new materials for pathogen detection, and protection of the environment are examples of the important links of nanotechnology to the science and engineering of agriculture and food systems.
But NANOTECHNOLOGY also have shortcomings like:
Free Radical formation aggravation
Nutrient Toxicity
Unnatural in nature, so the effects can’t be stated
Transition of nano particles in placenta in pregnant mothers and effects on breast milk quality
DNA or Biological changes due to prolong intake of nanoparticles
Mercury, titanium oxide, metal toxicity or poisoning
Interaction of nanoparticles with each other and with in the body
Degradability
Financial effects or Affordability to general population
Applicability: As they say….One size doesn’t fit all
These can be taken care of by assuring Safety, Regulatory compliance and Affordability.
Bio nanocomposites utilizes nanotechnology to provide novel eco-friendly packages that helps to overcome the drawbacks of biopolymers in terms of physico-chemical properties.
Nanotechnology: Understanding the Applications in Nutrition Science Neelakshi Tanima
How different atoms can be arranged in a way which decides how strong or weak it would be?
When we modify materials at their atomic and molecular level, some very unusual and useful properties are generated. Since the dimensions of atoms and molecule are in nanometers, this technology is called nanotechnology.
Multiple institutions like Department on Information Technology (DoIT), Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research(CSIR) and Department of Biotechnology (DBT) provided the funding to researchers, scholars and projects.
National Centers for Nanofabrication and Nanoelectronics were started in Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore and Indian Institute of Technology, Mumbai.
Nanotechnology has the potential to impact many aspects of food and agricultural systems. Food security, disease treatment delivery methods, new tools for molecular and cellular biology, new materials for pathogen detection, and protection of the environment are examples of the important links of nanotechnology to the science and engineering of agriculture and food systems.
But NANOTECHNOLOGY also have shortcomings like:
Free Radical formation aggravation
Nutrient Toxicity
Unnatural in nature, so the effects can’t be stated
Transition of nano particles in placenta in pregnant mothers and effects on breast milk quality
DNA or Biological changes due to prolong intake of nanoparticles
Mercury, titanium oxide, metal toxicity or poisoning
Interaction of nanoparticles with each other and with in the body
Degradability
Financial effects or Affordability to general population
Applicability: As they say….One size doesn’t fit all
These can be taken care of by assuring Safety, Regulatory compliance and Affordability.
Bio nanocomposites utilizes nanotechnology to provide novel eco-friendly packages that helps to overcome the drawbacks of biopolymers in terms of physico-chemical properties.
La nanotecnología encierra un importante potencial para mejorar la calidad de vida de la sociedad y mejorar el medioambiente.
Los nanomateriales están presentes cada vez más en un mayor número de productos, desde equipo electrónico y automóviles, hasta los productos cosméticos y textiles.
This PPT gives an overview of the OiRA project, partners, risk assessment tools and the platform that allows to develop those tools.
The presentation was given on 28 November 2013 to the Advisory Committee for Safety and Health at Work in Luxembourg
OSHwiki has been developed by EU-OSHA, to enable the sharing of occupational safety and health (OSH) knowledge, information and best practices, in order to support government, industry and employee organisations in ensuring safety and health at the workplace.
OSHwiki aims to be an authoritative source of information that is easily updated, edited or translated and reaches beyond the OSH community.
This report documents the collective output of research activities undertaken by the Institute for Employment Studies in response to a request from EU-OSHA to undertake a review of successful OSH benchmarking initiatives. The overarching aim was to review OSH benchmarking schemes that have been set up at sector, Member State or European level in order to assess the benefits that such schemes can deliver, as well as their limitations, and to identify the key factors of and main obstacles to their success.
Working together for youth employment
From education to the workplace: a global challenge
Presentation by Sarah Copsey - Project Manager – EU-OSHA on the 30th June 2011 – Brussels
Joint seminar of the European Parliament and EU Agencies Cedefop, EU-OSHA, ETF, Eurofound
European Parliament
The evolution of computer technology and Web use practices explains the development of more and more online interactive tools (“e-tools”). The occupational health and safety sector is no stranger to this trend/evolution. Many occupational health and safety actors have already shown interest in the possibilities offered by these new technologies and have over the last years developed such e-tools. These tools are mainly developed with the aim to facilitate compliance with legislation or foster a health and safety culture. This presentation is the summary of an expert workshop held in Paris on 20 October 2014 to discuss about the “e-tools” project. By end 2015 (and based on the feedback received in this workshop and others activities to be carried out throughout 2015) an implementation plan will be developed for the project, identifying the needs and the role of the Agency.
Feel free to disseminate and use this presentation to support your own activities for raising awareness on work safety and health.
To get access to other useful OSH resources visit our Campaign website: www.healthy-workplaces.eu
A presentation by Dr Christa Sedlatschek, Director of EU-OSHA
Conference: Active Ageing: “From research to action oriented policies” Florence 14 March 2017
Presentation given by Elke Schneider (EU-OSHA) to the Conference 'Europe at a crossroads. Which way to quality jobs and prosperity?' held under the joint auspices of the European Trade Union Confederation (ETUC) and the European Trade Union Institute (ETUI) held in Brussels on 24-26 September 2014.
Carbon nanotubes and their economic feasibilityJeffrey Funk
These slides use concepts from my (Jeff Funk) course entitled analyzing hi-tech opportunities to analyze how the economic feasibility of carbon nanotubes is becoming better through developing new forms of carbon nanotubes, new methods of synthesis, and increasing the scale of production equipment. New forms of carbon nanotubes continue to be developed; new ones include carbon nanobuds, doped carbon nanotubes, and graphenated carbon nanotubes, each of which includes many variations. The large number of variations suggests that carbon nanotubes will likely experience improvements in performance and the number of applications will continue to grow.
Call for Papers (Extended Abstracts): 5th International Conference of the UNE...Graciela Mariani
The Second call for Papers (Extended Abstracts) for the 5th International Conference of the UNESCO Chair in Technologies for Development has been officially launched.
Tech4Dev 2018, gives you an opportunity to:
Ø Present your research at a unique multidisciplinary Conference focused on innovative technology for social impact in the Global South.
Ø Network across disciplines and fields of technology, to promote the development, deployment, adaptation, and scaling of new solutions for the Global South.
Ø Identify opportunities for collaboration with diverse stakeholders – academics, students, engineers, entrepreneurs, policymakers, practitioners, and social scientists- interested in technological innovation in the Global South.
Ø Participate in the fabulous social event of the conference that will take place in the Lavaux Vineyards, a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Ø Build capacity among students and young professionals to engage in multidisciplinary problem solving for social impact.
Tech4Dev 2018 invites researchers, students, practitioners, industry or anyone interested in critical issues in Technologies for Development to submit proposals for Papers (Extended Abstracts). Submissions should emphasize the value of technological innovation while also acknowledging the limits of technology in generating inclusive social and economic development.
Further information, templates and material can be found on the conference website https://cooperation.epfl.ch/Tech4Dev2018.
Pr. Gilbert EGGERMONT: "Presenta on of the report of the Belgian Health Counc...Nuclear-Transparency-Watch
Pr. Gilbert EGGERMONT, the Belgian Health Council, Belgium
"Presenta on of the report of the Belgian Health Council on emergency planning "
SEMINAR ON PUBLIC INFORMATION IN EP&R:
http://www.nuclear-transparency-watch.eu/activities/nuclear-emergency-preparedness-and-response/seminar-on-public-information-in-epr.html
Late lessons from early warnings: the precautionary principle 1896–2000 morosini1952
Late lessons from early warnings: the precautionary principle 1896–2000
1. Introduction ................................................... 11
1.1. Late lessons from early warnings: an approach to learning from history 11
1.2. Whatisthe‘precautionaryprinciple’? .......................... 13
1.3. An early use of the precautionary principle: London, 1854 . . . . . . . . . . 14
1.4. Forestalling disasters: integrating science and public policy . . . . . . . . . 15
1.5. References............................................... 16
Presentation given by Alain-Michel Boudet from University of Toulouse III, Paul Sabatier in the framework of the Emergence Forum Barcelona
Biocat organized the Barcelona Emergence Forum (April 10-11th, 2014, Congress Palace, Montjuïc) supported by the TRANSBIO SUDOE, a translational cooperation project dedicated to innovation in life sciences in South-West Europe. The Barcelona Emergence Forum contributed to bringing together Academics, Companies, Investment Entities, Technology Platforms and Technology Transfer Offices from Spain, France and Portugal to set up collaborative projects on Human Health & Agro-food Innovation.
More information at: http://www.b2match.eu/emergenceforum2014
PROJECT EAGLE - Interaction and Communication with Society: An Underdeveloped...eaglecommunicates
Radiation Protection Society needs:
- to invest more in the R & D of interaction and
communication with society.
- to promote a trans-disciplinary approach in radiation
protection: natural science & social science & humanities.
R3-Nordic, the Nordic Society of Cleanroom Technology, is a non-profit, independent association for the promotion of new technologies in cleanroom technology and contamination control in the Nordic countries. The aim of the annual R3Nordic Symposium is to provide knowledge within the pharmaceutical, food and electronic industries as well as hospitals and hospital pharmacies. This year the sessions at the 45th R3Nordic Symposium are Pharma, Hospital and General Sessions and the presentations deal with construction and design, planning, auditing, contamination control, cleanroom technology and management, sterilization techniques, cleaning of clean rooms, protective clothing, monitoring techniques, rapid test methods and regulations in clean and controlled rooms. The venue of the annual symposium 2014 is Naantali Spa in Naantali. The persons involved in the Programme Committee are Satu Salo, Kari Leonsaari, Leila Kakko, Sirkka Malmioja, Antti Mikkola, Raimo Pärssinen and Gun Wirtanen. The editors of the proceedings would like to express their gratitude to the speakers for preparing the abstracts published in the journal Renhetsteknik 1/14 as well as the extended abstracts or full papers published in these electronic proceedings.
The growth ofsmartphones usage, the unlimited possibilities of the latest mobile phones and the
growing accessibility of this device to every single person in the world have made them indispensable. At the
same time, an increasing number of studies are raising the public awareness
This presentation provides an overview of worker participation in the prevention of MSDs and steps that employers can take to actively involve workers in identifying musculoskeletal problems and choosing and implementing the best solutions
A Workers’ Survey on Exposure to Cancer Risk Factors in Europe: An Innovative Approach to get Comparable and Reliable Data for Prevention and Policy-making Purposes
This presentation highlights the dangers of prolonged sitting at work, with musculoskeletal pain, cardiovascular disease and cancer being just some of the associated problems.
It outlines who is most at risk and gives handy tips and guidance for employers and workers to keep everyone moving.
This presentation provides an overview of the steps employers can take to support workers with chronic musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) to manage their condition and continue to work.
Risk assessment is the basis for successful safety and health management, and the key to prevent and manage musculoskeletal disorders. This presentation suggests a straightforward stepwise approach to risk assessment that should work well for most businesses (specially micro and small enterprises).
This presentation provides a general introduction to the prevention and management of musculoskeletal disorders that could be complemented with other presentations or publications in the scope of Campaign 2020-22 Healthy Workplaces Lighten the Load.
The presentation summarizes the final output of a major project that was commissioned to address exposure to biological agents in the workplace and the related health effects. The study included a scientific literature review, interviews with experts, focus group sessions and a stakeholder workshop.
The presentation summarizes the final output of a major project that was commissioned to address exposure to biological agents in the workplace and the related health effects. The study included a scientific literature review, interviews with experts, focus group sessions and a stakeholder workshop.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,sisternakatoto
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Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Nanomaterials in the workplace - Risk perception on nanomaterials
1. Nanomaterials in the workplace -
Risk perception and risk communication
Based on a literature review by: Rosemary Gibson, Nicola Stacey and Roxanne Gervais
(HSL, UK), Hakan Wallin (NRCWE, DK), Eric Drais (INRS, FR), Wojciech Zatorski
(CIOP-PIB, PL)
Available at: http://osha.europa.eu/en/publications/literature_reviews/risk-perception-
and-risk-communication-with-regard-to-nanomaterials-in-the-workplace/view
Safety and health at work is everyone‟s concern. It‟s good for you. It‟s good for business.
2. What are nanomaterials?
Commission Recommendation of 18 October 2011 on the definition of
Nanomaterial (2011/696/EU) [1]
"Nanomaterial" means:
• a natural, incidental or manufactured material
• containing particles, in an unbound state or as an aggregate or as an
agglomerate
• and where, for 50 % or more of the particles in the number size
distribution, one or more external dimensions is in the size range 1 nm -
100 nm.
In specific cases […] the number size distribution threshold of 50 % may be replaced
by a threshold between 1 and 50 %.
By derogation […], fullerenes, graphene flakes and single wall carbon nanotubes with
one or more external dimensions below 1 nm should be considered as nanomaterials.
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3. Novel properties, benefits… and risks?
• Engineered nanomaterials (ENM) have different physico-
chemical properties than the same materials at the macro-scale
As the particle size decreases, the surface area per unit mass increases, with more
atoms on the surface, hence an increased surface reactivity and new properties
• The properties of ENM can offer a wealth of benefits to society
Novel medicines that target the site of disease or infection; new environmental
techniques to bring clean water to underdeveloped countries; to reduce the carbon
footprint and solvent use in manufactured products, etc.
ENM are used in over 1,317 consumer applications [2]
• The increased reactivity of ENM can also mean increased toxicity. Hazards
of ENM to human health and safety need to be better understood, adopting a
case-by-case approach.
Animal studies show that some ENM can reach the lungs, liver, kidneys, heart,
reproductive organs, brain, etc. via inhalation or ingestion. Effects are mainly found
in the lungs (e.g. inflammation, oxidative stress, fibrosis, tumours). Epidemiological
studies on natural or man-made nanomaterials also show effects on the cardio-
vascular system. Dermal absorption is being debated.
Safety risks (fire, explosion) of some nano-powders (mainly metal powders)
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4. Engineered Nanomaterials (ENMs) in the workplace
• ENM are already in many workplaces
20,000 to 114,000 jobs in 450 nanotechnology enterprises in Germany, 2004 [3]
75% of EU companies manufacturing or using ENM are SMEs [4]
• The obligation to assess the risks of ENM in the workplace and to eliminate,
substitute or reduce the risks to the minimum following the hierarchy of control
measures apply (Directive 98/24/EC), although challenging due to uncertainty on
health and safety effects and on exposure measurement methods
Guidance and tools for ENM risk management are available [3]
Control measures: replacing powder ENM by ENM in a fluid matrix, local ventilation and
discharge control measures (e.g. filtration) used against ultrafine dust and aerosols,
organisational measures, and as last resort, personal protective equipment.
• ENM risk management is easier at the manufacturing stage but more difficult
down the user chain
Little and poor quality information in the Safety Data Sheets makes it difficult for
downstream employers and workers to assess exposures and implement adequate
prevention measures.
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5. What is known from the research on risk perception
• Risk perception is rarely directly correlated to a strict assessment of
potential gains and losses
• Risk perceptions are not uniform across technologies, countries and time
• Risk perception depends on a mixture of:
The general characteristics of a risk
The socio-demographic attributes and cultural traditions
Technical knowledge and common-sense reasoning
Personal experience, psychological disposition and the perceived context
associated with risk events (communication, management and control)
Social communication
• As an emerging scientific area, ENM have inherent characteristics (e.g.
uncertainty, lack of familiarity, man-made, unknown exposure, potential
delayed, irreversible damage) known to engender mistrust and fear and to
feed conflict. This has the potential to delay prevention and control.
• For communicators to manage the risk decision-making process in a
rapidly evolving environment requires an understanding of a wide range of
risk perceptions and trust levels.
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6. Current trends in perception of ENM
• The public and some workers generally have minimal knowledge and
understanding of ENM, which reduces their ability to reach an informed
stance
The majority of Europeans (54%) have never heard of nanotechnology [5].
More than 51% of all participants from surveys in the EU, US and Japan, reported
knowing 'nothing at all', and nearly 30% „just a little‟ about nanotechnologies. Only
20% claimed to know 'some‟ or „a lot‟ about nanotechnology [6]
Differences between countries: Some Scandinavian countries (Norway, Denmark,
Sweden) show higher public awareness, with at least three quarters of respondents
who had heard of nanotechnology, while other EU countries reflect lower awareness,
with only a quarter of respondents having heard of it (e.g. Portugal, Malta) [5]
• Awareness is affected by socio-demographic factors [5]:
Gender: 54% of men compared to 39% of women have heard of nanotechnology
Educational level:
• those who have heard of nanotechnology are either managers, or left school to go into full-time
education or are everyday users of the Internet
• while those least familiar with nanotechnology left school early and are non-users of the
Internet.
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7. Perception of benefits against risks: a fragile balance
• The risk/benefit perception varies with sector and application
Medical applications for the purpose of curing disease generally meet with public
approval whereas medical application for improving human performance does not,
nor does the use of nanotechnology in food
• Despite low level of knowledge, the general public expects benefits of ENM
to predominate over risks.
• Experts are generally more concerned about ENM health hazards, although
they are limited in their knowledge of the exact benefits/risks balance
• As yet, there is no outright rejection of ENM, but the perception of
risk/benefit balance is fragile and could easily be damaged, e.g. by a public
scare [7]
• The lack of knowledge or concern about occupational health and safety
hazards of ENM in SMEs appears to be a significant challenge for risk
management
Few SMEs are concerned with health and safety questions associated with ENM
(less than with ENM properties or economical potential).
SMEs think that public acceptance of nanomaterial is not a barrier for the
application of ENM, which reflects a „lack of awareness on the potential risks of
such aspects for the nanomaterial branch„ [4]
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8. Risk communication on ENM is more challenging than
for traditional chemicals
• The scientific uncertainties (on ENM hazards and on exposure and risk
quantification) allow opposing sides to draw contradictory or sweeping
conclusions, lead to misunderstandings that can foster distrust, and provide
a fertile ground for confusion, controversy and delay in risk management.
• Poor risk communication based on misinformation may generate confusion
and lead to unjustified fears or to underestimation of the risks, with
consequent damage to health and the environment.
• The complexity and diversity of nano-scale forms of chemicals and the fact
that materials with the same name can have different properties at the nano-
scale can cause confusion, lead to the generation of misleading information
on their properties and result in ambiguity in risk communication.
People tend to underestimate common or familiar risks, therefore for some ENM
where people are familiar with the name, such as silver, it may be difficult to
convince them for the need of control measures
• Individuals generally expect risks from dangerous substances to increase
with quantity, whereas ENM are often handled in smaller quantities, which
can add to this potential for confusion.
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9. Importance of risk communication on ENM
• Various sources acknowledge and that risk communication is an integral
part of risk management and that an effective, transparent, balanced and
open dialogue with all concerned parties is key to the responsible, healthy
and sustainable development of nanotechnology.
• The European Commission (EC) Recommendation on a code of conduct for
responsible nanosciences and nanotechnologies research (2008)
recognises the need for 'a high level of public health, safety, environmental
and consumer protection„, 'to identify and address safety concerns (real or
perceived) at the earliest possible stage„, and for risk communication. [8]
• Benefits from good risk communication include [9]:
people being 'informed of how to protect themselves and how to distinguish
between reliable and unreliable information';
risk managers gaining 'a better idea of the concerns and preferences of
stakeholders';
enhancing 'an atmosphere of trust and mutual respect that is essential for co-
operation and joint problem solving, in particular in crisis situations'.
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10. What is a good risk communication?
• It should not be „an attempt to convince people that the communicator has
done the right thing„ but assist stakeholders to arrive at a balanced judgement
in relation to their own interests and values [9]
• It is not simply the provision of information but a two-way process by which all
sides can learn something from one another.
• It needs to be accessible, tailored to the target audiences, taking into account
their different information needs, preferences, concerns and value systems.
• Different approaches should be used depending on whether risks are routine,
highly uncertain or potentially controversial [9]
• Five inter-related areas shape perception and have to be considered [10]
the perception-specific mechanisms, the cultural attitudes, how the risk is framed in a
message, the role of the media and the place of scientists
• Effective risk communication should involve four key steps:
understand the issue and risks
determine what needs to be communicated, by whom and to whom
establish and implement a risk communication strategy
evaluate and review
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11. Existing risk communication initiatives on ENM
• Much of the risk communication material on ENM is prepared mostly in
English by scientists for other scientists, occupational safety & health
specialists or regulators rather than for workers and employers.
• There are good examples of risk communication on ENM, although not always
specifically targeted at the workplace:
Many ENM projects in the EU Framework programmes include risk communication
although mostly not directly relevant or appropriate for workplaces.
The EC Nanotech Communication Roadmap is a dialogue with the public via a range
of approaches such as television and road-shows [11]
Initiatives by Member States (e.g. AU, DE, DK, FR, IT, NL or UK), producers, industry
associations or trade unions.
• E.g. BASF produced a Code of Conduct for nanotechnology and engages with its workers
through one-to-one conversation, dialogue events, and printed and web media [12]
• Information material by the trade unions, e.g. from the European Trade Union Institute [13]
• Web platforms set up by academics, industry and governments, e.g. GoodNanoGuide [14]
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12. Recommendations (1)
• Aitken et al. (2009) remind researchers, who publish and review papers
on the human health impacts of ENM and communicate with the media,
the public and decision-makers, to ensure that [16]:
all descriptions of ENM hazards recognise the intrinsic heterogeneity of ENM
and discuss the uncertainty of alleged causality;
there is a convincing and scientifically sustainable link between ENM exposure
and pathological outcomes putatively associated with that exposure;
sufficient physical and chemical characterisation data are provided on the
ENM in question to support valid data interpretation and comparison.
• Policy-makers should develop risk communication strategies on ENM
targeted at workplaces learning from previous risk communication
initiatives.
• For this, they should beforehand gain an understanding of the nature of
their audience, their values and concerns (often raised by novel science
or emerging technology).
• Their participation and visibility in public debates and dialogues are also
important for engendering trust and openness.
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13. Recommendations (2)
• When devising risk communication strategies for workplaces, the
existing level of knowledge has to be considered.
• Communication needs to begin by explaining what nanomaterials mean
and how the worker is potentially going to encounter them.
• When communicating to workplaces, the terminology employed may
need to be refined and made more specific. The usefulness of the
generic terminology “nanomaterial” while different types of ENM have
different properties and health effects is questionable when
communicating to workplaces.
• More exploration required on how to overcome the potential for
confusion caused by nomenclature, i.e. materials with essentially the
same name having vastly different properties at the nano-scale.
• Policy makers and stakeholders need to be consistent in the framing of
ENM and use of terminology.
• In the occupational settings it is crucial that key risk information is
retained and acted upon. Good use should be made of influential and
trusted intermediaries.
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14. Recommendations (3)
• There is the potential for controversy in relation to ENM, and some
already exists, so it is also important to justify risks in terms of potential
benefits and the acceptability of risks from an ethical and moral
perspective [9]
• It is thereby important to communicate and discuss not only the potential
risks of ENM, but also the uncertainties currently surrounding the field of
their hazard characterisation.
• Since there are uncertainties about ENM risks, it is important that those
responsible for risk communication and management are not only
competent but also recognised as such.
• Regulators need to engage with industry, trade unions and consumer
associations, sharing the responsibility for risk communication activities
in order to develop science-based risk management policies.
• There needs to be a clear process by which risk communication
initiatives influence policy otherwise stakeholders will not engage.
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15. Conclusions
• The huge scope, novelty, excitement about promised benefits coupled
with the uncertainty and low current level of understanding in a rapidly
changing scientific field poses significant challenges for risk
communication on ENM to workplaces.
• Risk communication strategies need to handle these uncertainties and
to be able to adapt to facilitate reframing and redefining of the issues as
they change with the emergence of new ENM and scientific knowledge.
• Because there is as yet no outright rejection of nanotechnology, policy-
makers have the opportunity to define how to frame communication on
ENM to promote a sensible risk management. Once this frame has
been found it needs to be used consistently among stakeholders.
• In order to ensure long-term success of risk communication initiatives to
workplaces, these should inform decisions that employers make about
workplaces and support them in implementing adequate prevention
measures; and empower individual workers to exert personal control
over their own situations and environments.
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16. References
[1] Commission Recommendation of 18 October 2011 on the definition of Nanomaterial (2011/696/EU). http://eur-
lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2011:275:0038:0040:EN:PDF
[2] Woodrow Wilson, Consumer products inventory, 2011. http://www.nanotechproject.org/inventories/consumer/
[3] EU-OSHA, Workplace exposure to nanoparticles, European Risk Observatory, Report 2, 2009.
http://osha.europa.eu/en/publications/literature_reviews/workplace_exposure_to_nanoparticles
[4] Steinbeis Europa Zentrum, Nanoroad SME, 2005
[5] EC - European Commission, Special Eurobarometer, Biotechnology in Europe, 2010.
http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_341_en.pdf
[6] Satterfield, T., Kandlikar, M., Beaudrie, C. E. H., Conti, J., Herr Harthorn, B., ‘Anticipating the perceived risk of
nanotechnologies’, Nature Nanotechnology, Vol. 4, 2009, pp. 752-758
[7] Stilgoe, J., Nanodialogues Experiments in public engagement with science, DEMOS Report, 2007.
http://www.demos.co.uk/files/Nanodialogues - web.pdf
[8] EC, Recommendation of 07/02/2008 on a Code of Conduct, for responsible nanosciences and nanotechnologies research.
http://ec.europa.eu/nanotechnology/pdf/nanocode-rec_pe0894c_en.pdf
[9] OECD - Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Guidance Document on Risk Communication for
Chemical Risk Management, ENV/JM/MONO(2002)18, 2002.
http://www.oecd.org/officialdocuments/displaydocumentpdf/?cote=env/jm/mono(2002)18&doclanguage=en
[10] Schuler, E., A prospective look at risk communication in the nanotechnology field, Institute for Prospective Technological
Studies (IPTS), 2004
[11] EC, Communicating Nanotechnology, Why, to whom, saying what and how? An action-packed roadmap towards a brand
new dialogue, 2010. ftp://ftp.cordis.europa.eu/pub/nanotechnology/docs/communicating-nanotechnology_en.pdf
[12] BASF, Nanotechnology. http://www.basf.com/group/corporate/en/sustainability/dialogue/in-dialogue-with-
politics/nanotechnology/index
[13] ETUI - European Trade Union Institute, Nanotechnologies. http://www.etui.org/Topics/Health-Safety/Nanotechnologies
[14] GoodNanoGuide: www.goodnanoguide.org
[15] CNDP – French National Commission for Public Debate, Result of the public debate on development and regulation of
nanotechnologies - 15 Octobre 2009 – 24 Février 2010 [Bilan du débat public sur le développement et la régulation des
nanotechnologies 15 Octobre 2009 – 24 Février 2010]. http://www.debatpublic-nano.org/informer/bilan_debat.html
[16] Aitken, R., Borm, P., Donaldson, K., Ichihara, G., Loft, S., Marano, F., Maynard, A., Oberdörster, G., Stamm, H., Stonem V.,
Tran, L., Wallin, H., ‘Nanoparticles – one word: A multiplicity of different hazards,’ Nanotoxicology, Vol. 3, 2009, pp. 263-264.
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17. Cover pictures (from top left to bottom right):
Picture 1: Materialscientist
Picture 2: Jeremy Baumberg - University of Southampton, UK
Picture 3: Yong Peng - University of Sheffield, UK
Picture 4: Jeremy Baumberg - University of Southampton, UK
Picture 5: A. Yakunin et al - Eindhoven University of Technology, Netherlands
Picture 6: Stan Guthrie - Yale University, USA
All pictures licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-No Derivative Works 3.0 License.
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